Ingqalasizinda yokushaja imoto kagesi yomphakathi (i-EV) iyaqhubeka nokubonakala njengembangela yokwamukelwa kancane kancane okungalindelekile kwama-EV e-United States, kodwa kulo nyaka ikhombisa izimpawu zokuthuthuka ngokwaneliseka kukonke okwandayo ikota yesibili ilandelana. Nakuba udaba lusekude ukuxazululwa, i-JD Power 2024 US Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Public Charging Study (EVX)) iphakamisa ukuthi imboni isendleleni efanele naphezu kwezinselelo eziqhubekayo.
Inombolo yeziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ezweni lonke iyaqhubeka nokukhula kodwa ayifani nezinga lokuthengiswa kwe-EV. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa edlule, ukukhuphuka kwenani lama-EV esiteshini ngasinye sokushaja somphakathi kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwezinga lokwaneliseka ngamashaja anjalo. Nokho, kulo nyaka, ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushaja esidlangalaleni kunikeza uphawu oluhle.
Ocwaningweni lwalo nyaka, ukwaneliseka ngamashaja asheshayo e-DC (amanje aqondile) akhuphuka aze afike ku-664 (esikalini samaphuzu angu-1,000)—ukwanda ngamaphuzu angu-10 kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2023. Ukwenyuka kuphazanyiswa ukutholakala kokuthi ukwaneliseka ngokushaja komphakathi kweLeveli 2 kwehlile kwaya ku-614, okuwunyaka wentuthuko ephansi ngamaphoyinti angu-3.
Nakuba amaphuzu okwaneliseka kwekhasimende ekukhokhisweni komphakathi eqhubeka nokubangela ukukhathazeka, imiphumela inikeza izizathu zokuba nethemba. Phakathi kwabasebenzisi bamashaja eLeveli 2, ukwaneliseka kuyathuthuka ezintweni ezinhlanu kweziyi-10 ezakha ukwaneliseka kukonke, futhi phakathi kwabasebenzisi beshaja esheshayo ye-DC, ukwaneliseka kukhuphuka ezigabeni eziyisithupha kweziyi-10. Ukwengeza, izinkomba sezizonke zibe ngcono kumakota amabili edlule. Lokhu kubonisa inqubekelaphambili ezindaweni eziningi abanikazi be-EV abazikhathalelayo, njengejubane nokutholakala kwamashaja asheshayo kanye nokuba lula kokuba nezinye izinto okumelwe uzenze phakathi nezikhathi zokushaja ezinde Zeleveli 2.
-Brent Gruber, umqondisi omkhulu we-EV practice kwa-JD Power
Iqiniso lokuthi abanikazi abangebona abe-Tesla manje sebengakwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi ye-Tesla Supercharger liyingxenye eyodwa yokwanda kokwaneliseka ngamashaja asheshayo e-DC. Phambilini, inethiwekhi ebanzi ye-Tesla yamashaja ayo asheshayo e-DC ibigcinelwe kuphela abanikazi bezimoto zakwaTesla kodwa ukwazile ukuthola uxhaso lwengqalasizinda yenhlangano ebiza izigidigidi zamadola kushukumisele umenzi wezimoto ukuba avumele ukufinyelela kubanikazi bamanye ama-EV. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ucwaningo luye lwakwazi ukulinganisa imiphumela, ukuhlaziya izimpendulo zabanikazi be-Tesla nabangewona i-Tesla EV ezicini ezithile ezithonya ukwaneliseka.
Sekukonke, abanikazi be-Tesla nabangewona abakwaTesla bathola ukushaja izimoto zabo ezikhungweni ze-Tesla Supercharger kuyanelisa kakhulu. Abanikazi okungebona abe-Tesla—njengalabo abanama-EV akwaFord noma akwa-Rivian manje asebekwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger—bayakwazisa ikhono lokushaja kunethiwekhi ebanzi yamashaja akwa-Tesla ayengatholakali kubo ngaphambilini. Naphezu kokungena kwakamuva kwezimoto ezingezona eze-Tesla ezikhungweni ze-Supercharger-okubangele ukukhononda okuthile-abanikazi be-Tesla basakwazisa kalula ukushaja kanye nokukhokha kalula okunikezwa yinethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, i-JD Power ibone ukwehla kokwaneliseka ngokutholakala kwama-Supercharger phakathi kwabanikazi be-Tesla.
-Brent Gruber
Abanikazi be-Tesla bahlala benelisekile ngenethiwekhi ye-Tesla Supercharger, njengoba kufakazelwa amaphuzu angu-743, phansi amaphuzu angu-2 nje kusuka ku-2023. Abanikazi be-Non-Tesla abanelisekile kangako uma besebenzisa i-Tesla Supercharger (706), kodwa lelo phuzu lingamaphuzu angu-42 ngaphezu kokwaneliseka okuphelele ngamashaja asheshayo e-DC.
Igebe elikhulu phakathi kokwaneliseka kwabanikazi be-Tesla nabangewona abakwaTesla bafika kalula ekukhokheni kanye nokushaja kalula. I-Tesla inikeza abanikazi bayo ikhono elizenzakalelayo le-plug-and-pay elingakatholakali kubanikazi abangebona abe-Tesla. Inethiwekhi yayo ye-Supercharger iyahambisana nezixhumi ze-Tesla, kuyilapho izimoto zamanje ezingezona eze-Tesla zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-adaptha njengengxenye yenqubo yokushaja.
