I-Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) isiphenduke isisekelo sekhompuyutha yesimanje, inika amandla yonke into kusukela emidlalweni yevidiyo ebukeka kahle kakhulu kuye ekulingiseni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwesayensi. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzohlola umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi wama-GPU, unikeze ukukhanya kokuthi asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zawo kanye nezinkinga zawo, kanye nendlela yokukhetha nokuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumthandi wegeyimu, umdali wokuqukethwe ochwepheshe, noma umane ufuna ukwazi ngobuchwepheshe obusesikrinini sakho, lesi sihloko siyisango lakho lokuqonda ama-GPU.
Okuqukethwe:
- Iyini i-GPU?
- Isebenza kanjani i-GPU?
- Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-GPU
- Ungakhetha kanjani i-GPU
- Isetshenziswa kanjani i-GPU
Yini i-GPU?
I-Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) isifunda se-elekthronikhi esikhethekile esidizayinelwe ukukhohlisa nokushintsha inkumbulo ngokushesha ukuze kusheshiswe ukudalwa kwezithombe kubhafa yefreyimu ehloselwe ukuphuma kudivayisi yokubonisa. Ngokungafani nama-Central Processing Units (CPUs), aklanyelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi eminingi eminingi yekhompuyutha, ama-GPU alungiselelwe ukucubungula okufanayo, okuwenza asebenze kahle kakhulu ekuphatheni ukubala kwezibalo okuyinkimbinkimbi okudingekayo ekunikezeni izithombe, amavidiyo, nokugqwayiza. Leli khono lokucubungula elihambisanayo futhi lenza ama-GPU asebenze kakhulu kuma-algorithms ekufundeni komshini nokuhlaziya idatha.
Ekuqaleni, ama-GPU athuthukiswa ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo sokuthembeka okuphezulu kwezithombe emidlalweni yevidiyo. Kodwa-ke, amandla abo aqashelwa kusukela emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwesayensi, lapho asetshenziselwa khona ukulingisa izenzakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, nasekudaleni okuqukethwe okuphrofeshinali, lapho asheshisa khona ukunikezwa kwevidiyo nemisebenzi yokucubungula izithombe. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe be-GPU kuholele ekudalweni kwamamodeli anamandla futhi awonga amandla, okunika amandla izithombe ezingokoqobo kanye nolwazi olushelelayo lwabasebenzisi kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi.
Isakhiwo se-GPU sakhiwe ngamakhulu noma izinkulungwane zama-cores ezingabamba izinkulungwane zemicu kanyekanye. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ku-CPU, ngokuvamile enenombolo encane yama-cores athuthukiselwe ukucutshungulwa kwe-serial okulandelanayo. Lo mehluko oyisisekelo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo uvumela ama-GPU ukuthi aphumelele emisebenzini lapho umsebenzi ofanayo wenziwa phezu kwedathasethi enkulu, okuwenza abe ingxenye ebalulekile yezindawo zesimanje zekhompyutha.
Isebenza kanjani i-GPU?
Emgogodleni wayo, i-GPU isheshisa ihluzo ezinikezwayo ngezakhiwo zayo ezihambisana kakhulu. Lesi sakhiwo sifaneleka kahle kakhulu imisebenzi engahlukaniswa ibe imisebenzi eminingi emincane, engase yenziwe kanyekanye. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza luthumela ukusebenza kwesithombe ku-GPU, umshayeli we-GPU uguqulela lokhu kusebenza kufomethi eqondwa yi-GPU. Lo msebenzi ube ususakazwa kuwo wonke ama-cores amaningi we-GPU, okuvumela ukucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo nokusheshayo kwemisebenzi yezithombe eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isakhiwo se-GPU sinezigaba eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucutshungulwa kwe-vertex, ukufiphazwa kwejiyomethri, ukufiphaza kwe-pixel, futhi ekugcineni, ukuhlanganisa okuphumayo. Isiteji ngasinye sinendima ethile ekuguquleni amamodeli we-3D nokuthungwa kube izithombe ze-2D ezibonwa esikrinini. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwe-vertex kuhilela ukubala indawo ye-vertex ngayinye endaweni ye-3D, kuyilapho ukufiphaza kwe-pixel kunquma umbala wephikseli ngayinye ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni nasezimpahleni ezibonakalayo. Le nqubo ekhetheke kakhulu inika amandla ama-GPUs ukuthi anikeze ukucaca okuphezulu, izithombe ezithembekile ngesivinini ama-CPU angakwazi ukuwafanisa.
