Uhlelo lwe-CNC lungenye yentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela bezimboni. Ezingeni eliphezulu, uhlelo lwe-CNC lunesibopho sokuphatha ukunyakaza nesivinini samathuluzi omshini asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zansuku zonke. Ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebenzi ehlukene, ngayinye inesethi yayo yamacala okusebenzisa.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uphume uyothenga uhlelo lwe-CNC lwebhizinisi lakho, kubalulekile ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene nokuthi yini eyenza ngayinye yazo ihluke. Funda ukuze ufunde konke mayelana nezinhlelo ze-CNC.
Isakhiwo somshini we-CNC
I-CNC isifinyezo seComputer Numerical Control. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zabo nokuthi zisetshenziselwa ini, imishini ye-CNC ngokuvamile inokwakheka okufanayo okujwayelekile. Nazi izingxenye ezijwayelekile zomshini we-CNC okufanele uzazi.
1. Amadivayisi okokufaka asetshenziselwa ukufaka imisebenzi eyenziwa umshini we-CNC. Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi asebenzisa okokufaka okuthathu okuhlukene: i-punch tape reader, i-magnetic tape reader, nekhompyutha ngokuxhumana kwe-RS-232-C. Lokhu kungaphansi kokuhlukahluka kuye ngezidingo ezithile zebhizinisi ngalinye.
2. Iyunithi yokulawula umshini noma i-MCY kubhekiselwa kuyo “njengenhliziyo” yomshini — ilebula elifanelekela kakhulu injongo yalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-MCY inesibopho sayo yonke imisebenzi yokulawula ekhonjiswa umshini. Ngokuvamile, i-MCY inikeza imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Funda ulwazi olunamakhodi olunikezwa ngokufaka.
- Khipha ulwazi olunekhodi.
- Sebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi, njengesu lokuhumusha elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imiyalo yokunyakaza kwe-axis.
- Thola amasignali empendulo mayelana nendawo nesivinini se-eksisi ngayinye yedrayivu.
- Sebenzisa izilawuli ezisizayo, okuhlanganisa ukupholisa, ukuvala nokuvala i-spindle, ukushintsha kwamathuluzi, nokuningi.
3. Amathuluzi omshini ayingxenye ebalulekile yamathuluzi e-CNC. Lawa mathuluzi omshini alawulwa ku-X kanye ne-Y axs, kuyilapho i-spindle ilawulwa ku-axis ye-Z.
4. Uhlelo lokushayela luhlanganisa amasekhethi amplifier, izinjini zokushayela, nezikulufu zokuhola ibhola.
5. Amasistimu wempendulo asebenza njengama-transducer noma izinzwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile. Lawa ma-transducer ahlanganisa kokubili ukunyakaza okusekelwe endaweni kanye nokusekelwe ngesivinini, futhi azinikele ekuqapheni ngokuqhubekayo isikhundla nesivinini samathuluzi okusika.
6. Iyunithi yokubonisa ibonisa yonke idatha edingekayo nemiyalo efakwa ohlelweni lokulawula.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-CNC
Inani elikhulu locwaningo nentuthuko lifakwe ezinhlelweni ze-CNC kusukela zasungulwa ngawo-1950. Lokhu kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kabanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Izinhlobo zemishini ye-CNC ziyahlukahluka emisebenzini evamile noma ngasendleleni yomsebenzi.
Kulezi zinsuku, onjiniyela bezimboni bangakhetha ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-CNC. Nazi ezimbalwa ezidume kakhulu emakethe namuhla.
1. Amasistimu we-CNC wohlobo lokunyakaza
Amasistimu e-CNC ohlobo olunyakazayo ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Amasistimu okulawula ama-contouring
Amathuluzi omshini asebenza ngendlela eqhubekayo lapho egxila khona ekusikeni izinto ezethulwa kuwo ngokulandela ikhonuyutha yawo. Imishini evamile esebenzisa amasistimu e-contouring ihlanganisa i-CNC milling, i-lathe, nemishini yomzila.
Imishini yokukhonta isebenza ngokunyakaza okulingiswayo kwethuluzi nezindawo zokusebenza. Izikhundla zakho kokubili umshini kanye nomkhiqizo zilawulwa uhlelo lokulawula.
- Amasistimu okulawula iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu
Ngezinhlelo zokulawula iphuzu-kuya-iphuzu, kokubili ucezu lokusebenza nethuluzi kugcinwa endaweni engashintshi ngenkathi ithuluzi lenza umsebenzi walo odingekayo. Imishini esebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhomba iphuzu ihlanganisa imishini yokumba, imishini yokudonsa, imishini eyisicefe, nokunye.