Okulandelayo yimiphumela ebalulekile yocwaningo lwango-2024:
- Ukwaneliseka ngesivinini sokushaja kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo lweshaja: Abanikazi be-EV babonakala benesineke esincane sokushajwa komphakathi kweLeveli 2, kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye bekhula baneliseke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushaja kumashaja asheshayo e-DC. Isici sejubane lokushaja kumashaja weLevel 2 sehle ngamaphoyinti ama-4 saya ku-451 kulo nyaka. Abanikazi be-EV abajabulile ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, kodwa isibaluli sithola amaphuzu angu-622, sikhuphuke kakhulu sisuka ku-588 ngo-2023.
- Abanikazi be-EV bathanda ukukhokha okuzenzakalelayo: Nakuba labo abashayela izimoto ezivamile zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ICE) babonakala beneliseke ukuthenga uphethiloli ngekhadi lesikweletu noma ledebhithi, abanikazi be-EV baneliseke kangcono ngezinye izindlela zokukhokha. Okwanelisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa isistimu yokukhokha ezenzakalelayo, njenge-Plug & Charge, ekhomba futhi iqinisekise imoto futhi iyixhume ngokuqondile ekukhokheni, okuvumela ama-EV ukuthi axhume endaweni yokushaja futhi aqale ukushaja ngokushesha. Ukwaneliseka kwalezo zinhlelo kungu-886 ukuze kube lula ukukhokha kanye nama-806 ukuze kube lula ukushaja. Ukwaneliseka phakathi kwabanikazi abasebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lomkhiqizi kungu-860 ukuze kube lula ukukhokha kanye no-787 ukuze kube lula ukushaja. Ukwaneliseka phakathi kwabanikazi be-EV abasebenzisa ikhadi lesikweletu noma ledebhithi kuphansi kakhulu ekusebenziseni kalula (631) kanye nokushaja okulula (596).
- Ukuvakasha okungakhokhisi kuseyinkinga: Ucwaningo luthola ukuthi u-19% wabo bonke abanikazi be-EV bathi bavakashele ishaja kodwa abakwazanga ukushaja imoto yabo, ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kwephuzu elilodwa lephesenti kusukela ngo-2023. Nakuba izizathu zokungakwazi ukushaja zihluka kancane ngokwezifunda, inkinga enkulu ezweni lonke ukuthi ishaja ibingasebenzi noma ibingasebenzi, okuthinte ukuvakasha okungaphumelelanga okungama-61%. Ukushoda kokutholakala kweshaja kanye/noma izikhathi zokulinda isikhathi eside kube yinkinga ethinta u-20% noma ngaphezulu wabanikazi be-EV abahlangabezane nokuvakasha okuhlulekile ukushaja ezindaweni zase-Middle Atlantic, Pacific naseMpumalanga Emaphakathi Enyakatho. Ukulimala kwekhebuli noma isixhumi kube esinye isizathu esiphawulekayo somphumela ongakhokhisi, othinte u-10% wabanikazi abahlulekile ukuvakasha kokushaja.
Yize ucwaningo lwalo nyaka lukhomba izimpawu ezikhombisa ithemba lokuthi imboni ihamba ngendlela efanele, mayelana nezindaba zisekhona. Ngokuvamile ukushaja komphakathi akukona okwanelisayo kubanikazi be-EV. Inkinga eyodwa ukutholakala nje. Ngokudabukisayo, ukukhula kwamashaja omphakathi, futhi ikakhulukazi amashaja asheshayo e-DC abanikazi be-EV abawathanda kakhulu, akuhambisani nenani lama-EV asebenzayo. Okunye okukhathazayo wukweba nokucekelwa phansi kwempahla. Ezinye izinsiza zeshaja zihlangabezana nezinga eliphezulu lokulimala kwekhebula noma ukwebiwa, isibonelo, okubangela u-14% wokuhluleka kokushaja endaweni yaseMountain. Lokhu kuqhubezela phambili udaba.
-Brent Gruber
I-US Electric Vehicle Experience (EVX) Public Charging Study, manje onyakeni wayo wesine, ikala ukwaneliseka kwabanikazi be-EV ngezinhlobo ezimbili zama-opharetha wendawo yokushaja: iziteshi zokushaja eziLeveli 2 kanye neziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-DC. Ukwaneliseka kukalwa kuzo zonke izici ezingu-10 (ngokulandelana kokubaluleka): ukushaja kalula; isivinini sokushaja; isimo somzimba sesiteshi sokushaja; ukutholakala kwamashaja; lula kule ndawo; izinto okufanele uzenze ngenkathi ushaja; ukuthi uzizwa uphephe kangakanani kule ndawo; kalula ukuthola le ndawo; izindleko zokushaja; kanye nokukhokha kalula.
Ucwaningo luqhutshwa ukubambisana ne-PlugShare, inkampani eyenza uhlelo lokusebenza lomshayeli we-EV kanye nefemu yocwaningo. Ucwaningo luhlola izimo zengqondo zabathengi, ukuziphatha nokwaneliseka, lubeka izinga lokulinganisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuphelele kokushaja kwe-EV yomphakathi. Abaphendulile bahlanganisa abanikazi abangu-9,605 bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngamabhethri (BEVs) kanye nezimoto ezihlanganisa i-hybrid electric cars (PHEVs). Ucwaningo lwenziwe kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2024.
Umthombo ovela I-Green Car Congress
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