Kusukela olimini olujwayelekile lomhlaba wonke kuye kuphrothokholi yenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, umhlaba uguquguquka njalo ukuze uthole indawo efanayo phakathi komehluko wokushintshisana ngolwazi olusheshayo, olulula, nolusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukutholakala kwezindlela nezinhlelo ezehlukene ezijwayelekile kufakazela futhi ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungaguquki okunjalo akudluleli kuphela ekusebenzelaneni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kodwa futhi endleleni amasistimu ekhompiyutha ahlukene nezinkundla ezixhumana ngayo.
Ngendlela efanayo, I-Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) iyisibonelo esisodwa esibucayi esenza amasistimu ahlukahlukene kumanethiwekhi ezinkampani ahlukene akwazi ukuxhumana ngaphandle komthungo nangokuzenzakalelayo. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-EDI imayelana nani, izici ezibalulekile ze-EDI, ukuthi i-EDI isebenza kanjani, kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezibalulekile.
Okuqukethwe
Ukuqonda i-EDI
Ukusebenza okubalulekile kanye nezingxenye ze-EDI
Isebenza kanjani i-EDI
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EDI ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain
Ukumisa okungenamthungo
Ukuqonda i-EDI
Yini i-EDI
I-Electronic Data Interchange iyindlela yekhompuyutha evumela ukushintshana okuqondile nokuzenzakalelayo kwamadokhumenti ebhizinisi phakathi kwabalingani ababili abahwebayo ngokusekelwe kufomethi esezingeni. Ngokusebenzisa i-EDI, cishe zonke izinhlobo zemibhalo ephrintiwe ngokwesiko zingashintshaniswa ngendlela ehlelekile, kuqedwe ukucubungula okwenziwa ngesandla okunensa nokunephutha.
Izinzuzo ze-EDI
Sekukonke, ukuqaliswa kwe-EDI kuletha ukubaluleka okukhulu nokusebenza kahle kubo bobabili abalingani bokuhweba, okungahlukaniswa ngalezi zici ezintathu ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
A) Izinzuzo zezindleko kanye nokukhiqiza
Ngokushintshana ngokuzenzakalelayo kwamadokhumenti ebhizinisi abalulekile, i-EDI ithuthukisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi. Ijubane lokucubungula lithuthukisiwe kakhulu, konga kokubili isikhathi nemali obekungaya ezindlekweni ezengeziwe zabasebenzi nezokukhiqiza. Enye yezindawo ezisobala kakhulu zokonga ivela ekwehliseni izindleko zendabuko eziboshelwe emibhalweni esephepheni, njengokuyihlela, ukuyisabalalisa, ukuyigcina, nokuyihlela.
B) Izinzuzo zokusebenza nokuvikeleka
Njengoba ukusebenzisa i-EDI kunciphisa imisebenzi yokufaka idatha mathupha kumadokhumenti ahlobene, kunciphisa kakhulu amandla okuba namaphutha omuntu noma izinkinga zokunemba, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle. Njengomphumela wemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe enamaphutha ambalwa angaba khona, ubudlelwano bebhizinisi phakathi kozakwethu bohwebo bungaqiniswa. Ngenqubo ehleliwe enika amandla okwenziwayo okusheshayo nezinkonzo ezinokwethenjelwa, ezingaguquki, lokhu kuphinde kuholele ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kwamaklayenti. Njengoba yonke into yenziwa nge-elekthronikhi futhi ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso nezinqubo zomkhakha ezimisiwe, ukuphepha nobuqotho benqubo yokushintshisana ngamadokhumenti nakho kuvikelwe kakhulu.
C) Ukuziphendulela kanye nezinzuzo zokubika
Ukuguqulwa kwamadokhumenti abe amafomethi we-elekthronikhi nakho kubonisa ukubonakala nokulandeleka kwakho konke okwenziwayo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuziphendulela kwazo zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo kuyilapho kwenza izinqubo zokubika zibe lula. Omunye umthelela ophawulekayo wokukhula kokuziphendulela wukuncipha okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamaphepha, okuthuthukisa isibopho sezemvelo sabalingani bebhizinisi ekukhuthazeni ukusimama.
