Izilawuli zelanga zisebenza njengobuchopho ngaphakathi kwesistimu sonozungezilanga, ziqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ashajwa ngendlela ephephile nesebenza kahle kakhulu. Kulesi sizinda, izilawuli zelanga ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulandela amaphuzu aphezulu (MPPT) ziyimikhiqizo evelele.
Balungisa ngobuhlakani amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, bekhipha inani eliphakeme lamandla kuma-solar panel. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungathola amandla engeziwe futhi wandise impilo yebhethri, noma ngabe phakathi nokushisa kwasehlobo noma phakathi nezinsuku zasebusika ezinemvula.
Lesi sihloko sizonikeza ukubuka okufushane kwezilawuli zelanga ze-MPPT kanye nezinzuzo zazo ezibalulekile, kanye nokuqhathanisa nezinye ezidumile. izilawuli zokushaja zelanga etholakala emakethe namuhla.
Okuqukethwe
Siyini isilawuli se-solar charge?
Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezilawuli zokushaja zelanga ze-MPPT
I-MPPT vs. PWM izilawuli zokushaja zelanga
Ukuvala
Siyini isilawuli se-solar charge?
Izilawuli zokushaja ilanga idlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-solar PV. Indima yabo eyinhloko ukuphatha inqubo yokushaja ibhethri kusuka kuphaneli yelanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziphephile futhi igwema ukushajwa ngokweqile noma ukuchithwa ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela kunwebe isikhathi sokuphila kwebhethri.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo isilawuli sokushaja ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla jikelele kwesistimu, ikhulise amandla aqoqwe ama-solar panel ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhethri ashajwa ngezimo ezifanele. Uma kuziwa ekuvikelweni kwebhethri nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, izilawuli zokushaja kwelanga ziyisihluthulelo sokunikezwa okuzinzile, okuthembekile kukagesi welanga.
I-MPPT (isilinganiso esiphezulu sokulandela amaphuzu wamandla) izilawuli zokushaja zelanga, njengobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwesistimu ngaphezu kwezilawuli ze-PWM ezivamile (i-pulse width modulation).
Ngokulandelela iphuzu eliphezulu lamandla ephaneli yelanga ngesikhathi sangempela, izilawuli ze-MPPT zokushaja ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezingazinzile noma ezibuthakathaka, futhi lokhu kubavumela ukuba babambe futhi basebenzise amandla elanga ngokuphumelelayo.
Lokhu akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna amandla, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi uhlelo lungakhiqiza amandla amaningi ngokufaka okufanayo kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, abalawuli be-MPPT badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zelanga futhi bayingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zesimanje zelanga.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezilawuli zokushaja zelanga ze-MPPT
Isimiso sokusebenza
I-MPPT izilawuli ze-solar charge zisebenza ngesisekelo senhloso eyodwa eyinhloko: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphaneli elanga ahlale esebenza endaweni yawo yamandla aphezulu (MPP) ukuze kwandiswe ukuqoqwa kwamandla. Okulandelayo incazelo eningiliziwe yalesi simiso:
Umkhawulo wephoyinti lamandla:
Iphaneli ngayinye yelanga inephuzu lamandla aphezulu, okuyiphuzu lapho ingakhiqiza khona amandla amaningi ngenhlanganisela enikeziwe ye-voltage kanye neyamanje. Leli phuzu liyahlukahluka ngokushuba kokukhanya nezinga lokushisa.
The I-MPPT isilawuli sinquma indawo enkulu yamanje yamandla ngokuqapha ukuphuma kwephaneli yelanga nezimo zemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukulandelela okunamandla nokulungiswa:
The I-MPPT isilawuli sisebenzisa i-algorithm ukuze silandelele leli phuzu ngokushintshashintshayo futhi silungisa ngokuqhubekayo isimo sokusebenza sephaneli yelanga ukuze sigcine ukusebenza endaweni enkulu yamandla. Ilungisa i-impedance yomthwalo wephaneli ukuze ifane ne-voltage nezimo zamanje endaweni enkulu yamandla.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla:
Uma iphuzu lokusebenza elilungile selinqunyiwe, izilawuli zelanga zilungisa okukhiphayo kwamaphaneli ukuze zinikeze i-voltage kanye nezamanje ezifaneleka kakhulu ukushaja ibhethri noma ukunikeza amandla kumthwalo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuphatha okuhlakaniphile:
Izilawuli ze-MPPT bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, noma ngabe usuku oluguqubele, ekuseni, kusihlwa, noma lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphaneli asebenza ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu. Abanye abalawuli be-MPPT abathuthukile nabo banezici zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokuloga kwedatha,
Kafushane, abalawuli be-MPPT basebenza ngokuqapha nokulungiswa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ama-solar panel ahlale esebenza esimweni sabo esihle sokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwamandla.
