Esikhathini sedijithali, ama-hard drive ahlala eyisisekelo sezixazululo zokugcinwa kwedatha kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokochwepheshe. Ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bendlela asebenza ngayo nokukhetha okulungile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwakho lwekhompuyutha. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuzulazula emhlabeni wama-hard drive, ukhanyise ukusebenza kwawo, izinzuzo, kanye nendlela yokuwenza akusebenzele kangcono.
Okuqukethwe:
1. Iyini i-hard drive
2. Isebenza kanjani i-hard drive
3. Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-hard drive
4. Indlela yokukhetha i-hard drive
5. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-hard drive
Iyini i-hard drive
I-hard drive, noma i-hard disk drive (i-HDD), iyidivayisi yokugcina idatha esetshenziselwa ukugcina nokukhipha ulwazi lwedijithali kusetshenziswa idiski eyodwa noma amaningi aqinile azungezisa ngokushesha (amapuleti) ambozwe ngento kazibuthe. Lawa madivaysi ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zamakhompuyutha, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezinye izinto eziningi zikagesi ezidinga ukugcinwa kwedatha. Ama-hard drive athuthuke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusukela ekunikezeni amamegabhayithi amancane okugcina ezinsukwini zakuqala kuze kube manje ukuziqhenya ngamakhono amaterabhayithi ambalwa.
Amadrayivu kanzima ahlukaniswa kuma-solid-state drives (SSD) ngezingxenye zawo eziwumshini. Ukuba khona kwezingxenye ezihambayo—njengamadiski asotha namakhanda okufunda/ukubhala—kuwenza ahluke kuma-SSD, agcina idatha kumemori ye-flash futhi angenazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Lo mehluko oyisisekelo akuthinti kuphela isivinini nokuqina kwedivayisi kodwa futhi nokufaneleka kwayo ezidingweni zesitoreji ezihlukahlukene.
Naphezu kokukhuphuka kwesitoreji samafu nama-SSD, ama-hard drive ayaqhubeka nokubamba indawo yawo, enikeza izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Badlala indima ebalulekile ezikhungweni zedatha, amakhompuyutha edeskithophu, namadrayivu ayisipele angaphandle, ahlinzeka ngendlela ethembekile yokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha esikhathini eside.
Isebenza kanjani i-hard drive
Enhliziyweni yokusebenza kwe-hard drive yikhono layo lokugcina idatha ngozibuthe. Amapuleti angaphakathi kwe-hard drive ambozwe ngento kazibuthe futhi ahlukaniswe abe izigidigidi zezindawo ezincane, ngayinye ekwazi ukwenziwa uzibuthe ngayodwana. Lezi zindawo zimelela idatha kanambambili (0s no-1s) abakha amafayela nezinhlelo kukhompyutha yakho.
Uma idatha ibhalwa ku-hard drive, ikhanda elifundwayo/lokubhala lihamba phezu kwendawo yoqwembe ngenkathi lizungeza. Ikhanda lishintsha isiqondiso senkambu kazibuthe emkhakheni ngamunye elidlulayo, libhala ngekhodi idatha njengamaphethini okwenza uzibuthe. Idatha yokufunda isebenza kumgomo wokuthola lawa maphethini. Njengoba amapuleti ajikeleza, amakhanda afundwayo/okubhala ahamba nje ngama-nanometer ngaphezulu kwendawo, ezwa izinkalo kazibuthe ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba.
