Imishini yokumba imayini isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza imigodi phezu kwetshe. Iziqhumane zifakwa ngaphakathi kwalezi zimbobo, ezibe seziqhunyiswa, zihlephule itshe libe izingcezu ezincane. Ngakho-ke, izinsimbi zokumba imayini ziphakathi kwemisebenzi yezimayini.
Inzuzo yemishini yokumba iletha ikhono lokungena emadwaleni aqinile futhi athambile. Amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha amarigi afanele indawo asebenza kuyo. Lo mhlahlandlela uzochazela amabhizinisi ukuthi angawuthola kanjani ngokuzethemba umshini wokumba ofanele izidingo zawo.
Okuqukethwe
Umshini wokumba imayini: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo
Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha umshini wokumba imayini
Izinhlobo zemishini yokumba imayini
Imakethe okuhloswe ngayo yemishini yokumba imayini
Imicabango yokugcina
Umshini wokumba imayini: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo
Izinsizakalo zokumba izimayini zibaluleke kakhulu US $ 2.5 billion. Izinsiza zokumba zibandakanya ukumba izinkampani zezimayini eziphuma nazo. Kubandakanya ukubhobolwa kwezingxenye zamaminerali njengamalahle nezinsimbi. Izindlela ezikhona njengamanje ezinsizakalweni zokumba izimayini zihlanganisa ukwamukela izinsiza ezisebenzayo zokumba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumbiwa kwezimbiwa negesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zokumba zisebenzisa amandla angcolisa umoya kanye nezinhlelo zokuthutha kuzo zonke izimboni ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha, njengokuthuthukisa ama-drill rigs asebenza ngamabhethri, ikhulise ukukhula embonini.
Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha umshini wokumba imayini
Ukujula kokujula
I-diameter ye-drill bit inquma ububanzi bomgodi wokubhoboza. Kukhona osayizi abathathu, okungukuthi, Amasentimitha angu-8, 8-11 amayintshi, nangaphezulu Amasentimitha angu-11. The Amasentimitha angu-8 i-drill bit isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlola. Izinkampani zokumba zisebenzisa kabanzi I-8-11 intshi ukubhoboza ukukhiqiza. Geza izingcezu ngenhla Amasentimitha angu-11 zilungele ukugaya ukukhiqiza ekujuleni okukhulu. Ukujula kokumba kunqunywa inhloso yokubhoboza. Ukumba imithombo kungase kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-1000 kuyilapho ukumba amaminerali kungase kujule ngamamitha angu-200.
Imishini yokumba enamandla aphansi
Ukumba ngaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile kuzonikeza isikhala esincane semishini yokumba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-drill rigs angaphansi komhlaba avame ukuba mancane futhi abe namandla kancane. Kungakho, lapho kubhola, ezinye izici ziba bucayi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuvezwa kwamadayimane ngesikhathi sokumba kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nokuma kwe-drill.
Geza imbobo orientation
Lapho ubhoboza ngaphansi komhlaba, isiqondiso se-drill singabheka phansi, i-engeli, noma phezulu. Lapho bebhola beya phansi futhi be-engeli, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe izingcezu zokubhoboza ezinesisindo esifika phansi kwe-drill bit. I-matrix esetshenziselwa ukubhoboza okunjalo kufanele futhi ibe inselele kakhulu kunokubhola ubheke phezulu. Lapho ubhoboza ubheke phezulu, asikho isidingo esincane sesisindo sokubhola endaweni yokubhoboza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba ngcono ukukhetha ama-drill bits anomatikuletsheni athambile. Lokhu kuzovumela i-drill bit ukuthi ihlale ibukhali futhi iveze amadayimane kalula.
Indawo engaziwa uma iqhathaniswa neyaziwa
Uma ibhizinisi lazi uhlobo lwetshe elizobhoboza kulo, lingagxila kuma-drill bits athile athuthukiswe indawo enjalo. Bangakwazi futhi ukukhetha umqhele ophezulu ukuze inani lezikhathi lapho i-drill bit lishintshwa khona lincishiswe. Kodwa-ke, ibhizinisi elizomba ezindaweni ezihlukene kufanele linwebe izinsimbi okufanele zizisebenzise.
