Umhlaba uye wachazwa njengedolobhana lomhlaba wonke. Uma kukhulunywa ngezamabhizinisi, amazwe amabili aneminotho emikhulu emhlabeni, i-United States of America neChina, yiwona aphethe inkundla. Ngaphandle kwalawa mazwe amabili, amanye amazwe angase abe nezimo ezikahle, uma kungenjalo ezingcono, zebhizinisi. Lesi sihloko sizohlola imakethe yemishini yezimboni eThailand.
Okuqukethwe
Imishini yezimboni eThailand: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo
Izitayela eziyingqayizivele
Izici ezibalulekile zokuthola imishini yezimboni eThailand
Izinselelo zokuthola imishini yezimboni eThailand
Imicabango yokugcina
Imishini yezimboni eThailand: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo
Kuqashwe umkhakha wemishini nezimboni 16% yabasebenzi baseThailand. Lokhu kusho imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingu-9.3 futhi kungokwesibili kuphela ezolimo umkhakha, oqashe ama-31% abasebenzi. Ngo-2021, imboni yabalelwa 34% we-GDP yezwe.
Izitayela eziyingqayizivele
Ubhubhane lwayithinta kakhulu iThailand, njengamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni uthatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi umnotho ubuyela esimeni emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa nemishini yezimboni. Njengamanje, iThailand ingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili e-ASEAN ukugoma abantu bakhona, nge 23% labantu bakhona kakade sebegonyiwe. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezisembonini yemishini yezimboni ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bazo bayagonywa. Idatha yomhlaba wonke ibikezela ukuthi umnotho uzokhula ngawo 3% lapho i-0.6% yabantu bayo ithola umthamo wesibili. Inkomba yokukhiqiza yemboni ikhuphuke ngo 35% kanye nesidingo sezinto zikagesi kanye nemishini yezokwelapha.
Izici ezibalulekile zokuthola imishini yezimboni eThailand
Nazi izinto ezibalulekile ezikhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi athole imishini yezimboni eThailand.
Kusungulwe amabhrendi ase-US
Ukuba khona kwe-US nezinye izinhlobo zomhlaba wonke e-Thailand kubonisa ukuthi i-Thailand iyindawo eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi kufanele icatshangwe emkhakheni wemishini yezimboni. Ngo-2019, ukuhwebelana kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo phakathi kwe-US neThailand sekuphelele $ 52.7 billion.
Ukuthekelisa kanye nejografi yemakethe yaseThailand
Isimo somnotho saseThailand sikhulu kakhulu futhi siqinile, okwenza kube isizinda esihle sokuthola imishini yezimboni. Ngaphandle kokuba yi- 15th izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Asia, yilona 20th umlingani omkhulu wokuhweba o US kanye ne 26th Uzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba we-European Union. 15% ukuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle kuya e-US kuphela. Lokhu kufakazela ikhono layo lokukhiqiza imishini eyamukelwa emhlabeni wonke.
Thailand 4.0 isinyathelo
Uhlelo lwe-Thailand 4.0 luhlose ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eqediwe kakhulu emkhakheni wemishini yezimboni futhi lwamukele amathrendi amanje eCommerce. Imizamo eholwa nguhulumeni igxile enkambisweni yebhizinisi lemishini yezimboni ezayo yokuvula amathuba omhlaba kusetshenziswa izinkundla ezifana ne-Walmart, i-Amazon, nokunye okunjalo. Izwe lifuna ukuhoxa kumamodeli angaphambilini, abegxile ezintweni ezihlukene. I-Thai 1.0 yayiyimodeli yezolimo kuphela, kuyilapho i-Thai 2.0 ihilela imboni yokukhanya. I-Thai 4.0 kufanele iphishekele imboni ethuthukile njengoba kwenza i-3.0.
Idolobha elizinze kahle
I-Bangkok, inhloko-dolobha yaseThailand, ayilona nje idolobha elizinze kahle kodwa iyisikhungo sezentengiselwano esaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele. Idolobhakazi elikhulu lihlinzeka ngomfutho odingeka kakhulu ozuzwe ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa ezokuvakasha njengendlela eyinhloko engenisa imali. Ngenxa yokuthi ingelinye lamachweba abaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga, liphinde libe yidolobha elinamasu okuthutha imishini yezimboni emhlabeni jikelele. Idolobhakazi selivele linohlelo lwemvelo oluzinze kahle oluhlanganisa izimboni, izinsiza zezokuthutha, nezindawo zokugcina impahla, ezibalulekile emnothweni wezimboni.
