Umcabango wokuxhuma noma izindiza zokuhamba ngokuvamile ungabonakala unzima, ikakhulukazi uma kuhileleke izikhathi ezinde zokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, njengesivumelwano salokhu kuphazamiseka okungaba khona, izindiza ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziza ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, ngisho nalapho ubhukha ngezinkampani zezindiza ezihamba phambili. Lawa manani aphansi enziwa akwazi ukuhlanganisa abagibeli endaweni emaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe inani lezindiza ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokubathutha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Manje umqondo ojwayelekile, lezi zindiza zokuhamba empeleni ziyisibonelo esiyinhloko semodeli ye-hub-and-spoke embonini yezindiza- eqalwa ngu. I-Delta Air Lines ngo-1955. Ngaleso sikhathi, ne-Atlanta njengendawo emaphakathi, i-Delta yakwazi ukuxhuma imiphakathi emincane eseningizimu-mpumalanga emadolobheni amakhulu, yandisa ngempumelelo izinketho zendiza namaza.
Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nemodeli yehabhu ne-spoke, okuhlanganisa izici zayo ezibalulekile, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, kanye nokuthi ungayisebenzisa nini le modeli ukuze uthole izinhlelo ezilungile zokuhlela.
Okuqukethwe
Ukuqonda imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Isebenza kanjani imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Isetshenziswa nini imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Ubuhle obuphakathi nendawo
Ukuqonda imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Njengoba igama lisho, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke yethiwa ngesakhiwo sesondo lebhayisikili njengoba ichaza inqubo lapho ihabhu elimaphakathi lixhuma ngaphandle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngemizila eyahlukene, efana ne okhuluma isondo. Embonini yezokuthutha, I-FedEx ihlonishwa kabanzi njenge owandulelayo ekwamukeleni le modeli ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezinqubo zokuthutha ngokusebenzisa indlela eyodwa. Ngaphambi kokwamukelwa kwalesi simodeli, uhlelo lwendabuko lokusatshalaliswa kwamaphuzu ngamaphuzu, olwasiza ukulethwa okuqondile phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili, ngokuvamile lwalunganeli njengoba amabhizinisi anda kanye namaketanga okuhlinzeka akhula ayinkimbinkimbi.
Kafushane, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:
a) Imisebenzi yehabhu emaphakathi: Yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nokulethwa, kusukela ekuphathweni kwempahla kuye ekuhlungeni nasekuhlanganiseni ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokulawulwa komzila nokusatshalaliswa kwama-spokes amaningi, kulawulwa endaweni eyodwa.
b) Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele: Njengoba konke ukuthunyelwa kuhlanganisiwe futhi kwasatshalaliswa kabusha endaweni eyodwa, izinsiza zingasetshenziswa futhi zabiwe ngendlela efanele. Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza okuthuthukisiwe kuphinde kubonakale ngokuphathwa kwe-inventory okwenziwe lula okugxile kuphela ekuhanjisweni kwezimpahla phakathi kwehabhu nezikhulumi eziningi, okunciphisa inkimbinkimbi ekusabalaliseni izinsiza.
c) Umzila nokulethwa okulungiselelwe: Ngenani elincishisiwe lemizila, ukulethwa kwemayela lokugcina kwenziwa lula futhi kwenziwe ngcono, okuhlanganisa nezinqubo ezibalulekile njengokuhlela uhlu lwempahla, ukuphatha, nokulayisha/ukukhipha, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe.
d) Ukubekwa kwamasu okukala nokuguquguquka: Amahabhu nezikhulumi ezibekwe ngokuhleleka zinikeza ukunwebeka nokuvumelana nezimo ngobunkimbinkimbi obuncane njengoba le modeli isekela ezokuthutha eziningi. Ukwengeza izikhulumi ngokuvamile akubaxabanisi ukuphatha ngakho-ke kusekela ukunwetshwa okulula, okwenza le modeli ifaneleke kokubili amabhizinisi amancane namakhulu.
