Ukuthutha ngamaloli okusebenzayo ukusuka emsuka kuya echwebeni, futhi ukusuka echwebeni kuya endaweni, kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuhamba kwemingcele.
Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo nezici ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ekuthuthweni kwamaloli okusuka kuyo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo. Ngakho-ke funda ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zakho zifika lapho ziya khona ngesikhathi futhi azinankinga.
Okuqukethwe
Amaloli: isixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwempahla
Ukuthutha kwesitsha sasolwandle
Izimpahla zomoya nezokuthutha ze-LCL
Izindleko eziguquguqukayo ekuthungeni amaloli
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile nesifinyezo
Amaloli: isixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuthuthweni kwempahla
Izinsizakalo zamaloli okuyimvelaphi nendawo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'imayela lokuqala' kanye 'nemayela lokugcina'. Ukuphatha imayela lokuqala nelokugcina ngokushesha nangempumelelo kungenza umehluko omkhulu esikhathini esiphelele sokuthunyelwa kwendlu ngendlu kanye nenani lezindleko zokuthunyelwa. Ukubambezeleka akukhulisi nje kuphela isikhathi sokuthunyelwa, kodwa futhi kwengeza ezindlekweni zokuvalelwa kweziqukathi, izindleko zechweba kanye nezindleko zokugcina.
Ngokwamagama okuthumela, imvelaphi nendawo yamaloli kubizwa ngokuthi 'inqola' noma 'i-drayage', amagama omlando asuselwa ezinqoleni ezidonswa ngamahhashi, noma amadrayi, ayesetshenziswa ukuthutha impahla ukuya nokubuya emikhunjini. Lezi ekugcineni zathathelwa indawo yizinkonzo zamaloli, kodwa imigomo imoto futhi i-drayage isele.
I-Drayage ivamise ukusho ukuthutha ngamaloli iziqukathi zempahla yasolwandle ukuya noma ukusuka ethekwini. I-Cartage ivamise ukubhekisa ekuthuthweni ngempahla ye-palletized noma okuxekethile yebhokisi lomoya noma ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Ukudonsa amanzi kanye ne-cartage akubhekiseli ezinsizakalweni zamaloli amade.
Ukuthutha kwesitsha sasolwandle
Ukuze ukuthuthwa kwempahla olwandle, izimpahla zipakishwa ezitsheni ngaphambi kokuba zilayishwe emkhunjini, ngemva kwalokho iziqukathi zingalayishwa kahle, futhi zipakishwe ngokusekelwe ohambweni lomkhumbi kanye nesimiso sokukhishwa kweziqukathi. Kodwa-ke, iziqukathi zikhawulelwe kumibandela yenkontileka yokusetshenziswa, ngakho noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka okungadingekile ekuthathweni kwesiqukathi noma ukubuyisela kuletha izindleko.
I-drayage yomsuka
Inqubo yokudonsela amanzi lapho isuka khona iqala ngokuthenga (ukukhulula) isiqukathi esingenalutho, ukupakisha isitsha endaweni yokugcina impahla yomthumeli, futhi iphethe 'ngokungena' esitsheni esilungele ukulayishwa umkhumbi.
Ukukhulula iziqukathi ezingenalutho
Isikhala sesitsha sezincwadi zomthumeli emkhunjini okhethiwe kanye nosuku lokuhamba. Umthuthi wezilwandle ube esekhipha i-Order Release Order (CRO) / Shipping Order (SO) kumthumeli, ngolwazi negunya lokuthi umshayeli weloli athathe isitsha esingenalutho.
Abathwali basolwandle bavumela isikhathi esilinganiselwe kusukela lapho isiqukathi esingenalutho sithathwa edepho kuze kube yilapho isiqukathi singena esangweni ethekwini. Kunenhlawulo yenhlawulo yezinsuku ezengeziwe lapho isiqukathi esiphethwe umthumeli, futhi lokho kubizwa ngokuthi imali yokuvalelwa.
Isitsha siyalayisha koqobo
Umthumeli ulayisha isitsha endaweni yokugcina izimpahla futhi aqedele wonke amaphepha ahlobene nokuthunyelwa. Ukulayishwa ngendlela efanele kweziqukathi kudinga ukuthi isisindo somthwalo sisabalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Kokunye ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukulayishwa kwamabhokisi kungase kuhlolwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwempahla lapho izikhulu zentela zizovala khona isiqukathi lapho silayishwa. Noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka kokungena esitsheni esisesikhumulweni kungase kungenise imali yokuvalelwa.
Isiqukathi esangweni
Uma isitsha sesilayishiwe, umshayeli weloli uhambisa isitsha esikhumulweni sokulayisha. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukungena' noma 'ukungena'. Isiqukathi siyahlolwa futhi sikalwe, futhi imibhalo iyaqinisekiswa. Okhrayini basechwebeni bapakisha iziqukathi futhi kamuva bazilayishe emkhunjini ababelwe wona.