Le ndlela yokulungisa ehlakaniphile nenamandla ivumela abalawuli be-MPPT ukuthi banikeze ukusebenza okungcono kunabalawuli bendabuko ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo, okubenza bafaneleke ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza zelanga ezinezimo zokukhanya eziguquguqukayo kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kahle.
Amapharamitha wesilawuli nokuvumelana nezimo zesistimu
Amapharamitha wedivayisi ye- Isilawuli se-solar se-MPPT nquma ukufaneleka kwayo kohlobo oluthile nobukhulu besimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngezansi amanye amapharamitha abalulekile nokufaneleka kwawo okufanele ukucabangele:
Input voltage range
Lona uhla lwama-voltages olungakhiqizwa yiphaneli yelanga endaweni yamandla aphezulu. Izilawuli ezihlukene ze-MPPT zenzelwe ama-voltages ahlukene wokufaka aphezulu.
Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-voltage yebhethri ekhiqizwe iphaneli yelanga ekukhanyeni okuphezulu aweqi i-voltage ephezulu yokufaka yesilawuli se-MPPT. Ezinhlelweni zamandla kagesi aphezulu (isb. amaphaneli amaningi axhunywe ochungechungeni), kubalulekile ukukhetha isilawuli se-MPPT esinobubanzi obuphezulu bamandla kagesi.
Isilinganiso sokufaka samanje
Lona ubukhulu bamanje obungaphathwa isilawuli. Inqunyelwe izinto zikagesi zangaphakathi. Isilawuli se-MPPT esikhethiwe kufanele sikwazi ukuphatha ubuningi bamanje obukhiqizwa ama-solar panel ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphezulu.
Amandla amakhulu okukhipha
Lawa amandla amakhulu isilawuli esingawanikeza ibhethri noma ukulayisha. Amandla aphezulu okukhiphayo wesilawuli kufanele afane nebhethri yesistimu nezidingo zokulayisha. Isibonelo, amasistimu amakhulu noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zamandla aphezulu zizodinga isilawuli se-MPPT esikhipha amandla aphezulu.
Ukuhambisana kohlobo lwebhethri elingashajwa kabusha
Izilawuli ezihlukene ze-MPPT zingahle zenzelwe ukusebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri, njenge-lead-acid, i-lithium-ion, i-nickel-cadmium, njalonjalo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isilawuli se-MPPT esihambisana nohlobo oluthile lwebhethri ukuze uqinisekise ukushajwa okufanele nokusebenza kahle.
Ukuphumelela
Lokhu kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kahle isilawuli esiguqula ngakho amandla asuka kuphaneli yelanga abe amandla okushaja ebhethri. Izilawuli ze-MPPT ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zisebenzisa ngempumelelo amandla elanga, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho izimo zokukhanyisa zingazinzile noma lapho ukuvunwa kwamandla kudinga ukukhuliswa.
Isibonelo esifushane: Isilawuli se-MPPT ukukhethwa kwe-Residential Solar System
I-Solar Panel: Amaphaneli elanga amaningi e-monocrystalline axhunywe ochungechungeni anengqikithi yamandla kagesi azungeze i-100V.
Uhlobo lwebhethri: Ibhethri ye-lead-acid engu-12V noma engu-24V.
Wokufaka voltage ububanzi: kufanele ikwazi ukuphatha okungenani i-voltage engu-100V noma ngaphezulu.
Ubuningi bokufaka bamanje: Kucatshangwa ukuthi iphaneli ngayinye ikhiqiza u-5A wamanje ngaphansi kokukhanya okuphezulu, isilawuli esikwazi ukuphatha okungenani u-20A wamanje uma kunamaphaneli angu-4 adingekayo.
Amandla wokukhishwa okukhulu: Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushaja zesistimu yebhethri engu-12V noma engu-24V, isb. 500W noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuhambisana kwebhethri: Idinga ukuhambisana nezici zokushaja zamabhethri e-lead-acid.
I-MPPT vs. PWM izilawuli zokushaja zelanga
I-MPPT futhi ngokwesiko I-PWM iwubuchwepheshe obubili obuyinhloko bezilawuli zokushaja zelanga. Zihluke kakhulu ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okuhle kwabalawuli be-MPPT ngaphezu kwezilawuli ze-PWM:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla
I-MPPT: Izilawuli ze-MPPT zisebenza endaweni ephezulu yamandla ephaneli yelanga, zikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, abalawuli be-MPPT bangakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kuka-90% kuya ku-95% nangaphezulu.
