Ekuqaleni kwezolimo, inani labantu emhlabeni laliyizigidi ezinhlanu kuphela. Ngo-5, inani labantu emhlabeni kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2050. Lokhu kuzoletha izinselelo ezintsha, enkulu kunazo zonke yikhono lokondla wonke umuntu. Ukuzenzekelayo isivele iyingxenye enkulu yokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wezolimo, kodwa njengoba isimo sezulu esishintshayo siletha ukungaqiniseki okukhulu, abalimi bazodinga usizo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi bangasabela esimweni sezulu esisha futhi bangalahlekelwa izitshalo zabo.
Okuqukethwe:
Kuyini ukulima okuhlakaniphile kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo kwezolimo futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Yiziphi izitayela zakamuva zezinto zokulima ezihlakaniphile?
Ukukhetha izinto zokulima ezihlakaniphile kanye nezingxenye zokuthengisa okuzenzakalelayo komshini
Kuyini ukulima okuhlakaniphile kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo kwezolimo futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Umhlaba ushintsha ngokushesha futhi unemiphumela emangalisayo embonini yezolimo:
- Ukwenyuka kokukhuluphala kanye nezinkinga zempilo kuqhuba abantu ukuthi bafune umkhiqizo onempilo ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izithasiselo, noma amafutha angenampilo.
- Umphakathi uye waqaphela kakhulu isidingo sezimo ezingcono zokulima, ngokushisekela okukhulu kwe-veganism, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga.
- Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuba inhlekelele yembulunga yonke ebonakala ngokuya ngokubonakala, ngokucindezela kohulumeni yonke indawo ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa nokusebenzisa amandla amancane.
- Izinguquko endaweni ezungezile zisho ukulahlekelwa ukudla okukhulu, nezilimo ezihlulekile ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingavamile kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezimboni zenyama nezobisi okubangelwa ukuqubuka kwezifo.
- Ukukhula kwenani labantu kusho isidingo sokudla okwengeziwe kanye nokuncipha kwenani elikhulu lokulahlwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Lezi zinguquko, kokubili ezengqondo nezemvelo, zidinga izinguquko ezinhlelweni zethu zezolimo. Umbiko weZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-2017 washo lokho ingxenye yesithathu kwakho konke ukudla okukhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke kuyalahleka noma kumoshwe minyaka yonke. Leli zinga lokulahlekelwa kokudla alikwazi ukusimama uma kubhekwa izinguquko zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo emphakathini naseMhlabeni. Ukubhekana nalokhu, imboni yezolimo ingena kuqala ekulimeni okuhlakaniphile kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo, kodwa kusho ukuthini lokho?
- Ukulima okuhlakaniphile: izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile (obufana ne-AI, i-IoT, izinzwa, nokunye) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukudla futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokudla.
- Ukuzenzakalela komshini: inqubo yokusebenzisa imishini ukuvumela usizo oluncane lwabantu. Lokhu kunciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko futhi kubhekwane nenkinga yokushoda kwabasebenzi.
Namuhla, imishini ehlakaniphile isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokunisela, ukukha izithelo nemifino, ukufuthwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuhlwanyela, ukuhlakula, ukuvuna, nokunye—lokhu kuhumusha ukunemba okukhulu, izindleko eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Yiziphi izitayela zakamuva zezinto zokulima ezihlakaniphile?
Ubuchwepheshe be-Smart bungena emkhakheni wezolimo ngesivinini esikhulu, okuvumela ukuncishiswa kwemfucuza, amandla amakhulu okuhlaziya isimo sezulu esizayo noma izidingo zomhlabathi, nokunye. Ngokukhula kwesibalo sabantu, amazinga olwandle akhuphukayo, nesimo sezulu esingalindelekile, izinto zokulima zendabuko nezindlela ngeke zikwazi ukuletha isivuno esanele noma isivuno isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulima kube nesibopho sokufika 8.5% nakho konke ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, nokunye 14.5% kusukela ekushintsheni kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, imboni yezolimo igxile ekulimeni okuluhlaza ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. Sibonga ohulumeni abagqugquzela ezolimo eziluhlaza, kanye nezithembiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukukhishwa kwe-net-zero, imanje nekusasa lezolimo manje lilele kubuchwepheshe obusha obuhlakaniphile obuluhlaza kanye ne-automation.
