Umlimi uyithuluzi elibalulekile lanoma yimuphi umlimi noma umlimi. Abalimi bayanyakazisa futhi baxege inhlabathi ehlangene ukuze balungiselele amapulazi noma izingadi zokutshala. Ziphinde zifake umoya emhlabathini futhi zisuse ukhula ukuze zikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo okunempilo.
Abalimi ngokuvamile banamazinyo amaningana noma ama-shanks aphula inhlabathi lapho bedonswa kuwo. Nokho, nakuba abalimi benza umsebenzi ofanayo oyinhloko, izinketho ezihlukahlukene ziyatholakala, futhi ukukhetha okulungile kungaba inselele.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha a umlimi ukukusiza ukuthi unikeze amakhasimende akho izinketho ezifanele kakhulu izidingo zawo.
Okuqukethwe
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalimi
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umlimi
Abalimi bawo wonke amapulazi noma ingadi
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalimi
Akekho umlimi olingana konke. Abalimi abahlukene bafanele amaphrojekthi nezinjongo ezahlukene. Nazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zabalimi ezitholakala emakethe:
Ama-disc harrows
Ama-disc harrows, awaziwa nangokuthi abalimi be-disc, afakwe amadiski ensimbi amaningi abizwa ngokuthi ama-gangs. Amaqembu ezigebengu ananyathiselwa ohlakeni lwensimbi olusindayo futhi adonswa a ugandaganda noma enye imoto ethwala kanzima.
Ama-disc harrows zilungele ukutshala inhlabathi enamatshe, ehlangene njengoba izindwani zazo zingaphula inhlabathi ecinene kalula.
I-Tine kanye neketango liyahlaba
Ama-harrow e-Tine namaketango ahlanganisa imigqa emincane namaketango. Lezi zinhlayiya namaketango zibhidliza inhlabathi esuke isixega ngokukhipha izigaxa ezinkulu.
I-Tine kanye neketango liyahlaba zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengethuluzi lokucwenga ukuhlakula inhlabathi etshaliwe kusetshenziswa imishini esindayo efana nentwasahlobo noma abalimi abaqinile.
Spring tine cultivator
Abalimi be-spring tine cultivators, abaziwa nangokuthi abalimi abalayishwe entwasahlobo, banama-tine amaningana alungisekayo anemithombo esindayo esebenza njengezibambisi zokushaqeka.
Abalimi basentwasahlobo zilungele ukulungisa imibhede yembewu yokutshala, inhlabathi engenisa umoya, ukuqeda ukhula, nokutshala inhlabathi eminyene.
Abalimi abaqinile
Abalimi be-Rigid tine, owaziwa nangokuthi amashizolo amageja, iqukethe izinombolo eziningi ezinde, eziqondile ezinamathiselwe ngokuqinile kuhlaka oluyinhloko.
Ama-cultivar anemicu eqinile alungele ukulinywa ekujuleni kunabalimi basentwasahlobo. Amageja amashizolo angasetshenziswa futhi ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umlimi
Nazi izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umlimi.
motor uhlobo
Abalimi abaningi bafika nezinjini zikaphethiloli noma zikagesi, kanti ezinye zisebenza ngezandla. Nakhu ukubuka konke kohlobo lwemoto ngayinye.
Manual
Abalimi abasebenza ngezandla, ababuye baziwe njengabalimi bezandla, ngokuvamile basetshenziselwa ukuphula noma ukufaka umoya emhlabathini ezingadini ezincane. Ngenxa yalokho, zithandwa phakathi kwama-hobbyists noma abalimi basekhaya. Izibonelo zabalimi bezandla zihlanganisa amaraki namageja.
buhle
- Ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa
- Iqinile futhi kulula ukuyigcina
- Akubizi
- Iphelele izingadi ezincane
bawo
- Akufanele amapulazi amakhulu, njengoba adinga umsebenzi wezandla
- Akufanele ukuhlephula inhlabathi ehlanganiswe kakhulu
I-petroli
Abalimi bakaphethiloli bawuhlobo lomlimi oluvame kakhulu. Njengoba igama libonisa, laba balimi banikwa amandla injini yegesi.
Abalimi bakaphethiloli woza nezinketho ezimbili zenjini: izinjini ezine-stroke ezimbili noma ezine-stroke. Amamodeli anezinjini ezine-stroke anikeza ukonga uphethiloli okungcono futhi abanzi umsindo omncane kunamamodeli anenjini enama-stroke amabili. Nokho, asindayo, okwenza kube inselele nakakhulu ukuwasebenzisa.
buhle
- Ilungele amapulazi amakhulu, njengoba enamandla futhi ayidingi umsebenzi wezandla
- Ifanele ukuhlephula inhlabathi ehlanganiswe kakhulu
bawo
- I-Bulkier futhi iqinile ukusebenzisa kunezitshali ezenziwe ngezandla noma zikagesi
- Ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunabalimi bezandla noma abasebenzisa ugesi
- Kunomsindo, ikakhulukazi amamodeli anenjini enezinhlangothi ezimbili
- Idinga indawo enkulu yokugcina
- Kudinga izinguquko ezivamile zikawoyela, okwenza kube nzima ukuyigcina
Amandla
Ama-cultivators kagesi anikwa amandla kagesi. Ngokujwayelekile anamandla amancane kunabalimi bakaphethiloli, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu amapulazi anosayizi omaphakathi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze abalimi bakagesi: amamodeli anezintambo nangenazintambo. Amamodeli anezintambo kufanele axhunywe kugesi ukuze asebenze, ngakho akhawulela ukuhamba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamodeli angenazintambo asebenza ngamandla ebhethri, avumela inkululeko eyengeziwe yokuhamba.