Izinhloso ezahlukene
Imishini yokumba izimayini kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe emkhawulweni wokulinganisa. Uma i-break-even margin ingaphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kokumba kuyodingeka kwenziwe ukuze kukhokhelwe izindleko zokusebenza. Ukuthuthukisa kwenziwa ngokukhetha imishini yokumba enesivinini esiphezulu sokuzungeza ukuze uthole izimayini ezisebenza kahle. Izinsimbi zokumba zinejubane phakathi 50 rpm - 120 rpm. Ukuthuthukisa kakhulu kungenziwa ngokukhetha izingcezu zokubhoboza ezinamazinyo engeziwe ukuze ubhoboze kahle.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokumba imayini
I-Auger drilling rig
Imishini yokumba ama-Auger sebenzisa i-drill bit efana nesikulufu esenziwe nge-steel casing. Njengoba i-drill bit ijikeleza, iqhubekela phansi, ihambisa impahla phezulu.
Izici:
- Inama-headauger akhethekayo afanele izindawo ezihlukene.
- Amandla kagesi noma izinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.
buhle:
- Umnyombo oqhubekayo ungaqoqwa ngendlela yolayini wocingo.
- Awekho ama-drill fluids adingekayo.
- Ifanele idiphozithi engahlanganisiwe.
bawo:
- Ngeke isetshenziswe kumadiphozithi ahlanganisiwe.
- Inqunyelwe emigodini engaphansi 150ft.
I-Rotary drilling rig
Imishini yokumba ejikelezayo kuyindlela yokubhoboza esebenzisa amandla azungezayo emigodini yokubhoboza imigodi.
Izici:
- Itshe liyachotshozwa njengoba i-drill bit ijikeleza.
- Isebenzisa ama-drill bits angamakhoni amathathu ambozwe izinkinobho noma amazinyo amaningi.
buhle:
- Ilungele izimbobo ezinkulu nezincane ezinobubanzi.
- Iyashesha futhi iyasebenza.
- Ingasetshenziswa kumadiphozithi ahlanganisiwe futhi angahlanganisiwe.
bawo:
- Idinga uketshezi lokumba olushintsha ikhemistri yamanzi.
- Imiphumela kukhekhe lodaka odongeni lwembobo yokubhoboza.
- Kungase kudingeke balahle izimbobo uma kuhlangatshezwana namatshe amatshe.
I-Blasthole drilling rig
I-Blasthole drilling rig uhlephula itshe eliqukethe i-mineral ore libe yizicucu ezincane kusetshenziswa iziqhumane.
Izici:
- Edwaleni kubhobozwa izimbobo.
- Izimbobo zilungiselelwe ngeziqhumane ezanele, eziqhunyiswayo.
- Itshe eliqhumile liyadonswa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucubungula.
buhle:
- Ifanele idiphozithi ehlanganisiwe nengahlanganisiwe.
- Iyashesha futhi iyasebenza.
bawo:
- Idinga abasebenzi abanolwazi.
- Kudingeka kuqashelwe okwengeziwe lapho kubholwa imbobo eqhumayo.
Imakethe okuhloswe ngayo yemishini yokumba imayini
Imishini yokumba imayini kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nenani US $ 4.4 billion by 2030, ikhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) sika 6.7%. I-Asia kulindeleke ukuthi ibe nesabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwesidingo samaminerali nezinto eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, idayimane, neplatinamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyuka kwesidingo sokukhiqizwa kwamalahle ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu zamandla kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwezinsizakalo zokumba e-Asia Pacific.
Imicabango yokugcina
Imishini yokumba imayini ifaneleka kakhulu ukuqhumisa amatshe abe yizicucu ezincane. Zihlanganisa izinsimbi zokubhoboza ezenziwe ngezinto eziqine kakhulu njengedayimane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zikwazi ukubhoboza amatshe ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhola ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kwe-rotary kusho ukuthi umshini wokumba uzosebenzisa amandla amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zangaphambili lapho ukubhola kwakwenziwa ngokushaya idwala. Vakashela Cooig.com ukuze uthole uhlu lwemishini yokumba imayini etholakala emakethe namuhla.