Ngokuncishiswa kwamandla, imfucuza, kanye nokulahlekelwa kokudla, kanye nezinhloso ezinkulu zokukhiqiza engqondweni, u-2022 uzobona ukukhuphuka kohlu lonke lobuchwepheshe obusha, ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezolimo ezisekelwe ku-IoT, izinzwa, imishini, nokuningi. Okumbalwa kwalokhu kuxoxwa ngakho kabanzi ngezansi.
Amadivayisi we-IoT
Esinye isibonelo sendlela i-Internet engene ngayo kwezolimo nasekulimeni “I-Internet Yezinkomo.” Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwemfuyo kanye ne-IoT kuthatha uhlobo lwe inzwa engadleki ikwazi ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lomzimba langaphakathi lesilwane, ukuvuthwa, ukunyakaza komzimba, amazinga e-PH, nokuningi. Yonke imininingwane evela ku-sensor izodluliswa ngokungenantambo kusizindalwazi, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumela abalimi ukuthi baqaphe kalula impilo yemfuyo yabo ukuze bakhulise inzuzo futhi bagweme ukuqubuka kwezifo. Esinye isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwe-IoT kwezolimo inhlanganisela yohlelo olwaziwayo lwe-Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI), oludinga usizo oluthile lwabantu ngezinzwa ezihlakaniphile. Ngale nhlanganisela, i-IoT iyakwazi ukuqapha amazinga omswakamo ngokuzimela futhi ithumele izibalo zesikhathi sangempela kudivayisi ehlakaniphile ukuze kuchelelwe kangcono.
Ukuphathwa kwezolimo kwe-AI
Idatha iyisihluthulelo sokuqonda nokuphendula kunoma iyiphi inkinga, futhi ezolimo nazo ziyahluka. Ukuqoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka, abalimi abacabanga phambili bebesebenzisa ama-drones, amarobhothi, izinzwa, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo, nokunye. Izibonelo zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ama-drones ukuze kutholwe izindawo zezitshalo ezinegciwane futhi kanjalo kusatshalaliswe izibulala-zinambuzane endaweni yangakini, ngaleyo ndlela kongiwe ezindlekweni futhi kwehliswe ukukhishwa kwezisi ezinonya emkhathini nasekudleni. Amarobhothi asebenzisa amandla elanga ane-AI kanye nombono wekhompyutha asetshenziselwa ukutshala imbewu ngokushesha nangokulingana okuphelele, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo. I-AI iphinde isetshenziselwe ukonga amanzi, ngohlelo olulandelanayo olusetshenziswayo ukuze kutholakale amanzi avuzayo kanjalo nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokunisela ukuze kongiwe amanzi.
Izindlela ezintsha zokulima ezihlakaniphile zemishini yendabuko
Ukulima kwendabuko sekusebenzele ezolimo amakhulu eminyaka futhi asikho isidingo sokukwenza kungasadingeki ngokuphelele okwamanje. Kwenziwa izinhlelo ezingcono embonini yonkana ukuze kubhekwane nokushoda kwezisebenzi, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zokulima ezihlakaniphile zihlanganisa ogandaganda abazishayelayo abasebenzisa amasistimu e-GPS, amasistimu okubona, kanye nokuhlonza ukukhanya ukuze kulawulwe ukude ngempumelelo nangokuvikelekile. Okunye okuqanjwe kabusha kubandakanya ukungeza izinzwa nezifutho kugandaganda ukuze kunciphe ukuthintana kwabantu nezibulala-zinambuzane nokuvumela ogandaganda abazishayelayo, abazishayelayo ukuthi benze imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukukhetha izinto zokulima ezihlakaniphile kanye nezingxenye zokuthengisa okuzenzakalelayo komshini
Ngo-2019, imakethe yezolimo ehlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke yalinganiselwa ku-$16,746.7 million kanti ngo-2027 ilinganiselwa ukuthi izofinyelela ku-$29,234.6 million, nge-CAGR ka-9.7% ukusuka ngo-2021 kuya ku-2027. Ngalokhu kukhula okukhulu, manje isikhathi esifanele sokungena emakethe yezolimo ehlakaniphile. Ukuze uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uzibeke esitokweni, kubalulekile ukukhomba kuqala izidingo zomsebenzisi wokugcina.
