Sekuyiminyaka, iChina ne-India bebusa imakethe yemishini eminingi yezimboni esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific. Kodwa-ke, iVietnam iphinde yavela njengemakethe yemishini yezimboni eminyakeni yamuva nje. Eqinisweni, kwezinye izimo, ukuthola imishini yezimboni eVietnam kungase kube kuhle kakhulu kunokusuka e-China. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uthenga eVietnam. Izophinde igqamise ezinye zazo izinto zokwakha etholakala eVietnam.
Okuqukethwe
Imishini yezimboni eVietnam: isabelo semakethe nesidingo
Izici ezibalulekile zokuthola eVietnam
Imishini yokwakha yaseVietnam
Imicabango yokugcina
Imishini yezimboni eVietnam: isabelo semakethe nesidingo
Ngo-1986, uhulumeni waseVietnam wanquma ukuguqula nokuvula umnotho wawo futhi ubeke isimanje phakathi kwezinhloso zawo ezibalulekile. Kule minyaka edlule, izwe libone ukukhula okubonakalayo ekufezeni lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile. Ngo-2021, ngokwesibonelo, imboni yokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi yabalelwa 11% zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngo-2020, kwase kuphelile 2,200 izinkampani ezazigxile ekukhiqizeni imishini nemishini, ezihola ingqikithi $ 4.6 billion. Izinkampani zaseVietnam zikhule ku-CAGR ye 14.3% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2019. Imboni iyimboni yesibili ngobukhulu emnothweni waseVietnam, eyakha 33.7% we-GDP kanye nokuqashwa 11.3 abayizigidi ezingu abantu. Umkhakha omkhulu kunawo wonke yizinsizakalo, okuyiwona osebenza kuwo 41.63% we-GDP.
Ukwanda kwezimboni zokukhiqiza ukudla kwasolwandle, izindwangu, nezimboni zikagesi kubangele ukukhula ngokushesha kwemakethe yemishini yezimboni ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni zama-hydrocarbon, insimbi, ugesi namalahle ziye zanda, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela eVietnam kungeyesithathu ngobukhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izici ezibalulekile zokuthola eVietnam
Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokuthenga eVietnam.
Ukutholakala kwabakhiqizi abanekhono bemikhiqizo yakho
Inzuzo yeVietnam ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe ukuhlukahluka kwamakhono abakhiqizi abanga-oda kuwo imikhiqizo yabo. I-China ithuthuke kakhulu kwezezimboni. Kukhona, nokho, ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa eChina, njengeVietnam, Bangladesh, neCambodia. Kokuthathu, iVietnam inikeza uhlobo lokwehluka okungadingwa ngamabhizinisi. Imikhiqizo ethunyelwa yiVietnam ihlanganisa izicathulo, izigqoko, ukudla nesiphuzo, izinsimbi, izindwangu, izingubo nemishini.
Logistics kanye nengqalasizinda yaseVietnam
IVietnam yenze i- $ 5 billion ukwakhiwa komzila wesitimela osenyakatho-seNingizimu. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphule ingqalasizinda yezwe, ekleliswe emhlabeni jikelele 39th, isibili ngemuva kweChina, futhi ikleliswe endaweni yama-26th esifundeni. I-India, iCambodia, i-Indonesia, ne-Bangladesh zikleliswe 44th, 98th, 46Th, futhi 100th, ngokulandelana. Ingqalasizinda enhle izokwenza kube lula ukuya kubakhiqizi futhi kuthuthwe izimpahla ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Kulula ukwenza ibhizinisi eVietnam
Kulula ukuqala ibhizinisi kunaseShayina. Ngokusho kwamamethrikhi omhlaba ngokufanayo, i-China ikleliswe endaweni 46th ngenkathi iVietnam ikleliswa 69th. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iVietnam iphakathi kwe Amazwe we-34 lokho kuthuthuke kakhulu phakathi 2018 futhi 2019 ngokwezintela, ukusetshenziswa kwenkontileka, kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zokuqala ibhizinisi. Konke lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenze ezweni.
