Ukuphatha kahle i-inventory njengosomabhizinisi kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwebhizinisi. Akunandaba ukuthi umuntu uyimbonini, iyasiza ukugcina amazinga esitoko futhi uvimbele ukushoda kwesitoko. Kodwa ukuphathwa kwempahla kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele, ikakhulukazi njengomthengisi we-newbie.
Nokho, kunesixazululo esisezingeni lomkhakha onawo - usebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC. Lokhu kuhlaziya kuhlukanisa uhlu lwamagama lomuntu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinikeza imbuyiselo engcono kakhulu, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi aphathe uhlu lwawo ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke le ndatshana izonikeza umbono omfishane wokuthi kuyini ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC, ngaphambi kokugqamisa ukuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukusiza ibhizinisi lakho ukuthi lenze inzuzo.
Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC?
Izigaba zokuhlaziywa kwe-inventory ye-ABC
Ungabala kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Izinzuzo zokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Izinyathelo zokuqalisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC
Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC ezimbonini ezahlukene
Isiphetho sendaba
Kuyini ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC?
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-inventory ye-ABC kubhekisela kusistimu yokuhlukanisa ngezigaba ehlela futhi ehlonze inani lamayunithi e-inventory ngokusekelwe ekubalulekeni kwawo ebhizinisini. Idatha yengozi, izindleko, kanye nesidingo yizici ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kuhlanganiswe izinto ezibalulekile ezihlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengisi bazothola izimpahla namasevisi abaluleke kakhulu ebhizinisini labo.
Izigaba zokuhlaziywa kwe-inventory ye-ABC
Ekuhlaziyweni kwe-ABC, abathengisi bahlukanisa izimpahla namasevisi abo okungenani emaqenjini amathathu:
- Iqembu A lisho iyunithi yokugcinwa kwesitoko ebaluleke kakhulu (i-SKU) ngokusekelwe ekuthengisweni noma kumthamo. Futhi, leli qembu linenani elincane kakhulu lezinto.
- Iqembu B lilandela A — ngokokubaluleka, nokho, izinto ezikuleli qembu ngokuvamile ziba zinkulu ngevolumu enosizo oluphelele kuneqembu A.
- Iqembu C yi-SKU enokubaluleka okuncane. Iqukethe umthamo omkhulu wezimpahla, kodwa lezo ezinenani elincane elingenisa imali.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, abanye abathengisi bakhetha ukuhlanganisa izimpahla zabo namasevisi abe yizigaba ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
Mayelana nomgomo wePareto, iqembu A limele u-20% wezinto ezikhiqiza u-80% wemali engenayo. Iqembu B lisezingeni eliphakathi elimele u-30% wezimpahla namasevisi akhulula u-15% kuya ku-20% wemali engenayo etholiwe. Nakuba u-50% osele eqenjini C ukhiqiza kuphela u-5% wemali engenayo. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuhlaziya kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokugxila kulawo ma-SKU abalulekile anesibopho semali engenayo eningi.
Ungabala kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abaphathi bohlu bangasebenzisa ukubala kokuhlaziya kwe-ABC kokubili kwesitoko somuntu ngamunye neseqembu.
Nazi izinyathelo ezinhlanu ezidingekayo zokuqalisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC:
- Phindaphinda intengo yayo yonke into ngenani lonyaka lemikhiqizo ethengisiwe.
- Ngokusekelwe kunani lento, dala iqembu lomkhiqizo ngamunye ngohlelo olwehlayo.
- Okulandelayo, engeza isamba senani lezinto kanye nevelu yokusetshenziswa kwazo.
- Bala iphesenti elikhulayo levelu esetshenziswayo yento ngayinye ngonyaka, kanye nephesenti lezinto ezithengisiwe.
- Okokugcina, hlukanisa idatha yokugcina emaqenjini amathathu ngesilinganiso esingu-80:15:5.
Nasi isibonelo sokubala ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC esitolo samahembe - ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokukhombisa inqubo.
Isinyathelo 1: Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhlaziyeni kwe-ABC ukuphindaphinda izindleko zomkhiqizo ngamunye ngesamba sengqikithi yezinto ezisesitolo.
| izinto | Isamba senani lezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | Izindleko ngokuhle | Inani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) |
| Amahembe Denim | 7,500 | $100 | $750,000 |
| Amahembe ezinkampani | 10,000 | $250 | $2,500,000 |
| T-shirts | 20,000 | $25 | $500,000 |
| Amahembe kaPolo | 5,000 | $30 | $150,000 |
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Okulandelayo, hlela amanani enombolo ngohlelo olwehlayo.
| izinto | Isamba senani lezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | Izindleko ngokuhle | Inani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) |
| Amahembe ezinkampani | 10,000 | $250 | $2,500,000 |
| Amahembe Denim | 7,500 | $100 | $750,000 |
| T-shirts | 20,000 | $25 | $500,000 |
| Amahembe kaPolo | 5,000 | $30 | $150,000 |
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Yenza isamba senani lokusetshenziswa konyaka nenani lezimpahla ezithengisiwe.