Umthumeli wezilwandle uzobe evumelene nesikhathi esinqunyelwe sokungena esangweni no-opharetha wechweba, futhi umthumeli kufanele ahlangabezane nalowo mnqamulajuqu ukuze enze usuku lokuhamba ngomkhumbi, akhiye inani lomthwalo wempahla, futhi agweme izimali ezingadingekile zokuvalelwa kwamabhokisi. Kuyisibopho somthumeli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungena kuyaqedwa, ngokwenkontileka yenqola.
I-drayage yendawo
Inqubo yokudonsa amanzi endaweni oya kuyo iqala ngemva kokuba isiqukathi sesulile amasiko futhi sesikhishiwe ukuthi silandwe umthwali wolwandle. I-container ibe 'i-gated-out', impahla ithukululwe esitsheni lapho kuyiwa khona, bese isiqukathi esingenalutho sibuyiswa esikhumulweni semikhumbi.
Isiqukathi sangaphandle kwesango
Ngemva kokuba isiqukathi sesikhishiwe emkhunjini ofikayo, futhi ngemva kokuba konke imvume yokungenisa ezweni sekuqediwe kanye nezinkokhelo ezidingekayo, umshayeli weloli owabelwe angakwazi ukucosha isitsha esikhumulweni semikhumbi.
Endaweni yokuhlola okuphumayo, ukuhlolwa kwesiqukathi kanye nemibhalo kuyaqedwa, usuku lokuphuma kwebhokisi kanye nesikhathi kufakwa ohlelweni lwechweba, futhi umshayeli weloli angakwazi ukuhamba nesitsha. Umthumeli noma umthunywa, kuye ngenkontileka yenqola, unesibopho sokuqedela ukuphuma.
Isitsha siyalayishwa endaweni oya kuyo
Uma isiqukathi sesikhishwe ngesango, umshayeli weloli uzosihambisa ekhelini lokudiliva ukuze sithululwe. Endaweni oya kuyo, othunyiweyo uzokhipha impahla esitsheni futhi agcwalise wonke amaphepha okudiliva. Ukubambezeleka kungenzeka uma impahla yokuthulula ingekho noma uma kukhona ukushoda kwabasebenzi.
Ukubuyiswa kweziqukathi ezingenalutho
Lapho kuyiwa khona, uma isiqukathi sesehlisiwe kufanele sibuyiswe singenalutho edepho yeziqukathi zokuthutha olwandle. Isithwali solwandle sizovumela izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela ukusuka ekuphumeni kuze kufike ekubuyeni kwesiqukathi esingenalutho, noma kukhokhiswe imali yokuvalela yansuku zonke.
Izimpahla zomoya nezokuthutha ze-LCL
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla emoyeni kulayishwa endizeni kusetshenziswa idivayisi yokulayisha iyunithi (i-ULD) noma i-pallet yendiza enenethi yephalethi. Amaqembu asebenza phansi esikhumulweni sezindiza athutha impahla ayiyisa noma ayisuse endizeni, iziyise ezindaweni zokugcina kanye nakubaphathi bezimpahla ngaphakathi kwesikhumulo sezindiza. I-Cartage iqoqo kanye nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla uma sezihlukanisiwe zisuka e-ULD zaba amaphalethi, amakhreyithi, amabhokisi noma amabhokisi.
I-Cartage yomsuka
I-Origin cartage ifaka phakathi ukuthunyelwa nokuthutha ukuze ukhethe umthwalo wezindiza ishede, noma ukuhanjiswa komthwalo phakathi kwendawo yokugcina izimpahla, idepho yezimpahla, noma isikhumulo sezindiza.
Ukuthunyelwa kwephalethi
Ukuthunyelwa okunamathelayo noma izinto ezinkulu zingabekwa kumapulangwe osayizi ojwayelekile wokhuni noma epulasitiki, futhi zishwabene ukuze zivikeleke. Amaphalethi adinga i-forklift ukuze awalayishe elolini ukuze ayise endaweni yezimpahla ukuze ahlanganiswe.
Ukuthunyelwa okuxekethile
Ukuthunyelwa okuxekethile kungase kuhlanganise amabhokisi, amabhokisi nezinto ezincane ezinokwakheka okungavamile. I umdluliseli wezimpahla noma inkampani ye-express izokweluleka ngezindinganiso zabo zokupakisha. Lezi zinto ziqoqwa yiloli elincane noma iveni engase yenze izilayishi eziningana endaweni efanayo emzileni wazo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-warehouse
Endaweni yokugcina izimpahla noma isikhungo sohlobo oluphumayo, umthumeli wezimpahla zomoya uhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa okuvela kumakhasimende ahlukene, anezwe elifanayo okuyiwa kulo, kuyindiza eyodwa ULD. Lokhu kuvumela isidluliseli sempahla yomoya ukuthi sifinyelele amanani entengo aphuma kunkampani yenethiwekhi. Amasevisi aphansi abe esehambisa isiqukathi endizeni.
