Iyini Isitsha Se-Reefer?

Siyazi kakade ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwemboni yezempilo yomhlaba wonke kanye nemithetho eqinile yebanga lomphakathi ebekwe ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni yamuva nje kudale umthelela omubi emnothweni womhlaba. Eqinisweni, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ka-2022, i-IMF ibuyekeze isibikezelo sokukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke sika-2023 ukuze sehle ngo-0.5% uma siqhathaniswa no-2022, silindele u-2.7% esikhundleni salokho.

Nokho umthelela onjalo usobala ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokuthutha nowokuhlinzeka ngempahla ophethe isivinini kanye nesikhathi ngenxa yakho konke ukuvalwa kwamachweba amakhulu okuhlala isikhathi eside noma okuphakathi noma ukuvalwa kwesikhashana eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Yize iningi labangenisa impahla ngaphandle kanye nabathumela kwamanye amazwe bathola ukusilela emuva kanye nokubambezeleka okukhulayo njengephupho elibi, abathumeli bezinto ezibolayo nezithembele kumazinga okushisa noma ezinye. izinto ezingase zidinge isiqandisi unesizathu esengeziwe sokukhathazeka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zimpahla azigcini nje ngokuzwela kakhulu isikhathi kodwa futhi zibeka phambili ubusha ngaphezu kwakho konke.

Bheka futhi iziqukathi yimpendulo eseduze kakhulu yokuhlinzeka abathekelisa nabathumela ngaphandle ukuthula kwengqondo kulokhu kuthunyelwa okuncike esikhathini namazinga okushisa. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ukuthi siyini, ukuthi isitsha se-reefer sisebenza kanjani, izingxenye zaso, nezinhlobo, okuhle nokubi, amathiphu okusetshenziswa, kanye namazinga entengo.

Okuqukethwe
Yini isitsha se-reefer?
Yini engingayithumela ngesiqukathi se-reefer?
Izinhlobo ze-reefer container
Sisebenza kanjani isitsha se-reefer?
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwesiqukathi se-reefer
Amathiphu mayelana ne-reefer stowage
Zibiza malini iziqukathi ze-reefer?
Isiphetho

Yini isitsha se-reefer?

Isitsha se-reefer, esivame ukwaziwa nangokuthi isitsha esiqandisiwe, siyisitsha esigcina impahla yaso ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwayo, elihlanzekile. Iziqukathi ze-reefer zibalulekile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke kwazo zombili izinto ezidliwayo ezifana nokudla (imifino, izithelo ezintsha, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, nezilwane zasolwandle, njll.) kanye nezingadliwayo njengemithi ethile nemikhiqizo yezimonyo.

Yini engingayithumela ngesiqukathi se-reefer?

Nakuba iziqukathi ze-reefer zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha ukudla, empeleni zisetshenziselwa ukuthumela ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezimpahla. Cishe noma yini ebolayo, noma yini engezwani nezinga lokushisa noma engase ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa noma izinguquko zegesi ifanele ukugcinwa ngaphakathi kweziqukathi ze-reefer. Ake sibheke izimpahla ezilandelayo ezivame ukugcinwa ezitsheni ze-reefer.

1. Ukudla nesiphuzo: Imikhiqizo yobisi, izithelo, nemifino, uphuzo oludakayo, iwayini, ukudla kwasolwandle kanye nenyama nezinkukhu ezinye zokudla neziphuzo ezibolayo kakhulu okumelwe zigcinwe ezingeni lokushisa elilawulwayo kanye nomoya.  
2. Iyabhubha imikhiqizo: Izimbali, izitshalo ezithile, nemithi kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezimonyo nobuhle.
3. Imishini ethize: Ukugcinwa kwezinto zokusebenza ezihlanganisa amakhemikhali athile kungase kube ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushisa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu maqondana nemishini ethile yezimboni noma ngisho nempahla yezempi.

Izinhlobo ze-reefer container

Iziqukathi ze-Reefer ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngokuvumelana nezici zazo ezilawulwayo ezilawula izinga lokushisa kanye nekhono lokuzenzakalela. Nazi iziqukathi ezintathu ze-reefer ezitholakala kakhulu emakethe:

1. I-reefer evaliwe: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu noluyisisekelo lwesiqukathi se-reefer, esenziwe ngodonga lwangaphambili oluhlanganisiwe futhi luqukethe iyunithi yokupholisa nokushisisa eyakhiwe ngogesi wonke.
2. I-MA/CA reefer container: I-Modified/controlled atmosphere (MA/CA) iyisinyathelo esikhuphukayo ukusuka ku-reefer evaliwe ngenxa yesici sayo esithuthukisiwe sokwahlukanisa, esibalulekile ekudaleni umoya ozinzile, ongaguquguquki ukuze kuzuzwe ukulingana okufunayo okufana nokucaciswa kokuqukethwe. Indawo engaguquki iyafezeka ngokuthumela isistimu yokushintshisana komoya ukuze igcwalise umoya-mpilo olahlekile.
3. I-AFAM isitsha se-reefer: Isitsha sokulawula umoya ohlanzekile (AFAM) reefer, njengoba negama laso lisho, sizenzakalela ngokugcwele okuhlanganisa nomthetho wokugeleza komoya. Ukulungiswa kwezinga lokunikezwa komoya omusha kufinyelelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezinzwa ezihlukene. Impilo yeshelufu yezimpahla ezingaphakathi kweziqukathi inwetshwa ngokusebenzisa ukulawula okuqondile phezu kokwakheka komoyampilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Isitsha esinjalo esizenzakalelayo se-reefer sibonwa njengohlobo oluthuthuke kakhulu ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye ne-automation ephezulu eza nayo.

