Amaloli ezimayini, noma amaloli amakhulu okulahla imfucumfucu ayimishini eqinile esebenza kanzima amatshe anyakazayo nomhlaba ukusuka kwenye indawo ngezindawo ezinkwalini nasezimayini. Le mishini yempilo ende nedingeka kakhulu iza emakethe yamasekeni. Uma zigcinwe kahle, zingaba ukuthenga okuhlakaniphile kunomshini omusha. Lesi sihloko sihlola ububanzi bokusetshenziswa yezimayini amaloli atholakalayo emakethe ye-inthanethi futhi iphakamisa izindawo ezibalulekile okufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yamaloli ezimayini asetshenzisiwe
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaloli asetshenziswa ezimayini atholakalayo?
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uthenga iloli lezimayini eselisebenzile
Imicabango yokugcina
Imakethe yamaloli ezimayini asetshenzisiwe
Imakethe yezimayini iqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko isidingo somhlaba wonke samaminerali, izinsimbi, amatshe namalahle, nezinye izinto zokwakha ezidingekayo njengesihlabathi namatshe. Kulindeleke ukuthi uthole izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika 6.7% ukusuka enanini lika-2023 lika-$2145.1 billion kuya $ 2775.5 billion nge-2027. Ngaphakathi kwaleyo makethe, isidingo somhlaba wonke samaloli ezimayini ukuthutha lezo zinto senziwa a I-CAGR cishe ye-4.8% kuya ku-2027.
Ukukhangwa kweloli lezimayini eselike lasetshenziswa kunelisha, kulula nje, yizindleko eziphansi. Ukumba izinkwali kanye nokusebenza kwezimayini kudinga i-hardware eningi, ngakho-ke ukusika izindleko noma yikuphi lapho kunokwenzeka khona kuyafiseleka. Amaloli ezimayini ayimishini engaxakile uma kuqhathaniswa, ngakho uma egcinwe kahle, amaloli asetshenzisiwe angaba ukuthengwa okuhle.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaloli asetshenziswa ezimayini atholakalayo?
Amaloli amakhulu ezimayini, aziwa nangokuthi amaloli okulahla, amaloli, amaloli athwala impahla, noma amaloli enkwali, aklanyelwe ukumba izinkwali ezisindayo kanye nemisebenzi yokwakha. Bahambisa isamba esikhulu sezinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze zilayishwe kwenye indawo, ngokuvamile ngokuphakamisa 'ibhokisi lokulahla' ngamanzi ukuze baveze izinto. Uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu iloli elikhipha ingemuva, esebenzisa inqama edonsa amanzi ukuze iphushele izinto ngemuva. Lezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile zinendawo ephansi ye-gravity kunamaloli e-tipper, ngakho azinzile endaweni engalingani.
Amaloli angakwazi ukufakwa i-chassis noma acaciswe, angafaka ama-ekseli amaningi, futhi angaba namasondo angu-10-12, anosayizi bamathayi aphindwe kabili ubude bomuntu omdala omaphakathi. Amaloli amancane angase akwazi ukusebenza emigwaqeni yomphakathi angaba nesisindo esingamathani angu-30 kuya kwangu-80, kodwa amaloli amakhulu ezimayini, abizwa ngokuthi ama-ultra trucks, asetshenziswa ngaphandle komgwaqo futhi angafinyelela amathani angaphezu kuka-400. ICaterpillar isanda kuhlola ngempumelelo iloli likagesi elisebenza ngebhethri, kodwa okwamanje amaloli atholakala emakethe yemishini esetshenzisiwe asebenzisa izinjini zikadizili, ikakhulukazi ngesitifiketi se-Euro 2, 3, noma 4.
Isigaba esilandelayo sibheka ezinye izibonelo zamaloli ezimayini angamasekeni atholakala emakethe ye-inthanethi, anesisindo esisuka kumathani angama-30 kuye kwangama-400, kanye ne-chassis engaguquki noma ecacisiwe.
Amaloli okulahla amathani angama-30-80
Anezinhloso eziningi futhi maningi, amaloli atholakala kulolu hlu asetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yokwakha njengasezimayini ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bafaneleka ukuba semgwaqeni ngama-axle angu-2-3 kanye ne-chassis engaguquki, nakuba ezimbalwa kushiwo. Lawa amaloli asebenzisa ama-hydraulic tippers.
