amakhemikhali

I-Canada imemezele izinguquko kuMthetho Wokubuyekezwa Kolwazi Lwezinto Eziyingozi (HMIRA).

Umnyango Wezokuvikela Imvelo Nezinsiza Zemvelo wase-Ukraine ukhiphe Isinqumo se-Ukraine REACH – “Ekuvunyweni Kwemithethonqubo Yezobuchwepheshe Yokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali” futhi uvulelwe ukuphawula kusukela ngomhla ka-22 Mashi 2024.
Uhlaka lwe-Ukraine REACH, olufana nalolo oluthunyelwe ku-World Trade Organization ngo-2023, lusungula uhlaka lomthetho wamakhemikhali wase-Ukraine futhi luhlose ukuvumelanisa imithetho ye-Ukraine yokuphepha kwamakhemikhali nezindinganiso ze-EU. Izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezingabathengi, abakhiqizi noma ezimelwe ummeleli wendawo oyedwa, izinkampani ezithengisa amakhemikhali (izinto/izingxube) emakethe yase-Ukraine, kanye nabasebenzisi abangaphansi kwalawa makhemikhali bazothinteka yi-Ukraine REACH.

Umthetho Wamakhemikhali (No 06/2007/QH12) waphasiswa iseshini yesibili yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke we-12 ngoNovemba 21, 2007, futhi uqale ukusebenza kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2008. Uye waba yisisekelo sokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali eVietnam, okubonisa isimo esithile somnotho embonini yamakhemikhali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15 yokuqaliswa okuzinzile, umthetho ukhombisile ukuqonda nokuthuthuka kwawo. Nokho, ngokushaywa koMthetho Wokuhlela, uMthetho Wokutshalwa Kwezimali, NoMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo, njll. kanye nezinguquko ohlelweni lokuphatha, imibhalo eyisiqondiso yoMthetho Wamakhemikhali iye yathinteka, yenza buthaka ukudidiyela kanye nobunye besistimu yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni kanye Nesishayamthetho Sikazwelonke banqume ukubuyekeza uMthetho Wamakhemikhali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungaguquguquki kokulawula nokusebenza kahle kokuphatha.

Ngokwesimemezelo sakamuva esivela ku-ECHA, i-Enforcement Forum izoqala ukuhlolwa okuhlobene ne-EU Poison Center Notifications (PCN) ngoJanuwari 2025. Lokhu kuhlola kuzohlala izinyanga eziyisithupha, nombiko wokugcina okulindeleke ukuthi ushicilelwe ekupheleni kuka-2025. Abahloli ngeke baqinisekise ukuthunyelwa kwe-PCN kuphela kodwa futhi nokunemba kwengxube ye-SDS yedatha ye-Safety.

IKomiti Eqhubekayo Yokubuyekezwa Kokungcola Kwezinto Eziphilayo (i-POPRC) ngaphansi kwe-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) iqalise ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kobungozi kanye nokubonisana nomphakathi nge-chlorpyrifos, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi O, O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate.

I-EPA imemezele ukuthi isiwuqedile umthetho wokulawulwa kobungozi ngaphansi kwenqubo ebuyekeziwe ekhona yokubuyekezwa kwamakhemikhali ku-Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), evimbela ukukhiqizwa, ukungenisa, ukucubungula, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-asbestos ye-chrysotile.

I-ECHA ikhiphe i-Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP) yeminyaka ka-2024-2026, ebuyekeza uhlu lwezinto ezingama-28 okusolakala ukuthi ziyingozi empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo ukuze zihlolwe yiziphathimandla ezinekhono Zamazwe Angamalungu ayi-11.

Ngomhla lu-1 kuNdasa, 2024, i-ECHA yakhipha izinto ezimbili okuhlongoziwe ukuthi zengezwe ohlwini lwabazokhethwa yi-SVHC ukuze kuboniswane nomphakathi. Amazwana amukelwa ngaphambi komhla ziyi-15 kuMbasa, 2024. I-ECHA ihlale ibuyekeza uhlu lweKhandidethi ye-SVHC kabili ngonyaka. Kuze kube manje, isamba senani lezinto ezisohlwini lwe-SVHC (okwaziwa nangokuthi Uhlu Lwabakhandidethi) selifinyelele ku-240.