buhle
- Engasindi futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa
- Iqinile futhi kulula ukuyigcina
- Khiqiza umsindo omncane kunabalimi bakaphethiloli
- Ifanele izindawo ezivalekile lapho abalimi bakaphethiloli bengakwazi ukusetshenziswa, njengezindlu zokugcina izithombo
- Kwezemvelo
bawo
- Amamodeli anezintambo anciphisa ukuhamba, awenze angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziswa emapulazini amakhulu
- Amamodeli amaningi angenazintambo anikeza ukuphila kwebhethri okufushane, okuwenza angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa emapulazini amakhulu
- Nikeza amandla amancane kanye ne-torque kunabalimi bakaphethiloli, okubenza bangafaneleki ukuphula inhlabathi ehlanganiswe kakhulu
Power
Abalimi banezilinganiso zamandla ezihlukene. Kubalimi bakaphethiloli, amandla akalwa ngamandla ehhashi (hp), kanti kwabakagesi, akalwa ngama-watts (W) noma ama-kilowatts (kW). Amapulazi amakhulu noma izingadi zidinga abalimi abanezilinganiso zamandla aphezulu kunamapulazi aphakathi nendawo noma amancane noma izingadi.
Nansi indlela yokukhetha umlimi ngokuya ngosayizi womhlaba kanye nesilinganiso samandla:
| Usayizi womhlaba | Isilinganiso samandla |
| Ngaphansi kwamahektha ayi-10 | 1.3 hp noma 500-2,000 watts |
| 10 kuya ku-20 amahektare | 5-6 hp noma 2,000-3,000 watts |
| Ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-20 | 6-7 hp noma 4,000-5,000 watts |
Ububanzi bokusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza
Ububanzi bokusebenza noma ukusika komlimi bubhekisela kububanzi bendawo angakwazi ukuyihlanganisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abalimi abanobubanzi obubanzi bokusebenza bangafaka umhlabathi omningi ngesikhathi esincane futhi bakhulise ukukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, kungaba nzima ukuhamba ezindaweni eziqinile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalimi abanobubanzi obuncane bokusebenza abakwazi ukumboza umhlabathi ngokushesha, kodwa bafaneleka kangcono ezindaweni eziqinile.
Njengomthetho wesithupha, izingadi ezincane noma imibhede ephakanyisiwe idinga abalimi abane- ukusebenza ububanzi 20-40 cm, kuyilapho amapulazi amakhulu adinga abalimi abanobubanzi bokusebenza obungama-70-100 cm.
Ukujula kokulima
Ukushona komlimi noma ukujula kokusebenza kubonisa ukuthi angamba ajule kangakanani emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile, ukujula kokulima kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-35 cm. Ukujula okufanelekile kokulima kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenhlabathi nesitshalo.
Umhlabathi osindayo njengobumba nezitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile udinga abalimi abanokulima okujulile okungama-30 kuya ku-35 cm. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlabathi engashoni njengesihlabathi nezitshalo ezinezimpande ezingashoni idinga abalimi abanokulima okungajulile okungama-10 kuya ku-15 cm.
Nansi isiqondiso sokukhetha abalimi kuye ngokujula kokulima, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, nesitshalo.
| Ukujula kokulima | Uhlobo lomhlabathi | Khulisa |
| 10 kuya ku-15 cm | Inhlabathi ekhanyayo, enesihlabathi | Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezingajulile, isb, ulethisi, ukholifulawa, neklabishi |
| 15 kuya ku-25 cm | Umhlabathi osindayo ngokusesilinganisweni | Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile, isb, uphizi, izaqathi, nobhontshisi |
| 30 kuya ku-35 cm | Inhlabathi enzima, enobumba | Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezijulile, isb, utamatisi, i-asparagus, namathanga |
Iwaranti
Iziqinisekiso ziyahlukahluka kumkhiqizi womlimi oyedwa komunye. Lapho uhlola iziqinisekiso ezinikezwa abakhiqizi abahlukene, cabangela ubude besikhathi sewaranti, amaphutha noma ukungasebenzi kahle okumboziwe, nanoma yiziphi izixwayiso.
Nakuba abanye abakhiqizi bengase banikeze amawaranti agcwele ahlanganisa konke ukulungisa nezingxenye, abanye bangase banikeze iziqinisekiso ezinomkhawulo ezingafaki ukulungisa futhi ezingafaki izingxenye ezithile.
Abalimi bawo wonke amapulazi noma ingadi
Ukukhetha imishini yokulima efanele kubalulekile ekugcineni ipulazi elichumayo noma ingadi. Ngokucabangela izici ezifana nohlobo lwemoto yomlimi, isilinganiso samandla, ububanzi bokusebenza, nokujula kokulima, unganikeza amakhasimende abalimi abafanele izidingo zabo.
Hlola Cooig.com kubalimi abahlukahlukene bezingadi noma amapulazi amancane, aphakathi nendawo namakhulu.