Ukusebenza okubalulekile kanye nezingxenye ze-EDI
Ukuze kube lula ukushintshaniswa kahle kwemibhalo yebhizinisi, i-EDI kufanele ihlanganise izici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo nezingxenye:
Ukumisa nokubusa
Njengendlela ulimi olulodwa olusetshenziswa ngayo ukuze abantu ababili baxhumane, ifomethi efanayo ibalulekile ezinkampanini ezimbili ukushintshanisa imibhalo nge-elekthronikhi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasezimbonini ezahlukene ezisebenzisa amasistimu ahlukene. Ngalesi sizathu, amazinga e-EDI ahlukahlukene ayatholakala ukuze abhekelele izidingo nemithethonqubo ethile. Noma kunjalo, emhlabeni jikelele, izindinganiso ezimbili eziphambili ze-EDI zikhona. Izinga le-ANSI X12 lisebenzela imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika, kuyilapho izinga le-EDIFACT, elinconywe yi-UN, lisetshenziswa kakhulu amabhizinisi aseYurophu. Lawa mazinga alawula ukwakheka kwemibhalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okungenazihibe nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo eqondene nesifunda ethile.
Ukuhumusha kanye ne-automation
Nakuba ukumiswa kwe-EDI kubalulekile ukuze kunikwe amandla inqubo yokushintshisana, imibhalo kufanele iqale ihunyushwe kumafomethi e-EDI asezingeni ahambisanayo. Kulapho isofthiwe yomhumushi idlala khona indima ebalulekile. Lezi zinhlelo zihambisana futhi ziqondanise izinkambu ezifanele njengamagama, amakheli, nezingxenye zezinombolo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izinhlelo zingakwazi ukuxhumana kalula. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngenxa yesofthiwe yokuhumusha neyokwenza imephu, ingxenye enkulu yale nqubo izenzekelayo, isheshisa ukuthengiselana ukuze kube nokushintshisana okushelelayo.
Ukucutshungulwa kwenqwaba kanye nomzila womlayezo
Isofthiwe yokucubungula iqoqo ku-EDI ibalulekile ekudluliselweni okuphezulu komthamo omkhulu wemisebenzi, okuvumela ukuthumela nokwamukela imibhalo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Leli khono lizuzisa kakhulu ezinkambini zentengiselwano ephezulu njengamaketango wokuhlinzeka nezinto zokuhamba, ukonga isikhathi nokusebenza njengesici esibalulekile ezisombululweni ze-EDI ezisezingeni lebhizinisi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isofthiwe yomzila womlayezo iqinisekisa ukuthi okwenziwayo kuhlungwa ngendlela efanele futhi ilethwa kubamukeli abahlosiwe ngefomethi efanele. Empeleni, ukugoqa kokucubungula iqoqo futhi kuqaqa amadokhumenti abe yizigaba ezincane, okuvumela ukuthengiselana ngesilinganiso esikhulu, kuyilapho umzila womlayezo uwaqondisa emakhelini afanelekile.
Ukuphepha nokuhambisana
Ukuphepha nokuhambisana kuyizici ezibalulekile ze-EDI. Izivumelwano ze-inthanethi ezivikelekile njenge-Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), kanye ne-AS2 ziqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwemibhalo ephephile. Lezi zivumelwano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha ehwebelana phakathi kwezinhlangano. Khonamanjalo, ukudluliswa kwe-elekthronikhi okujwayelekile, esikhundleni sephepha noma ifeksi, kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yemboni ngokunciphisa amaphutha nokunika amandla ukubikwa kwedatha okunembile, okufika ngesikhathi.
Isebenza kanjani i-EDI
Inqubo ye-EDI ivamise ukubandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo, ezihlanganisa kokubili ukuhamba komsebenzi kanye nezici ezifanele zobuchwepheshe nezigxile kunethiwekhi:
I-Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi ashintshe amadokhumenti abalulekile, njengama-invoyisi noma ama-oda okuthenga, kalula nje, ngokudala amadokhumenti ngaphakathi kwenkampani futhi akhiphe idatha efanele ezinhlelweni zawo zangaphakathi. Lawa madokhumende adinga ukushintshwa abe amafomethi edijithali, awenze alungele ukudluliswa nge-elekthronikhi.
Okulandelayo, amadokhumenti edijithali amiswa abe amafomethi afana ne-EDIFACT noma i-ANSI X12 ukuze bonke abathintekayo bakwazi ukuwafunda. Amathuluzi e-software asetshenziselwa lolu shintsho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lulungele ukudluliswa.
Uma esemisiwe, amadokhumenti athunyelwa kozakwethu bokuhweba ngezindlela ezivikelekile—lokhu kungaba ukudluliselwa kwamafayela, amasistimu asekelwe kuwebhu, noma amanethiwekhi anikeza izinsiza ezengeziwe njengokuhlola. Uma enye inkampani ithola amadokhumenti, ahunyushwa abuyiselwe kumafomethi ahambisana namasistimu ayo.