NgoFebhuwari 2024, Isikhulu Sezempilo Nezokuphepha sase-UK (HSE) samemezela ukuthi usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lwazo zonke izinto ezisebenzayo ze-biocide eziphelelwa yisikhathi phakathi komhlaka-1 Januwari 2024 no-31 Disemba 2026 zizonwetshwa zibe zingama-31 kuJanuwari 2027. Lesi sichibiyelo sithinta izinto ezisebenzayo ezingafinyelela kweziyi-110, nezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi sezinesikhathi eside esingu-46.

I-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) yenze ukuhlola ukuthobela imithetho kokubhaliswa okulinganiselwa ku-15000 phakathi kuka-2009 no-2023, okumelela u-21 % wokubhaliswa okuphelele. Kungukukhuphuka okuphawulekayo uma kuqhathaniswa no-5% ngo-2019. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ECHA iphinde yenze ukuhlola kokuthobela umthetho ku-30% wezinto ezibhalisiwe ezinamathani aphezulu (ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwamathani angaphezu kwe-100). Ngo-2023, ukubuyekezwa kokuthobela okungu-301 kwenziwa kumadokhumenti okubhaliswa kwe-REACH angaphezu kuka-1750 afaka izinto ezingama-274, okuhloswe ngawo ukwengeza ulwazi okungenzeka lushodelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwalezi zinto zamakhemikhali. Kuze kube manje, i-ECHA yenze izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-251 zokwengeza idatha ezinkampanini eziningi.

Ngomhla zingama-22 kuFebhruwari 2024, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ibuyekeze Uhlu lwayo Lomthetho Wokulawulwa Kwezinto Ezinobuthi (i-TSCA) engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2024. Uhlu olubuyekeziwe lwe-TSCA luqukethe isamba samakhemikhali angu-86,741, angu-42,293 asebenzayo. Isibuyekezo sakamuva sengeza amakhemikhali amasha angama-23 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Inventory ka-August 2023. I-TSCA Inventory ibuyekezwa kabili ngonyaka ukuze kugcinwe ulwazi lwamakhemikhali lwamanje futhi lunembile.

Ngomhla ziyisi-8 Feb 2024, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yamemezela umthetho wayo wokugcina wokubuyekeza inkokhiso ye-Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Izimali ezibuyekeziwe zizosebenza ezinsukwini ezingama-60 ngemuva kokuthi umthetho wokugcina ka-2024 ushicilelwe Kurejista Yenhlangano.

Ngomhla ziyisi-9 kuNhlolanja 2024, Ikhomishini YaseYurophu iphakamise okusalungiswa okusha okuhloselwe ukuchibiyela imithetho ekhona yezinto zokuxhumana zokudla (ama-FCM), okubandakanya ukuvinjelwa kwe-bisphenol A (BPA) kanye nokuphuma kwayo. Uhlaka luchibiyela (EU) No 10/2011 kanye (EC) No 1895/2005, kanye nokuchithwa (EU) 2018/213. I-Bisphenol A (BPA), eyaziwa nge-4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylpropane (CAS No: 80-05-7), iyi-monomer noma into yokuqala esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni i-polycarbonate, i-polysulfone, i-epoxy resins, nezinye izinhlaka. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumapulasitiki, ama-varnishes, oyinki, izinto zokunamathisela, namarabha.

I-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) icubungula ukuncoma izinto ezinhlanu kuhlu lokugunyazwa kwe-REACH. Lezi zinto ezinhlanu zihlanganisa: I-Melamine; I-Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate emboza noma yimaphi ama-isomer angawodwana kanye/noma izinhlanganisela zakhona (TBPH); S-(tricyclo[5.2.1.0 2,6]deca-3-en-8(noma 9)-yl) O-(isopropyl noma isobutyl noma 2-ethylhexyl) O-(isopropyl noma isobutyl noma 2-ethylhexyl) phosphorodithioate; I-Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)i-phosphine oxide; kanye ne-Barium diboron tetraoxide.