Isebenza kanjani imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Okokuqala, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke yenza ukusabalalisa kube lula ngokusungula ihabhu elimaphakathi elithola izimpahla kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene. Lezi zimpahla zibe sezihlungwa futhi ziphinde zihanjiswe ezindaweni eziningi, njengezitolo nezinye izikhungo zokusabalalisa, ngokusebenzisa imizila ekhulunyiwe ehlelwe ngamasu.
Empeleni, ihabhu eliyinhloko elimaphakathi kule modeli lisebenza njengendawo yokugcina emaphakathi nesikhungo esikhulu sokusabalalisa. Ngakho-ke, akufanele nje kuphela ukuthi izindlela ezikhulunywayo kanye nezindawo zokugcina zihlelwe ngokucophelela, kodwa indawo yehabhu kufanele futhi ikhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze ibe seduze namachweba amakhulu nanoma yiziphi izindawo zokuthutha ezibalulekile.
Ngamafuphi, ihabhu kufanele ikwazi ukusiza ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwezimpahla ukuze wonke ama-trailer akwazi ukushintshaniswa ngeshejuli efanelekile enesikhathi esincane sokuthutha kanye nokuphazamiseka okuncane kubashayeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yayo kufanele futhi isekele ukukala okulula, okusho ukuvumela izindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezengeziwe zesifunda ukuthi zengezwe noma nini lapho kudingeka.
Okokugcina, nakuba ukunwebeka kalula uye ezindaweni eziningi kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa le modeli kuzo zonke izindlela zokuthutha eziningi kunikeza amabhizinisi amandla okulungisa amashejuli okulethwa ngokususelwe esidingweni semakethe kanye nezidingo zesizini eziphakeme, amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi njenge Amasistimu Okuphatha Ezokuthutha (TMS) kanye ne-Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) ingathuthukisa ukuhlela nokuxhumana kule modeli. Lawa mathuluzi athuthukile angakwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela izinqubo ezibalulekile ezifana nokwenza kahle komzila nokuhlelwa kokulethwa, okuthuthuke nakakhulu wonke umsebenzi.
Isetshenziswa nini imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ibhizinisi kufanele lisebenzise nini imodeli yehabhu ne-spoke ekuhleleni izinto, ake sihlole imibono embalwa ebalulekile:
1) Ukuhlonza izinhlobo zamabhizinisi akwazi ukuzuza okuningi kulo modeli,
2) Ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zokusebenza zamabhizinisi ahlukene, futhi ekugcineni,
3) Ukucabangela izinhlobo zokuthunyelwa ezihilelekile.
Okokuqala, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ingaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezithile zebhizinisi. Izibonelo ezisobala kakhulu amabhizinisi anamanethiwekhi okusabalalisa abanzi, amaketango ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nokufinyelela okubanzi kwezindawo. Lawa mabhizinisi ahlanganisa izinkampani ezinkulu nezincane ze-ecommerce ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene ze-ecommerce, amaketanga amakhulu okudayisa afaka izitolo ezinamabhokisi amakhulu njenge-Costco, nabasabalalisi abakhulu bokudla neziphuzo njenge-Coca-Cola ne-Nestlé.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ingasiza futhi ukwenza lula ubunkimbinkimbi bochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngabakhiqizi bomhlaba jikelele njengezinkampani zezimoto nezemithi. Njengoba lawa mabhizinisi evame ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye zomhlaba wonke futhi yingakho esebenza ngamaketanga okuhlinzeka ayinkimbinkimbi athatha amazwekazi amaningi, inqubo yawo yokuthumela ngokungenakugwenywa ihilela izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba. Ngakho-ke bangathembela ekulawuleni okumaphakathi okukhona kumodeli yehabhu ne-spoke ukuze benze yonke inqubo ibe lula kuyilapho bethembele ekuguquguqukeni kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuthutha eziningi ezahlukene ukuze bafinyelele izindawo ezihlukahlukene.