Sisebenza kanjani isitsha se-reefer? 

Iziqukathi ze-Reefer zifakwe iziqandisi zangaphakathi nezisetshenziswa zokungenisa umoya ezilawula izinga lokushisa nokugeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi. Ukungenisa umoya komoya kuwumsebenzi obalulekile phezu kwesici esiqandisiwe nesipholile, ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa kwezithelo nemifino ethile, okumele ikhiphe. igesi ebizwa ngokuthi i-ethylene, okuqinisa inqubo yokuvuthwa. Ukungena komoya okunjalo kungaqinisekisa ukujikeleza komoya okulingana nokwanele ukuvimbela inqubo yokuvuthwa ngokweqile.

Ngaphezulu kwemishini yokupholisa kanye neyokungenisa umoya, ukwakheka kwaphansi kwesitsha se-reefer ngokuyisisekelo kuyasihlukanisa kwezinye iziqukathi ezijwayelekile, ngoba phansi kwaso sinebha ye-aluminium emise okwe-T eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvumela ukugeleza komoya phansi futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhuthaza ukujikeleza komoya ukupholisa impahla kusukela phansi, isiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingaguquki ngaphansi komthwalo. Indlela yokupholisa ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi iphinda yonke inqubo yokugeleza komoya omusha okuqhubekayo.

Ezinye izilungiselelo ezimbili ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni okubushelelezi kwesiqukathi se-reefer amasistimu okukhipha amanzi kanye nokuswakama. Isistimu yokukhipha amanzi esitsheni se-reefer isiza ukuqeda noma iyiphi imfucuza enqwabelene ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwamanzi, kuyilapho isistimu yokuswakama igcina izinga lomswakamo lisezingeni elingaguquki, elidingekayo ngokuhambisana nezicaciso zempahla. Konke lokhu kwenziwa kwenzeke ngosizo lwesistimu yokunciphisa umswakama onciphisa inani lomswakama emoyeni.  

Isethi yejeneretha noma i-Genset ingenye ingxenye evamile yesiqukathi se-reefer.Kufanele ixhunywe kumthombo kagesi futhi ingasebenza kuphethiloli uma isendleleni noma kuncike ekunikezeni amandla omkhumbi ngesikhathi sokuthutha impahla olwandle. I-clip-on Gensets enamathiselwe ohlangothini noma engxenyeni engaphambili yesiqukathi kanye nama-Gensets angaphansi alingana ngaphansi kwe-chassis yesiqukathi yizinhlobo ezimbili ze-Gensets ezisetshenziswa ezitsheni zokuthola kabusha.

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwesiqukathi se-reefer

Izinzuzo zesitsha se-reefer

1. Isitoreji esivumelana nezimo: Iziqukathi ze-Reefer zitholakala ngobukhulu nosayizi abaningi, okuzenza zifanelekele izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuhamba (umoya, ulwandle, nomhlaba). Ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka futhi ukuhlukanisa isitsha se-reefer sibe izingxenye ezihlukene zokugcinwa kwempahla ehlukahlukene ezindaweni eziningi zokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvunyelwe ukuhlaliswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwesitsha esisodwa.
2. Isandiso esivumelana nezimo: Njengoba isiqukathi se-reefer ngokwaso sidala indawo enesiqandisi esihlome ngokuphelele futhi singagcina izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo ngesikhathi esisodwa, ilungiselelo lokulondoloza elibandayo alidingeki lapho ufika endaweni oya kuyo. Lokhu kunikeza isandiso sempilo yeshelufu esiguquguqukayo sazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezintsha eziza kuqala.
3. Ukuthunyelwa okuvumelana nezimo: Awukho umkhawulo mayelana nezinketho zenkampani yenethiwekhi njengoba isiqukathi se-reefer singathunyelwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkampani zenethiwekhi njengoba sihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuze sisebenze ezimweni zezulu ezihlukahlukene ezinzima. 