Ikhareji yendawo
Ikhareji yendawo ingabandakanya ukuthutha phakathi kwesikhumulo sezindiza, indawo yokugcina impahla, idepho yezimpahla, noma indawo ukuqedwa noma hlunga isikhungo, noma udilive kumuntu othunyiwe.
Ukuqedwa kwe-warehouse
Uma ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zomoya sekufikile futhi ama-ULD ehlisiwe, izinsizakalo zaphansi ziwahambisa endaweni yokugcina impahla yomthumeli wezimpahla. Ama-ULD ayathululwa futhi ahlungwe (ahlanganiswe) ukuze alethwe endaweni noma adluliselwe phambili. I-ULD kufanele ibuyiselwe kunkampani yenethiwekhi phakathi nesikhathi esivunyelwe noma se-ULD demurrage amacala akhona.
Ukuthunyelwa kwephalethi
Ukuthunyelwa okufika kune-pallet kuzokwehliswa kusuka e-ULD endaweni yokugcina impahla nge-forklift bese kulayishwa elolini ukuze ilethwe.
Ukuthunyelwa okuxekethile
Ukuthunyelwa okuxekethile kuyehliswa ku-ULD, kuhlungwe futhi kube kumzila wokulethwa. Bese zilethwa ngeloli elincane noma iveni elenza ukudiliva okuningana emzileni owabelwe ukudiliva.
Izindleko eziguquguqukayo ekuthungeni amaloli
Izindleko zamaloli zizofakwa kwikhotheshini yokuthumela evela kumthumeli wakho wezimpahla. Izindleko eziguquguqukayo zingangezwa ku-invoyisi yokugcina:
- Inkokhelo kaphethiloli iyinkokhiso embonini yamaloli esiza abashayeli bamaloli ukuthi balinganisele ukuguquguquka kwezindleko zikaphethiloli. Le nkokhelo iyahlukahluka kuye ngemakethe.
- Izimali zechweba zikhokhiswa isiphathimandla sechweba ukuze kusetshenziswe izinsiza nezinsiza zechweba, njengokulayishwa nokuthulula amabhokisi noma indawo yokugcina impahla. Izindleko zokukhipha amanzi zikhokhiswa inkampani yenethiwekhi yasolwandle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nezinsuku zamahhala lapho isiqukathi singena esangweni ethekwini. Ukuze ugweme ukukhokhiswa kwe-demurrage, isiqukathi kufanele sivalelwe ngaphakathi ngaphambi nje kosuku lokuvalwa kwembobo lapho sisuka khona, noma sikhishwe ngesango ngemva nje kokukhishwa emkhunjini.
- Izimali zokuvalelwa zikhokhiswa ulayini wokuthumela ukusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe kwesiqukathi uma singaphandle kwechweba, lapho umthumeli egcina khona isiqukathi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezivunyelwe zamahhala. Ukubuyisela isiqukathi esingenalutho kugwema ngokushesha izindleko zokuboshwa.
- Izindleko zetheminali yendiza yizinkokhiso u-opharetha wesikhumulo sezindiza azozikhokhisa ukuze abhekane nezindleko zokuphatha impahla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusebenza, nanoma iyiphi ukuphatha i-pallet.
- Izimali zokuhlanganisa ziyizindleko zezinkampani zangaphandle zokwephula isiqukathi sibe ukuthunyelwa komuntu ngamunye endaweni yokugcina impahla, ngaphambi kokuthi ukuthunyelwa kucutshungulwe futhi kuhanjiswe ngamaloli ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile nesifinyezo
Ukulandwa kwemayela lokuqala nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngamaloli lapho zisuka khona, kanye nemayela lokugcina lokuthutha nokulethwa endaweni, kungaba nomthelela esilinganisweni sesikhathi sokuthunyelwa nezindleko. Amachweba adinga abathwali nabashayeli bamaloli ukuthi balayishe futhi behlise ngokushesha nangempumelelo, noma izinhlawulo ziyabekwa.
I-drayige ne-cartage kulawulwa umthumeli wempahla, kanye nezindleko zizonke eziboniswe kwikhotheshini nenkontileka, kodwa izindleko eziguquguqukayo nezijeziso zingase zengezwe. Ukwehliswa kwesinqumo nokuboshwa ikakhulukazi kudinga ukulawulwa futhi kugwenywe uma kungenzeka ngokuhlela okuhle nokuhlela.
Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Cooig.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.