I-PWM: Izilawuli ze-PWM ngokuvamile awasebenzi kahle ngoba alungisa kuphela i-voltage yokushaja ibhethri futhi awaqinisekisi ukuthi iphaneli isebenza endaweni yayo yamandla aphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kusuka ku-75% kuya ku-80%.
Ukujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga
I-MPPT: Endaweni enezimo zokukhanya ezishintshashintsha kakhulu (isb., ekuseni, kusihlwa, noma isimo sezulu esiguqubele), isilawuli se-MPPT sisebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo ngokuphumelelayo. Iqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokukhanya ezishintshayo ngokulungisa i-voltage yokufaka ukuze ikhiphe amandla amaningi angenzeka.
I-PWM: Uma kuqhathaniswa, izilawuli ze-PWM azisebenzi kahle njengezilawuli ze-MPPT lapho izimo zokukhanya zishintsha. Ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku (isb. emini) kodwa zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle lapho amandla okukhanya ephansi.
Ukuhambisana nesistimu nokuguquguquka
I-MPPT: Ngenxa yokuthi abalawuli be-MPPT bangasebenza phezu kwebanga elibanzi lamandla kagesi, kuvumela amaphaneli elanga amaningi ukuthi axhunywe ochungechungeni ukuze akhiqize i-voltage ephakeme. Lokhu kwenza izilawuli ze-MPPT zibe nezimo futhi ziphumelele ezinhlelweni ezinkulu noma ezibukhali zelanga.
I-PWM: Izilawuli ze-PWM zifaneleka kangcono kumasistimu amancane futhi zidinga ugesi wephaneli ukuthi usondele kuleyo yebhethri, okukhawulela ukuguquguquka kokucushwa kwamaphaneli.
Ukusebenza kwezindleko
I-MPPT: Nakuba izilawuli ze-MPPT zinezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme kunezilawuli ze-PWM, izinzuzo zazo zesikhathi eside mayelana nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokuvuna amandla okungcono kuvame ukwenza izindleko eziphakeme.
I-PWM: Izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa zezilawuli ze-PWM zibenza bafanelekele amasistimu amancane anesabelomali esilinganiselwe noma izidingo ezisebenza kahle ezilinganiselwe.
Sekukonke, abalawuli be-MPPT badlula abalawuli be-PWM ngokusebenza kahle, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sokukhanya, nokuhambisana nesistimu, futhi bafaneleka ngokukhethekile kumasistimu elanga amakhulu noma lawo anezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kahle. Nakuba kubiza kakhulu, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside nezithuthukisi zokusebenza ezinikezwa abalawuli be-MPPT ngokuvamile zenza ukutshalwa kwezimali kube okufanelekile.
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Izilawuli zokushaja zelanga ze-MPPT zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zohlelo, ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kahle kwamandla nokusebenza:
Izitshalo ezinkulu zamandla elanga: Ezitshalweni zamandla elanga zebanga lezentengiselwano nezimboni, abalawuli be-MPPT bakhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla kwephaneli ngayinye yelanga, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kanye nokuphuma kwamandla.
Amasistimu elanga okuhlala: Ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga ophahleni, abalawuli be-MPPT bangathuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kokukhanya kokukhanya.
Amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi: Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwegridi, njengamakhaya noma amakamu ezindaweni ezikude, abalawuli be-MPPT bangakwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa kwamandla phakathi kwamaphaneli elanga namabhethri ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile.
Ukuvala
The Isilawuli se-MPPT ubuchwepheshe bokushaja belanga obusebenza kahle kakhulu obuklanyelwe ukukhulisa amandla okukhipha amaphaneli elanga. Ivumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa ngokulungisa indawo yokusebenza yamaphaneli ngesikhathi sangempela, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna amandla kuwo wonke isimiso sonozungezilanga.
Izilawuli ze-MPPT zifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokuhlukahluka okukhulu ekukhanyeni nasezinhlelweni ezinkulu zelanga. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala ziphezulu, amandla aphezulu okuguqulwa kwamandla ahlinzekayo angaletha izinzuzo zezomnotho zesikhathi eside, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zelanga.
Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukuthenga isilawuli sokushaja ilanga ukuze usebenzise ikhaya noma ibhizinisi, ungavakashela Cooig.com ukuhlola uhla lohlu lwemikhiqizo.