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: 10-15 amathani I-axle: 10 wheel Idizili (Euro 2) Amandla: 350-450 hp Umthamo 21-30 amathani Intengo: $19,000 |
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper I-ekseli: Amasondo angu-6 acacisiwe Idizili (Euro 3) Amandla: 350-450 hp Umthamo amathani angama-30 Intengo: $60,000 |
 | Unyaka: NA Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-30 I-axle: 10 wheel Idizili (Euro 3) Amandla: 350-450 hp Umthamo amathani angama-50 Intengo: $49,200 |
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-73 I-ekseli: Amasondo angu-10 acacisiwe Idizili (Euro 2) Amandla: 500 hp Umthamo amathani angama-50 Intengo: $16,000 |
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-40 I-axle: 4 wheel Idizili (Euro 4) Amandla: 1341 hp Umthamo amathani angama-60 Intengo: $200,000 |
 | Unyaka: 2019 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-25 I-axle: 10 wheel Idizili (Euro 2) Amandla: 350-450 hp Umthamo amathani angama-70 Intengo: $23,161 |
Amaloli okulahla amathani angama-80-100
Ngaphezulu komthamo wamathani angama-80, lamaloli amakhulu iningi lawo awakho emgwaqeni futhi enzelwe izinkwali nezindawo zezimayini. Azikho izinketho eziningi zamasekeni ezitholakalayo kulesi sigaba sikasayizi, futhi amanani aqala ukudlulana namamodeli amasha emikhiqizo eshibhile. Amaloli amaningi alo sayizi ane-ekseli eyodwa ngaphambili nangemuva, anamasondo amane kwi-asi yangemuva, kodwa anamathayi anosayizi omkhulu ngaphambili nangemuva.
 | Unyaka: NA Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-32 I-axle: 10 wheel Idizili (Euro 3) Amandla: 500 hp Umthamo amathani angama-90 Intengo: $42,050 |
 | Unyaka: 2010 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-72.6 I-axle: 6 wheel Idizili (Euro 2) Amandla: 1200 hp Umthamo amathani angama-91 Intengo: $185,000 |
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-39 I-axle: 6 wheel Idizili (Euro 3) Amandla: 250-350 hp Umthamo amathani angama-100 Intengo: $110,000 |
Amathani angaphezu kuka-100
Amaloli amakhulu kakhulu 'ama-ultra trucks' aqala ngaphezu kwamathani ayi-100 futhi angafinyelela umthamo wamathani angu-400. Lena imishini ekhetheke kakhulu esetshenziselwa imisebenzi emikhulu yezimayini nokumba izinkwali futhi kubiza ukuthenga emisha, eminingi edayisa ngaphezu kuka-USD 1 million. Aziziningi emakethe yamasekeni njengoba zisetshenziswa kakhulu kusukela kwezintsha, bese zigcinwa zilungiswa iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ambalwa ama-brand akhiqiza osayizi abaphezulu, njenge-Caterpillar.
 | Unyaka: 2012 Uhlobo: Dumper Isisindo: amathani ayi-846 I-axle: 6 wheel Idizili (Euro 4) Amandla: 2412 hp Umthamo amathani angama-256 Intengo: $200,000 |
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uthenga iloli lezimayini eselisebenzile
Amaloli ezimayini awahlukile kakhulu ngesakhiwo kunoma yiliphi elinye iloli elisebenzayo, ngaphandle kwesikali esikhulu, ngakho-ke izindawo okufanele zihlolwe zizojwayeleka komakhenika abaningi. Lawa maloli aphila impilo emagebhugebhu ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinosawoti nezinothuli, futhi lezi zici zingathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomshini, ezidinga ukugxila okwengeziwe ukuze zihlolwe. Ukuthenga iloli elisetshenzisiwe ku-inthanethi ngeke kuyitshele yonke indaba, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kubalulekile. Nazi izindawo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzihlole:
Ukuhlolwa okuku-inthanethi nokomzimba
Umbono wokuqala uzovela kulokho okungabonwa, ezithombeni nasendaweni. Ingabe umshini ubukeka usesimweni esihle? Izithombe eziningi eziku-inthanethi zibonisa imishini engcolile, ngakho bhekisisa. Ingabe kubukeka sengathi ukungcola kufihla okuthile? Ingabe zikhona izimpawu zokugqwala noma upende onamabhamuza? Ingabe kukhona imifantu ebonakalayo noma amazinyo? Hlola i-cab, chassis, kanye nebhokisi lokulahla. Umshini oqinile ungalindelwa ukuthi uthathe ukungqongqoza nokuklwebheka ukuze lokhu kungabonisi isimo esibi. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi womzimba ohlaziywe kabusha ungase ubonise ukuthi umonakalo umboziwe. Futhi, izimpawu ze-welding zingabonisa ukulimala kwangaphambili kwesakhiwo kanye nobuthakathaka.
