Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlaba 2024, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) yachibiyela Izinga Lokuxhumana Lengozi (i-HCS) ukuze lihambisane Nohlelo Lwesi-7 Olubuyekeziwe Lohlelo Lwe-UN Oluvumelanayo Lomhlaba Lokuhlukaniswa Nokulebula Amakhemikhali (GHS). Isichibiyelo sihlanganisa izici ezivela ku-Edition Ebuyekeziwe yesi-8 ye-GHS futhi sigcina izimfuneko ezithile eziqondene ne-US. Umthethonqubo uqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 19, 2024, ngokuhambisana okudingekayo ngoJanuwari 19, 2026, kanye nezingxube ngoJulayi 19, 2027.
I. Ukubuyekezwa Okubalulekile Ezingozini Zezempilo
1. Ubuthi Acute
Uma ikhemikhali itholakala igqwala emgudwini wokuphefumula futhi ingase ibe yingozi, kufanele ibhalwe ukuthi inobuthi obunamandla nge-pictogram efanele kanye nesitatimende sengozi. Ukwengeza, kufanele imakwe njengokugqwala, okuhlanganisa nesitatimende esithi “ICorrosion to the breathing tract” kanye ne-corrosion pictogram.
Uma ukuhlolwa kobuthi obunamandla kubonisa ukuthi ikhemikhali iyagqwala emgudwini wokuphefumula kodwa hhayi ngendlela ebulalayo, kufanele ifakwe ngaphansi kwe-Specific Target Organ Toxicity yokuchayeka okukodwa (STOT SE 1/2, ngaphandle kweSigaba 3). Kudinga futhi ukulebula ngesitatimende esiyingozi esithi “Kugqwala emgudwini wokuphefumula uma ehogelwe,” kanye ne-pictogram yokugqwala ehambisanayo, eyihlukanisa nezigaba zobuthi obuyingozi obuvamile.
Uma ikhemikhali ingahlangabezani nemibandela ye-STOT SE kodwa ihlukaniswa njengokugqwala/ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ukulimala okukhulu kwamehlo/ukucasuka kwamehlo, hlola amandla ayo njengento egqwala yokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke, engeza isitatimende sengozi "Iyagqwala emgudwini wokuphefumula."
Lezi zibuyekezo zihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olumayelana nezingozi ezonakalisayo ludluliswa ngokucacile kubasebenzisi abangaphansi komfula, okuvumela abasebenzi nabanye ukuba bagweme izingozi ezibandakanya igesi, umhwamuko, noma ukuvuza kwenkungu.
2. I-Gem Cell Mutagenicity
Incazelo ebuyekeziwe ye-gerrm cell mutagenicity ikuchaza njengezinguquko zofuzo eziphathekayo kumangqamuzana amagciwane okubangelwa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile noma izingxube, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka okuphathekayo kanye nokuphambuka kwenombolo ye-chromosome.
3. Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwezingozi luthuthukisiwe ukuze lufake idatha yomuntu siqu ekuhloleni ubuthi obunzima.
II. Ukubuyekezwa Okubalulekile Kwezingozi Zomzimba
1. Amagesi e-Pyrophoric kanye namakhemikhali angazinzile manje abekwe ku-Flammable Gases Hazard Class 1A, nge-Class 1B esanda kusungulwa enweba ukumbozwa cishe kuwo wonke amagesi avuthayo.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kweziqhumane ezingazweli kubuyekeziwe ukuze kuhambisane ne-UN GHS Rev. 8, kwethulwa izigaba ezine.
3. Umehluko phakathi kwama-aerosol namagesi anomfutho uthuthukisiwe. Igama elithi “ama-aerosol avuthayo” lithuthukiswe laba “ama-aerosols.” Lezi manje zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusekelwe ezicini zomlilo namanani okushisa, nama-aerosol angashi ahlukaniswa njenge-Class 3.