Abakhiqizi baseVietnam abangabangaphandle
Abatshalizimali babona iVietnam njengesizinda sezimboni ngoba yenza kube lula ukusuka eChina ukuya eVietnam. Isibonelo, kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, abakwaSamsung batshale imali $ 17.3 billion ukwakha izimboni ezintsha eziyisishiyagalombili kanye nesikhungo se-R&D. Amanye amabhizinisi, nawo, angatshala imali kalula eVietnam ngenxa yejubane layo lokukhula ngokushesha.
Imishini yokwakha yaseVietnam
Umvubukuli
An umfuyi iyimishini yokwakha ene-boom, idiphu, ikhebhu, nebhakede elizungezayo endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yindlu.
Isilayishi se-Backhoe
A isilayishi se-backhoe iyimishini esindayo efana negandaganda efakwe ibhakede lesitayela sokulayisha ngaphambili kanye ne-backhoe ngemuva. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-digger, i-loader excavator, noma i-loader backhoe.
I-asphalt paver
An i-asphalt paver wuhlobo lwemishini ebeka ukhonkolo we-asphalt noma ukhonkolo wase-portland emigwaqweni, emabhulohweni nasezindaweni zokupaka.
I-motor grader
A umshayeli wemoto umshini onensingo ende eyenza indawo eyisicaba ngesikhathi sokugreda. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-road grader noma i-blade.
I-Bulldozer
A ngogandaganda iwumshini onenjini onensingo efakwe ngaphambili yokusunduza, inhlabathi, isihlabathi, iqhwa, imfucumfucu, noma idwala endaweni yokwakha.
Crane
A crane ingumshini ofakwe intambo yokuphakamisa noma amaketanga nezithungu zokuphakamisa nokwehlisa izinto bese uzihambisa zivundlile.
Imishini yokucubungula insimbi
Ngezansi kunezibonelo zemishini yokucubungula insimbi.
Metal slitting umshini
Imishini yokusika insimbi zisetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi yensimbi ibe yizilinganiso ezicacisiwe ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kokuphela.
Metal rolling umshini
Imishini yokugingqa insimbi zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye eziyindilinga ezivela ezindaweni eziyisicaba zensimbi.
Metal extrusion umshini
Imishini yokukhipha insimbi zisetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhiqizo ehlukene kusetshenziswa i-die.
Imishini yokucubungula ukudla
Uhlu olungezansi kukhona imishini esetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ukudla okungatholakala eVietnam.
Dryer
Imishini yokomisa ukudla zisetshenziselwa ukomisa ukudla futhi zisize ekuvimbeleni ukuthi kungahambi kahle.
Umshini wokulinganisa
The umshini wokulinganisa isetshenziselwa ukuhlunga izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithelo ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu. Ngalo mshini, amabhizinisi angahlunga ngokushesha ngenani elikhulu lezithelo.
Umshini wokucubungula izithelo
The izithelo pro
umshini wokuwasha isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ijusi esithelweni ngobuningi. Iyakwazi futhi ukugcina isithelo esikhishwe isikhathi eside.
Umshini wokucubungula ipulasitiki
Okubhalwe ngezansi kukhona imishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ipulasitiki.
Ama-extruders epulasitiki
Imishini yokukhipha ipulasitiki ikuvumela ukuthi uncibilikise ama-pellets epulasitiki futhi uwafake emikhiqizweni ehlukene yepulasitiki ewusizo.
Umshini wepulasitiki we-granulation
Imishini yepulasitiki ye-granulation zisetshenziselwa ukudiliza ipulasitiki ukuze igaywe kabusha.
Umshini wokukhiqiza ipulasitiki
Imishini yokukhiqiza ipulasitiki ukusiza ukudala imikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa lo mshini ukwenza amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene.
Imicabango yokugcina
IVietnam ingaba omunye umthombo omuhle kakhulu wemishini yezimboni uma amabhizinisi efuna imishini eshibhile yekhwalithi enhle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusungula izimboni zokukhiqiza imishini kuyabiza ngenxa yemisebenzi eshibhile. IVietnam yakha indawo ekahle yokwakha amabhizinisi namabhizinisi afuna ukusabalalisa amaphiko awo ngokuqhubekayo.