Okwesibili, ngokwezidingo ezithile zebhizinisi, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ilungele izinkampani ezibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kukho kokubili ukulethwa kwemayela lokugcina kanye nokuphathwa kwezindleko. Le modeli ithuthukisa umzila futhi ithuthukise ukuphathwa kokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela isize ekwehliseni izindleko ngokusebenza kwayo okumaphakathi kanye nokubekwa kwehhabhu lamasu. Okwamanje, ngesikhathi esiphansi kwezokuthutha (i-TNT) kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza ezingcono, imodeli yehabhu ne-spoke nayo ithuthukisa kakhulu isigaba sokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina elibalulekile.
Okokugcina, uma kuziwa ezinhlotsheni zokuthunyelwa, I-Less Than Truckload (LTL) iyindlela yokuthunyelwa esetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwemodeli yehabhu ne-spoke. Ngenkathi i Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-LTL ukuthunyelwa kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhula okusheshayo komkhakha we-ecommerce emakethe yase-United States, isizathu esikhulu esenza le modeli ifaneleke kakhulu ukuthunyelwa kwe-LTL yingoba ihambisana kahle nengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-LTL, egxile ekuhlanganisweni kokuthunyelwa okuncane okuhlukahlukene endaweni yehabhu ngaphambi kokuyisabalalisa ezindaweni eziningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-Full Truckload (FTL) nakho kuvame ukusebenzisa imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, lapho izimpahla ezivela kubahlinzeki abancane abahlukahlukene noma izizinda zesifunda kufanele zihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kwakheke ukugcwala kweloli okuhloselwe indawo eyodwa yokulethwa. Isimo esijwayelekile se-FTL ngaphansi kwale modeli singase sihlanganise umkhiqizi wezimoto odinga ukugcwala kweloli kwezingxenye ezithile zokuthunyelwa, njengezinjini noma ukuthunyelwa, okuvela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene ezweni lonke ngaphambi kokuziletha kwenye yezimboni zabo eziyinhloko.
Ubuhle obuphakathi nendawo
Emgogodleni wayo, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke ku-logistics iwuhlobo lwendlela yezokuthutha esiza ukuthuthukisa imizila yokulethwa nezikhathi zokulethwa ngokuhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ye-warehouse kanye nezinqubo zokulethwa endaweni emaphakathi. Inqubo iyonke ibandakanya ukuqoqwa kwezimpahla ezivela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene, ukuzihlunga, nokuzihlanganisa kuhabhu ngaphambi kokuziletha ezindaweni eziningi zokugcina ngokusebenzisa imizila ekhulunyiwe ebekwe kahle.
Ngokusebenza okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokubekwa kwamasu kwamahabhu nezikhulumi, izinsiza zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele futhi zabiwe njengoba zonke zigxile kakhulu endaweni eyodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela emaphakathi iphinde isize ukuthuthukisa ukulethwa kwemayela lokugcina ngesikhathi esincishisiwe sokuthutha. Ukuguquguquka kwayo ekusekeleni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlela zokuthutha kwenza le modeli ibe yisixazululo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo esihlasimulisayo nesiguquguqukayo samabhizinisi amaningi.
Kafushane, imodeli ye-hub-and-spoke izuzisa kakhulu emabhizinisini anamanethiwekhi abanzi okusabalalisa, amaketango ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nesidingo sokufinyelela okubanzi kwezindawo. Nakuba i-LTL (Less Than Truckload) iwuhlobo lokuthunyelwa olusetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwale modeli ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kwe-ecommerce nezimboni ezihlobene futhi ngokuhambisana nokuhambisana kwayo nemvelo yale modeli, ukuthunyelwa kwe-FTL (Full Truckload) nakho kungazuza kule modeli ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinjengezezimoto.
Ukuze uthole imininingwane ejulile yezokuthutha kanye nokufinyelela kusisetshenziswa esiphelele semibono namasu ebhizinisi elithengiswayo, vakashela I-Cooig.com Iyafunda kaningi. Thola ukufinyelela okulula emibonweni elandelayo yezinguquko yebhizinisi ngokuchofoza okulula.