4. I-UN GHS Rev. 8 yakamuva ihlanganisa amakhemikhali angaphansi kwengcindezi kuma-sub-class 1-3.
III. Ukubuyekezwa Okubalulekile Kwezidingo Zelebula
I-OSHA ivumela ukulebula okujwayelekile kweziqukathi ezincane ukuze kucaciswe izingozi zamakhemikhali nokuvikela kangcono abasebenzi. Ezitsheni ezifika ku-100 mL, amalebula afushanisiwe angasetshenziswa uma amalebula namalebula agoqekayo kungenakusebenza. Lokhu kufanele kufake isihlonzi somkhiqizo, i-pictogram, igama lesiginali, igama lomkhiqizi, nenombolo yocingo, enamalebula agcwele ephaketheni langaphandle. Kumaphakheji amancane kakhulu angekho ngaphezu kuka-3 mL, isihlonzi somkhiqizo kuphela esidingekayo uma amalebula ajwayelekile engavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwesiqukathi.
IV. Izibuyekezo Ezibalulekile Kumashidi Wedatha Yezokuphepha (SDS)
Isigaba sesi-2 Seshidi Ledatha Yezokuphepha (SDS) sichaza imininingwane yobungozi bekhemikhali, okuhlanganisa izingozi ezivela ezinguqukweni zomzimba ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Ngokuvumelana ne-WHMIS ye-Health Canada, Isigaba 3 sivumela ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwezigaba zokugxilisa ingqondo njengezimfihlo zohwebo, inqobo nje uma zithobela izigaba ezichazwe ngaphambilini (AM). Uma ukugxiliswa kwengxenye kugxalathelana kububanzi obubili, zombili izikhawu eziseduze zingasetshenziswa.
| A | I-0.1% - 1% |
| B | I-0.5% - 1.5% |
| C | I-1% - 5% |
| D | I-3% - 7% |
| E | I-5% - 10% |
| F | I-7% - 13% |
| G | I-10% - 30% |
| H | I-15% - 40% |
| I | I-30% - 60% |
| J | I-45% - 70% |
| K | I-60% - 80% |
| L | I-65% - 85% |
| M | I-80% - 100% |
Isigaba 8 kufanele siklelise imikhawulo yokuchayeka yezingxenye ngazinye kuzingxube, njenge-PEL ne-TLV. Isigaba 9 manje sihlanganisa okufakiwe okwengeziwe ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali njengezici zezinhlayiyana. Ngokuvumelana ne-UN GHS Rev. 7, Isigaba 11 kufanele sinikeze imininingwane ngemiphumela yokusebenzisana uma ifanelekile futhi ifinyeleleka. Uma idatha ethile yamakhemikhali ingatholakali, ukusetshenziswa kolunye ulwazi kanye nendlela yokuphuma kwayo kufanele kuchazwe.
V. Ukuguqulwa Okubalulekile Okungeziwe
1. Lesi sibuyekezo sicacisa ukuthi izingxenye eziyisicefe azikhokhiswa uma abakhiqizi noma abangenisa kwamanye amazwe benquma ukuthi azinayo ingozi engokomzimba, ubungozi bezempilo, noma ezinye izingozi ezikhona ngaphansi kwe-HCS.
2. Incazelo yothuli oluvuthayo yengeziwe, kanye nezibuyekezo ezitatimendeni zezingozi ezihlobene.
I-HCS ebuyekeziwe ibhekana nezinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwangaphambilini futhi iqondaniswe namazinga kahulumeni nawamazwe ngamazwe. I-Canada, isibonelo, ibuyekeze Imithetho Yemikhiqizo Eyingozi ukuze ihambisane ne-UN GHS Rev. 7 futhi yamukele izici ezivela kuMfu. 8. Abakhiqizi nabangenisa impahla ngaphandle kufanele banikeze idatha enemininingwane mayelana nezakhiwo nobungozi bamakhemikhali abo. Abaqashi abasebenzisa amakhemikhali ayingozi kufanele basebenzise isu lokuxhumana eliyingozi, bazise abasebenzi ngobungozi kanye nezindlela zokuvikela. Okwezinto, abaqashi badinga ukubuyekeza amalebula, izinhlelo eziyingozi, futhi banikeze ukuqeqeshwa okusha kwengozi ngomhla ka-Julayi 20, 2026. Mayelana nezingxube, lezi zibuyekezo kufanele ziqedwe Januwari 19, 2028.
Uma udinga noma yiluphi usizo noma unemibuzo, sicela uxhumane nathi ku-service@cirs-group.com.
Umthombo ovela CIRS
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