Imakethe yendawo yokwakha
Imakethe yezokwakha yasendaweni yaseThailand iyachuma futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule nakakhulu. Njengomnikelo obalulekile emnothweni waseThailand, yazungeza 425 billion Thai Baht ngo-2021. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo kuhlukaniswe imikhakha kahulumeni kanye nezizimele, kanti umkhakha kahulumeni kulindeleke ukuthi ande kakhulu. Around 100,000 izinkampani zokwakha zibhaliswe eThailand, imakethe evuthiwe yomkhakha wemishini yezimboni. Isibikezelo sokwandisa izinsizakalo zokwakha ezweni siphinde sisho ukuthi imakethe yasendaweni ingadla imikhiqizo yezimboni kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sangaphandle semikhiqizo yaseThailand.
Imakethe yezimoto
The embonini yezimoto eThailand inkulu kunawo wonke eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Abakhiqizi abaningi bangaphandle, njengamaJapane, amaMelika, namaShayina. Kuphinde kube yi- 10th enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ekhiqizayo 2 abayizigidi ezingu izimoto ngonyaka. Izinkampani eziningi zakwamanye amazwe zikhethe ukumisa ikomkhulu lazo lomhlaba wonke e-Thailand, elithembele ku-ASEAN Free Trade Area ukuthola imakethe yemikhiqizo yayo.
Izinselelo zokuthola imishini yezimboni eThailand
Ulimi nabantu asebekhulile
Kusukela ngo-2021, inani labantu baseThailand lalingaphansi 70 abayizigidi ezingu. Ihlanganisa izilimi eziningi, njengesiMalay, isiCambodia, isiVietnam nesiShayina. Nokho, ulimi olusemthethweni isiThai. IsiNgisi sibuye sisetshenziswe emabhizinisini nasemadolobheni amakhulu anjengeBangkok neChonburi. Nokho, kunesithiyo esithile solimi—inselele abatshalizimali abangase babhekane nayo.
Futhi, kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu baseThailand kume kancane 2028 ngenxa yokukhula kwayo kancane. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970, ukukhula kwenani labantu bekwehla ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Iminyaka emaphakathi yaseThailand ngo-2022 40.1, ngaphezu kwelase-Indonesia (29.7), iPhilippines (25.7), neVietnam (32.5). Kusho ukuthi inani labantu selikhulile kakhulu eThailand, okungase kube nomthelela ekutholakaleni kwabasebenzi eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuxhumana
I-Bangkok iyidolobha elikhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, ukuxhumana kwayo namanye amadolobha ezimboni kungase kungabi kuhle kangako. Awukho umgwaqo othuthukiswe kahle noma uhlelo lwesitimela olungasiza ukuhamba kalula kwezimpahla zezimboni. Lokhu kwenza ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla kubize kakhulu futhi kwandisa ingozi yokulimala kwezimpahla zezimboni ngenkathi zisendleleni.
Ukukhula kancane komnotho
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-80s nama-90s, ukukhula komnotho wase-Thai kuhamba kancane kakhulu. Thailand kwaba umnotho okhula ngokushesha phakathi 1985 futhi 1997. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yezimali yase-Asia, eqale ngemuva kokuthi i-Baht ingancikisiwe edoleni laseMelika, yamisa lesi sikhathi sokuthuthuka komnotho. Ukukhula kweThailand ngo-2019 kwaba 2.27%, ehamba kancane uma iqhathaniswa neyaseVietnam nasePhilippines—6% futhi 7%, ngokulandelana. Lokhu kukhula komnotho kungabambezela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wemishini yezimboni.
Imicabango yokugcina
Umgoqo wolimi ungase ubonakale uyinselele enkulu uma wenza ibhizinisi eThailand. Ngayo kuza izinkambiso zamasiko ezingase zehluke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, izinkampani zingazuza ezinhlobonhlobo zomehluko emasikweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kungaholela ekusungulweni kwemikhiqizo emisha noma amabhizinisi ethule izixazululo ezihlukile. Ukuthola uhlu lwemishini etholakala eThailand, vakashela Cooig.com.