Amadokhumenti abe eselungele ukucutshungulwa, okuvamise ukubandakanya ukubuyekezwa kolwazi olubalulekile noma ukucupha isenzo esithile. Isibonelo, endabeni yedokhumenti ye-oda lokuthenga, lesi sinyathelo singase sifake ukubuyekezwa okuzenzakalelayo kwamaleveli we-inventory, ukukhiqiza i-oda lomsebenzi, noma ukuhlela ukulethwa. Ekugcineni, uma yonke into isicutshunguliwe, inkampani eyamukelayo ibuyisela isiqinisekiso, ivuma ukuthi yonke into ilethiwe futhi yaqondwa kahle.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-EDI ezibalulekile ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain
I-EDI ingabonwa njengomsizi ongabonakali ogcina amaketanga okunikezwayo ehamba. Uma umthumeli esebenza nenkampani yenethiwekhi, i-EDI inakekela ukuthumela yonke imiyalelo yokuthumela ngedijithali. Yonke into kusukela kumakheli okulethwa kuya emininingwaneni yokuthunyelwa idluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ingathumela izibuyekezo emuva ngaphandle kwanoma ubani odinga ukufaka idatha mathupha, ukonga amathani esikhathi nokugwema amaphutha.
Manje ake ucabange umthumeli wempahla esebenza nomthengisi wezimpahla. Kudingeka babhekane nenqwaba yamaphepha, kodwa nge-EDI, konke kwenziwa ngekhompyutha. Izikweletu zezimpahla, izimemezelo zentela—konke kuthunyelwa ngokushelela ezikhulwini zentela, kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka namaphutha. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukugcwalisa Ukuphepha Kokungenisa Kwangaphandle (ISF) ivamise ukufakwa nge-EDI ukuze idluliselwe idatha edingekayo ku-CBP. Eqinisweni, I-CBP iyakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-EDI kokufakwayo okuningi okuhlobene nokungenisa/ukuthekelisa ukuze kunikwe amandla ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okusheshayo nokunciphisa ukubambezeleka okungaba khona.
Abathengisi baphinde basebenzisa i-EDI ukuze bahlale phezulu kwe-inventory. Bathumela ama-oda ngokuqondile ezikhungweni zabo zokusabalalisa, futhi izikhungo ziphendula ngezaziso zokuthunyelwa ezivumela umthengisi azi ukuthi kufanele alindele nini ukudiliva. Lokhu kusiza ekugcineni yonke into ivunyelanisiwe, ivimbele ukushoda kwesitoko noma ukubambezeleka.
Okokugcina, abahlinzeki bezinkampani zangaphandle (3PL) nabathwali basebenzisa i-EDI ukuze balandelele ukuthunyelwa nokuhlala kushejuli. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkampanini ezizisebenzisayo ngesikhathi esifanele (JIT) ukukhiqiza, lapho isikhathi siyikho konke. I-EDI iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabahlinzeki, abathwali, nabakhiqizi kwenzeka ngokushesha, ngakho yonke into ihlala ihambisana nesidingo samakhasimende.
Ukumisa okungenamthungo
I-Electronic Data Interchange iwukushintshisana ngekhompyutha kuya kukhompyutha, noma ngokunembile, ukushintshanisa okuqondile kwesistimu nesistimu kwamadokhumenti ebhizinisi ngefomethi esezingeni eliphakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili zentengiso. Ngokuvumela ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo nokunciphisa kakhulu amandla okuba namaphutha omuntu nokungalungile kwedatha, i-EDI inikela ekongeni okubalulekile kwezindleko nokonga isikhathi, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ithuthukisa ukukhiqiza okuphelele nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhuthaza ukuziphendulela okukhulu ngokukhula kwayo nokubonakala kwayo kukho konke okwenziwayo.
Ukuqaliswa okujwayelekile kwe-EDI kuqala ngokwakhiwa kwamadokhumenti ngefomethi ye-elekthronikhi, okulandelwa ukuhumusha kwawo abe izinga elivunyelanisiwe ngaphambi kokudluliselwa eqenjini elitholayo. Ngemva kokuthola, umamukeli unikeza irisidi efanelekile, athumele idatha ehunyushwe ngokufanayo, futhi uyavuma ukuthi inqubo iqedwe ngempumelelo.
Kusukela ekwenziweni phakathi kwabathumeli nabathwali kuya ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwabathumeli bempahla nabadayisi bempahla, kanye nokumiswa okungenazihibe kanye nokushintshisana kolwazi phakathi kwabathengisi nezikhungo zokusabalalisa, i-EDI ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni okuzenzakalelayo, ukunciphisa amaphutha, ukunika amandla ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuphatha i-supply chain, kanye nokweseka imisebenzi ezwela isikhathi njengokukhiqiza okufika ngesikhathi. Lokhu kukhombisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuguquguqukayo kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene yokuphatha ukuthengwa kwempahla.
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