Ngale kokunikezwa kwezithombe, ama-GPU athole indima entsha kukhompyutha yenjongo evamile, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-GPGPU (I-General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units). Ku-GPGPU, amandla okucubungula ahambisanayo e-GPU asetshenziselwa imisebenzi engeyona imidwebo, efana nokulingisa, ukuhlaziya, nokufunda okujulile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuye kwakwandisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwama-GPU, okuwenza abe yingxenye ebalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yekhompyutha esebenza kahle kakhulu.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zama-GPU
Izinzuzo zama-GPU ziningi. Ikhono labo lokusingatha imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa liyenza isebenze kahle ngendlela emangalisayo ekucubunguleni amabhulokhi amakhulu edatha, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokubala semisebenzi efana nokunikezwa kwe-3D, ukubhala ngekhodi kwevidiyo, nezibalo zesayensi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Leli khono lokucubungula elihambisanayo futhi lenza ama-GPU ithuluzi elibalulekile le-AI nokufunda komshini, lapho angaqeqesha khona amamodeli futhi acubungule amasethi edatha amakhulu ngokushesha kakhulu kunama-CPU avamile.
Kodwa-ke, ama-GPU awekho ngaphandle kokushiyeka kwawo. Enye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu izindleko zabo. Ama-GPU asebenza kahle kakhulu angabiza, awenze utshalomali olubalulekile kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo. Ukwengeza, ama-GPU adinga inani elikhulu lamandla futhi akhiqize ukushisa okuningi, okudinga izixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe kanye namandla okukhulisa izindleko zamandla. Okokugcina, ukuhlela ama-GPU kungaba nzima kakhulu kunama-CPU, kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile namathuluzi ukuze kusetshenziswe amakhono awo ngokugcwele.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-GPU
Ukukhetha i-GPU efanele kuncike ezidingweni zakho ezithile kanye nesabelomali. Kubadlali bamageyimu, ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa nezinga lozimele ohlose ukudlala kulo, kanye nezinhlobo zemidlalo oyidlalayo. Kochwepheshe ekudaleni okuqukethwe noma ucwaningo lwesayensi, kugxilwe ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha kwe-GPU namandla enkumbulo, njengoba lezi zici zithinta ngokuqondile izikhathi zokunikezela kanye nekhono lokucubungula amadathasethi amakhulu.
Uma ukhetha i-GPU, kubalulekile ukucabangela ibhalansi phakathi kwentengo nokusebenza. Ama-GPU asezingeni eliphakeme anikeza ukusebenza okungcono kodwa ngezindleko eziphezulu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ekhompyutha yakho kanye nesistimu yokupholisa ingakwazi ukusekela i-GPU, njengoba amamodeli asebenza kahle kakhulu angase adinge amandla engeziwe namandla okupholisa. Ukuhambisana ne-motherboard yakho nendawo ebonakalayo ngaphakathi kwekesi lekhompyutha yakho ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-GPU
Ukuze wandise izinzuzo ze-GPU, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifakwe kahle nokuthi abashayeli bayo basesikhathini samanje. Abashayeli isofthiwe evumela isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zixhumane ne-GPU, futhi ukuzigcina zithuthukile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nemidlalo.
Kulabo abathanda ukusebenzisa amandla e-GPU ngemisebenzi engaphezu kokudlala, njengokufunda okujulile noma ukunikezwa kwevidiyo, isofthiwe ekhethekile namalabhulali ayatholakala aklanyelwe ukusizakala ngokusheshisa kwe-GPU. Ukuzijwayeza lawa mathuluzi kanye nemithetho yekhompuyutha efanayo kungasiza ukuvula amandla aphelele e-GPU yakho.
Isiphetho: Ama-GPU aguqule isimo sekhompuyutha, enikeza ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekunikezeni kwezithombe nemisebenzi yokucubungula okufanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumdlali wegeyimu, umdali wokuqukethwe, noma umcwaningi, oqonda ukuthi ama-GPU asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zawo kanye nemikhawulo, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani futhi uwasebenzise kanjani kungathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwakho lwekhompuyutha. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, indima yama-GPU izoba maphakathi nakakhulu, iqhubekisela phambili izinto ezintsha emikhakheni eyahlukene.