Lo mdanso oyinkimbinkimbi wamapuleti okuphotha namakhanda anyakazayo uhlelwa yi-firmware ye-hard drive, isofthiwe ekhethekile elawula ukusebenza kwehadiwe. Iphatha indawo engokoqobo yedatha, ilandelela imikhakha emibi, futhi iqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha phakathi nemisebenzi yokufunda/yokubhala. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ivumela ama-hard drive ukuthi agcine futhi afinyelele inani elikhulu ledatha ngokuthembekile, nakuba ngesivinini esihamba kancane kunozakwabo be-SSD.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-hard drive
Ama-hard drive anikezela ngenhlanganisela ephoqayo yezinzuzo eziwenza abe yinketho ekhangayo ezinhlelweni eziningi zokulondoloza. Enye yezinzuzo zabo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngegigabhayithi ngayinye, ama-hard drive ngokuvamile athengeka kakhulu kunama-SSD, okuwenza abe inketho enhle kakhulu yezidingo zokugcinwa komthamo omkhulu ngaphandle kokuphula ibhange. Futhi zaziwa ngokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside uma kuziwa ekugcinweni kwedatha, ezikwazi ukugcina idatha iminyaka noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwamandla.
Kodwa-ke, ama-hard drive awanawo ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwawo. Imvelo yabo yobumishini ibenza babe sengcupheni yokulimala ngokomzimba ngenxa yokushaqeka noma ukuwa, okungase kuholele ekulahlekeni kwedatha. Ahamba kancane futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-SSD, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini edinga ukufinyelela ngokushesha kudatha, njengokuqalisa isistimu yokusebenza noma ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hard drive adla amandla engeziwe ngenxa yezingxenye zawo ezihambayo, okungaba ukucatshangelwa kwamadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri.
Indlela yokukhetha i-hard drive
Ukukhetha i-hard drive efanele kuhilela ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezifanelana nezidingo zakho ezithile. Ikhono livamise ukukhathaza kakhulu; cabanga ukuthi ingakanani idatha oyidingayo ukuyigcina manje nasesikhathini esizayo. Isivinini, esilinganiswa ngama-revolutions per minute (RPM), sithinta ukuthi idatha ingafundwa ngokushesha kangakanani noma ibhalwe kudrayivu—i-RPM ephezulu ngokuvamile isho ukusebenza okusheshayo.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile isixhumi esibonakalayo, lapho i-SATA ivame kakhulu kumadrayivu angaphakathi, kuyilapho amadrayivu angaphandle angase asebenzise i-USB, Thunderbolt, noma uxhumano lwe-eSATA. I-Form factor nayo ibalulekile, inezinga lokushayela elingu-3.5-intshi lamadeskithophu kanye no-2.5-intshi wamakhompyutha aphathekayo. Okokugcina, ukwethembeka kanye newaranti yizici ezibalulekile, okubonisa ukuzethemba komenzi emkhiqizweni wabo.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-hard drive
Ukusebenzisa i-hard drive ngempumelelo kuhilela ukufakwa okufanele, ukulungiswa nokuphathwa. Kumadrayivu aqinile angaphakathi, qinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-motherboard yekhompyutha yakho kanye nezindawo zokushayela ezitholakalayo. Ukufaka ngokuvamile kudinga ukuxhuma idrayivu ebhodini lomama kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla kusetshenziswa izintambo ezifanele. Kumadrayivu angaphandle, ngokuvamile kulula njengokuxhuma idrayivu kukhompyutha yakho nge-USB noma esinye isixhumi esibonakalayo.
Ukugcina i-hard drive yakho kuhlanganisa ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni evamile, ukuhlukaniswa (kwama-HDD), nokuqapha izimpawu zokwehluleka, njengemisindo engavamile noma ukusebenza kancane. Ukuphatha kahle idatha ku-hard drive yakho nakho kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo nokuphila isikhathi eside, njengokuhlela amafayela kahle nokugwema ukugcwalisa idrayivu emandleni ayo, okunganciphisa isivinini sokufunda/sokubhala.
Isiphetho
Ama-hard drive ahlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yamasu okugcina idijithali, enikeza ibhalansi yomthamo, izindleko, nokwethembeka. Ukuqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zazo kanye nemikhawulo, nendlela yokukhetha nokuzisebenzisa kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinkambisweni zakho zokuphatha idatha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi, noma izikhungo zedatha, ama-hard drive ayaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esithembekile sokugcina imiqulu ekhula njalo yolwazi lwedijithali emhlabeni wethu.