Amapulazi amancane
Kumapulazi amancane, cabangela indawo namathuba okukhula. Isitoko ukulondolozwa ukushisa ingilazi smart for zokugcina izithombo ukutshala izithelo nemifino unyaka wonke ube ulondoloza amandla. Faka imali ku imibhoshongo ekhulayo ye-hydroponic ukwandisa indawo yokutshala ngokutshala ukuya phezulu nokonga emanzini. Thenga izinzwa zezolimo ezihlakaniphile ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nezimo zesimo sezulu ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokunisela. Ngemfuyo, thenga amatende ezilwane ukonga endaweni yokugcina impahla ebiza kakhulu kanye nokwakhiwa kwezitebele.
Ukulima izitshalo
Kumakhasimende asebenza ekulimeni izitshalo, kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokutshala. Faka imali ebangeni le ama-robotic seedling transplanters ukumboza umhlabathi omningi ngokushesha nokutshala ngokunemba. Ukuze wonge izibulala-zinambuzane, ngazo zombili izizathu zezindleko nezemvelo, thenga uhla lwe izifutho zokubulala izinambuzane zezolimo, okungakhulisa isivuno esihle sekhwalithi. Lapho usebenzisa ama-greenhouses, cabanga nge-stocking inzwa igadwe rollbacks ukuqinisekisa amazinga okushisa abalulekile okukhula. Lapho ulima ngaphandle, stock izinzwa zokumanzisa kweqabunga ukuvimbela izinambuzane noma izifo ukuthi zingasakazeki esilimoni.
Ukufuywa kwemfuyo nobisi
Ukulima okubandakanya imfuyo, kusukela ezinkukhu kuya ezinkomeni, stock automated izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya futhi ama-detectors egesi ye-ammonia ukugcina izilwane ziphephile, futhi amathegi ezindlebeni ezihlakaniphile futhi imfuyo smart isikali ukugcina umkhondo wemfuyo. Okokulima okuqondene nobisi, isitokwe imishini yokusenga egcwele, kusukela kuzinhlelo ze-vacuum kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa ibhodlela lengilazi kuya kumasistimu kagesi we-pulsator kanye amamitha obisi we-IoT azenzakalelayo. Ukubona ukukhulelwa kwenkomo, isitokwe amakholomu enzwa yokushisa ehlakaniphile futhi, ukuhlola isitokwe sezempilo yebele, izithungatha ze-mastitis eziphathwa ngesandla. Enye into yokulima ehlakaniphile okufanele icatshangelwe ama-monitor ezempilo e-IoT, aziwa nge-Intanethi Yezinkomo.
Isiphetho
Ukushoda kwabasebenzi, izindleko, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu konke kuyizinkinga ezikhula njalo embonini yezolimo. Ukuze ulwe nalokhu, imishini ethuthukisiwe ethuthukisiwe ingenza imisebenzi eminingi, njengokutshala imbewu nokusabalalisa izibulala-zinambuzane, kanyekanye futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ye-AI, njengama-drones, ingasiza ekuhlukaniseni izindawo ezinegciwane ezitshalweni, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kuyilapho izinzwa ezihlakaniphile zingasiza ukonga amanzi futhi zinciphise ukulahleka kokudla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ugcina impahla yezolimo efanele ukuze uhlale emdlalweni futhi ungene esikhathini esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinketho zokonga ugesi neziluhlaza zihamba phambili kulezo zinqumo. Ekugcineni, uma kungekho ukuvikela imvelo, ngeke ibe khona indawo yokulima. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unemishini efanele ezenzakalelayo nemishini yokulima ehlakaniphile yamapulazi akho nemvelo, hlola uhla lwe smart agrisiko namuhla.