Ububi besitsha se-reefer

1. Intengo ye-LTL: Ngenxa yezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezinga lokushisa nomoya wokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukene, ukuthutha okungaphansi kweloli (i-LTL) ngeziqukathi ze-reefer kungaba inselele njengoba kungase kube nzima ukuhlanganisa izimpahla ezihlukene ezinemfuneko efanayo esitsheni esisodwa. Lokhu kuvame ukuholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa isidingo esiphezulu samanje seziqukathi zokuphinda zifakwe kabusha ngenxa yemvuselelo eqhubekayo kusukela ekuwohlokeni komnotho emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
2. Indaba yemishini: Ngokungafani neziqukathi ezivamile ezomile eziqukethe kuphela izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezincane njengophahla nezindonga, iziqukathi ze-reefer zineziqandisi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kanye nemishini elawulwa izinga lokushisa lokujikeleza komoya. Izinkinga ezivamile zemishini yesiqandisi efana namakhoyili e-condenser awonakele, uketshezi olupholisayo noma izinhlobo zikawoyela wenjini zokuvuza okuwuketshezi, noma ngisho nama-chute avinjiwe, njll. kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kweshejuli yokulungisa efika ngesikhathi.
3. Indaba yesikhala: Okunye okungalungile kweziqukathi ze-reefer nakho kuhlobene nesistimu yazo yemishini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Njengoba wonke ama-insulation kanye nezinhlelo zokuqandisa kalula zithatha ingxenye enkulu yendawo yangaphakathi, indawo yayo etholakalayo iyancipha kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neziqukathi ezomile. Udonga olujiyile kanye nobukhulu beminyango emincane ngenxa yemvelo yokufaka i-insulation nakho kuvame ukwengeza osizini bokulinganiselwa kwayo kwesikhala.

Amathiphu mayelana ne-reefer stowage

Nawa amanye amathiphu okusiza ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele iziqukathi ze-reefer:

1. Lungiselela: 

• Ukupholisa ngaphambili impahla uma kudingeka. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isistimu yesiqandisi etholakala esitsheni se-reefer yakhelwe ukugcina izinga lokushisa elithile kodwa hhayi ukuguqula izinga lokushisa lokuthunyelwa libe sezingeni elifanele.
• Hlola futhi usethe kusengaphambili izinga lokushisa, ukucwiliswa kwamanzi, nezilungiselelo zokungenisa umoya ngokuya ngemininingwane yokuthunyelwa.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimpahla zipakishwe kahle futhi zivikelekile.

2. Gwema: 

• Ukugcina izimpahla phezu komugqa wokulayisha omisiwe nanoma yikuphi ukupholisa kwangaphambili kweziqukathi ze-reefer ngaphandle kwalapho kumhubhe obandayo ongangenisi umoya. 
• Noma yikuphi ukuvaleka kokugeleza komoya okungaba khona kufanele kusingathwe kahle, okuhlanganisa nokubheka umkhiqizo ukuze kugwenywe ukupakishwa okuminyene kakhulu. 
• Futhi, gwema ukugcina noma yiziphi izikhala phakathi kweminyango nama-pallets. Kunalokho, kufanele ivalwe ngekhadibhodi noma ngisho ngokhuni ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuqhubeka nokujikeleza komoya ofudumele eduze kweminyango, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe ukuvinjwa kokugeleza komoya.

Zibiza malini iziqukathi ze-reefer?

Ngokuvumelana ne izindaba zemboni, e-US, umehluko phakathi kwezindleko zempahla yesitsha samafidi angama-40 nesiqukathi esomile esilingana no- $2500 ngo-2021, kodwa igebe lentengo phakathi kwalokhu kokubili liye lenyuka ngokuphawulekayo lafinyelela cishe ku-80% ngo-2022 laya cishe ku-$4300 esikhundleni salokho. 

Lokhu kuhambisana nenkomba yentengo yezimpahla zekhonteyina ye-reefer ebikwe yikota yesithathu ka-2022, ehamba ngaphezudlwana kuka-$5000 ngesitsha esisodwa esingu-40ft sikasayizi we-reefer. Yize izinga lokukhula konyaka nonyaka lamazinga e-reefer container rates ngo-2022 lenyuke cishe ngo-50.4%, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lama-reefer container kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle ngo-2023 ngokusekelwe umhlinzeki wocwaningo okhethekile emkhakheni wemikhumbi.

Isiphetho

Ukubaluleka kweziqukathi ze-reefer ekuqinisekiseni ukulethwa kokudla okonakalayo kanye nazo zonke ezinye izimpahla ezizwelayo kukushisa bekulokhu kuchuma futhi kukhula ngemva kokusimama komnotho womhlaba okukhuphula kancane kancane izimfuno zezokuthutha nezokuhlinzeka. Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo ngokungangabazeki kubathengisi bezitolo ukuba baqonde kahle incazelo yeziqukathi ze-reefer, izinhlobo zazo ezifanele, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, izingxenye ezibalulekile ezihilelekile, izinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi, amathiphu okuthunyelwa, namazinga entengo emakethe asebenzayo. Vakashela U-Cooig Uyafunda ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uthole isibuyekezo esivamile senqwaba yama-athikili amasha njalo ngeviki ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwamagama ezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nemibono yokuthenga iwholesale.

Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Cooig.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.