Ngokungazisusi izingcezu ngokungadingekile phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, le mishini iqinisekisa ukuphothulwa okuphephile nokufanelekile komsebenzi futhi inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umkhawulo wephutha.
2. Izinhlelo ze-CNC zokulawula iluphu
Amasistimu e-CNC okulawula iluphu ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezimbili ngokusekelwe kusistimu yokuluphu ehilelekile kunqubo.
- Amasistimu avaliwe
Lolu hlobo lwesistimu ye-CNC lusebenza ngenqubo lapho impendulo ithunyelwa isuka kusistimu yokulawula iye kokokufaka okuhleliwe, yingakho igama elithi "isistimu yeluphu evaliwe." Esimeni sesistimu ye-CNC esebenza ngaphansi komshini we-servo, impendulo ingalinganiswa kusetshenziswa amasistimu e-analog noma edijithali.
Amasistimu avaliwe ahlinzeka ngamazinga aphezulu wamandla nokunemba ngenxa yamakhono awo amakhulu omzila nokuqapha.
- Amasistimu we-loop evulekile
Kusistimu ye-loop evulekile, imiyalelo ithunyelwa kusilawuli ngedivayisi yokufaka. Isilawuli sibe sesiguqula imiyalelo ibe amasignali futhi sithumela amasignali kuma-servo amplifiers, wona abe esenika amandla amamotho.
3. Amasistimu we-CNC wohlobo lwe-eksisi
Lesi sigaba sichaza izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-CNC ezihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe enanini lezimbazo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo zokulawula inani lezimbazo. Nokho, lo mehluko udala ushintsho oluphawulekayo endleleni umshini we-CNC ofaneleka ngayo ebhizinisini lakho.
Ngokuvamile, inani lezimbazo emshinini wakho we-CNC liwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwezidingo zakho nalokho okulindele ohlelweni lwakho lwe-CNC. Lokhu kungaphansi kwamazinga amakhulu okuhlukahluka ngenqubo ngayinye.
- Uhlelo lokulawula ama-eksisi amabili
Imishini ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele izimbazo ezimbili kuphela. Isibonelo esihle kungaba umshini wokuthungatha, lapho umsebenzi wenziwa kuphela ezimbazweni zika-X no-Y.
- Uhlelo lokulawula ama-eksisi amabili nesigamu
Imishini inezimbazo ezintathu. Nokho, izimbazo ezintathu azikwazi ukunyakaza kanyekanye. Kusistimu yokulawula i-eksisi emibili nesigamu, i-eksisi ye-X kanye ne-Y isebenza kuqala, bese i-eksisi yesithathu iqala ukusebenza ngemva kwalokho.
- Uhlelo lokulawula ama-eksisi amathathu
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, imishini isebenza ngezimbazo ezintathu: i-X-eksisi, i-Y-eksisi, ne-Z-eksisi. Izimbazo ezintathu zisebenza kanyekanye ngamazinga aphezulu okunemba nokunemba. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu okulawula ama-eksisi amathathu anqunyelwe emisebenzini elula nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile.
- Uhlelo lokulawula ama-eksisi amane
Ngokungeziwe kuma-eksisi amathathu ajwayelekile u-X, Y, no-Z, i-eksisi eyengeziwe yokuzungezisa eyaziwa ngokuthi i-axis B isetshenziswa kule nqubo. Amasistimu okulawula ama-eksisi amane asebenzela umshini omile noma ovundlile.
- Isistimu yokulawula i-axis emihlanu
Ngokuphambene nalokho igama elikuphakamisayo, amasistimu okulawula ama-eksisi amahlanu ayimishini yama-eksisi amathathu enama-eksisi ajikelezayo engeziwe kuzikhombisi-ndlela zika-Y kanye no-Z. Lezi zimbazo ezimbili ezengeziwe zibizwa nangokuthi izimbazo zika-A no-B. Ngenxa yalezi zimbazo ezengeziwe, amasistimu okulawula ama-eksisi amahlanu athuthukise ukufinyelela kuma-undercuts namaphakethe ajulile.
Isiphetho
Kunezinto ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwe-CNC. Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lwe-CNC lwebhizinisi lakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizeni kwakho konke kanye nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke. Qiniseka ukuthi uchitha isikhathi esihle ucwaninga izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-CNC namadivayisi ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi iyiphi ozoyithola.
Umthombo ovela Accurl.
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