Buyekeza umlando wokulungisa
Othulini nosawoti wendawo yokumbiwa kwenkwali noma yezimayini, izinhlayiya zingabhajwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zemishini futhi zingabangela ukuguga nokuwohloka kalula. Izihlungi zomoya ikakhulukazi ziyavinjwa njalo. Amarekhodi okunakekela azobonisa ukuthi iloli lalihlinzekwa kaningi kangakanani, yiziphi izinkinga ezalungiswa, nokuthi kwashintshwa kangaki uwoyela nezihlungi. Uma kukhona noma yimaphi amarekhodi okushintshwa kwezingxenye ezinkulu, hlola ukuthi izingxenye zekhwalithi zisetshenzisiwe yini nokuthi kube khona ukuphindeka.
Hlola injini
Qala injini bese ushayela iloli phambili nangemuva. Hlola izimpawu zokuvuza, ukungqongqoza, noma ukwahlulela enjinini, futhi ubheke izimpawu zentuthu ephuma kumshini wokukhipha umoya. Izinjini eziningi zamaloli amadala ezimayini zingaba yi-Euro 2 noma i-Euro 3 eqinisekisiwe, nakuba ezimbalwa ziyi-Euro 4, ikakhulukazi amamodeli weCaterpillar. Hlola ukukhishwa kwenjini ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-exhaust isengaphakathi kwebanga. Uma uthenga imakethe yase-US noma yase-Europe, qinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ihlangabezana nezidingo zasendaweni.
Hlola ikhumbi yomshayeli
Iloli lezimayini alinayo imisebenzi eminingi ngaphandle kokushayela, ngaphandle kokuphakamisa nokwehlisa ibhokisi lokulahla. Hlola ikhebhu, izihlalo, nezicabha namafasitela. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, hlola ukuthi isiteringi asinakho yini ukudlala ngokweqile, amaphedali abushelelezi futhi awagqoki kakhulu, futhi zonke izinsimbi nezikali ziyasebenza.
Hlola ibhokisi lokulahla ama-hydraulics
Hlola ukuthi izilawuli zokulahla zisebenza kahle yini, phakamisa futhi wehlise ibhokisi lokulahla, futhi uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwama-hydraulic. Hlola amasilinda kanye nezinduku ezisebenza nge-hydraulic ukuze kubonakale umonakalo kanye nezibazi ezingabonisa izinhlayiya ezibambeke ekunyakazeni. Hlola ukuthi amapayipi aqinile futhi awavuzi.
Hlola amathayi no-chassis
Bheka isimo sethayi ukuthi aligugile yini noma liqhekekile. Noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga okungalingani zingabonisa inkinga yokuqondanisa. Futhi, hlola ukuthi amarimu amasondo nama-ekseli asesimweni esihle yini. Okulandelayo, hlola i-chassis eyinhloko kanye nezinsimbi zozimele zeloli.
Noma yikuphi ukugoba okuya phansi noma ukuhlehla kungabonisa ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ukugobela phezulu noma ukugoba kungabonisa ukuthi iloli belishayelwa ngebhokisi lokulahla eliphakanyisiwe kodwa elilayishiwe. Uma iloli line-chassis ecacile, hlola ukuthi isiteringi esicacile sihamba kahle, futhi uhlole amalunga, ama-bushings, nezikhonkwane zigcotshwe kahle.
Imicabango yokugcina
Noma ngabe yiziphi izidingo, ukuthenga amaloli aseseke ku-inthanethi kusazodinga ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa ukuthengwa. Okokuqala futhi ku-inthanethi, umthengi kufanele acele izithombe eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka nawo wonke amarekhodi okulungisa. Khona-ke, kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela ngokomzimba. Bheka umphakeli onganikeza iwaranti enwetshiwe, ukubuyisela, noma ukumiselela. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nobubanzi bamaloli ezimayini asetshenzisiwe atholakalayo, bheka Cooig.com umbukiso.