| izinto | Isamba senani lezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | Izindleko ngokuhle | Inani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) |
| Amahembe ezinkampani | 10,000 | $250 | $2,500,000 |
| Amahembe Denim | 7,500 | $100 | $750,000 |
| T-shirts | 20,000 | $25 | $500,000 |
| Amahembe kaPolo | 5,000 | $30 | $150,000 |
| Ubude | 42,500 | $3,900,000 |
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Thola iphesenti lenombolo yonyaka yento ngayinye ethengisiwe kanye nenani layo lokusetshenziswa.
| izinto | Isamba senani lezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | Izindleko ngokuhle | Inani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) | % wezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | % yenani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) |
| Amahembe ezinkampani | 10,000 | $250 | $2,500,000 | 23.52 | 64.1 |
| Amahembe Denim | 7,500 | $100 | $750,000 | 17.65 | 19.23 |
| T-shirts | 20,000 | $25 | $500,000 | 47.05 | 12.82 |
| Amahembe kaPolo | 5,000 | $30 | $150,000 | 11.76 | 3.84 |
| Ingqikithi | 42,500 | $3,900,000 |
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ekugcineni, hlanganisa idatha kusigaba A, B, no-C.
| lokubiza | izinto | Isamba senani lezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | Izindleko ngokuhle | Inani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) | % wezinto ezithengiswayo (ngonyaka) | % yenani lokusetshenziswa (ngonyaka) |
| 83.33% ( A) | Amahembe ezinkampani | 10,000 | $250 | $2,500,000 | 23.52 | 64.1 |
| Amahembe Denim | 7,500 | $100 | $750,000 | 17.65 | 19.23 | |
| I-12.82 | T-shirts | 20,000 | $25 | $500,000 | 47.05 | 12.82 |
| 3.84 (C) | Amahembe kaPolo | 5,000 | $30 | $150,000 | 11.76 | 3.84 |
| Ingqikithi | 42,500 | $3,900,000 |
Izinzuzo zokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC okwenza kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwempahla nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kukonke.
Ukusebenziseka kahle kwempahla
Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC, abathengisi bangakwazi ukubona ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi bezitolo bangakwazi ukuqoqa okuningi kwezimpahla ezidingeka kakhulu endaweni yokugcina izimpahla futhi banciphise isitoko semikhiqizo ezigabeni B no-C. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi balondoloze isilinganiso semali esebenzayo futhi bathuthukise ukuphepha kwebhizinisi.
Imvume yomhlinzeki yakamuva
Ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zenza amaphesenti angama-70 kuye kwangama-80 okuthengiswa kwazo emikhiqizweni yeqembu A, kuyinto evamile ukuba xoxisana ngamadili angcono nabahlinzeki balezo zimpahla ezithile. Uma izindleko eziphansi zingasebenzi nabakhiqizi noma abahlinzeki, abathengisi bangaxoxisana ukuze bathunyelwe mahhala. Kungenjalo, abathengisi bangacela ukwehliswa kwenkokhelo ephansi noma isivumelwano sangemuva kokuthenga ukuze banciphise inani labo lokuqala lokuthenga.
Umjikelezo wempilo yomkhiqizo othuthukisiwe kanye nokuqagela kwempahla okuthuthukisiwe
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi athole ukuqonda okucacile komjikelezo wempilo wamanje womkhiqizo futhi enze izibikezelo ezinembile zesidingo sesikhathi esizayo sento. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhizinisi angaba nezinga eliphelele le-inventory yesitoko. Futhi, abaphathi bangaba nencazelo yokuthengisa enemininingwane eminingi - okusho ukuthi izinkampani zingasetha amazinga amanani anembe kakhulu.
Inhlangano ye-supply chain ehlelekile
Abathengisi bangasebenzisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC ukuze bazi isikhathi esikahle sokusebenzisa umthombo owodwa womphakeli ukwenza lula ukusebenza kwabo nokunciphisa izindleko. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangabheka imiphumela yokuhlaziya futhi baqinisekise ukuthi badinga ukuhlanganisa abahlinzeki abaningi ukuze bakhulise ukuthengisa.
Isibonelo, ngesigaba C esinomhlinzeki oyedwa kuphela, inqubo yokusebenza ilula ngoba umphathi wonga isikhathi sokuthola kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene ukuze enze eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaphathi bangasebenzisa idatha yesigaba A ukuze bathole uhla lwabahlinzeki, ngakho-ke esimweni lapho umphakeli oyedwa engathengi, omunye umphakeli angabizwa njengebambela. Ngaleyo ndlela, inqubo yokuhlinzeka iba evikeleke kakhulu.
Izinyathelo zokuqalisa ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC
Khomba ukuthi yini okudingeka ihlaziywe futhi ubikezele i-quotient yempumelelo
Izinjongo ezimbili ezibalulekile cishe zizoshayela ibhizinisi ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC. Okokuqala, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga. Okwesibili, ukukhulisa umkhawulo wenzuzo ngokucubungula nokugcina izimpahla ezibaluleke kakhulu endaweni yokugcina impahla.
Qoqa idatha edingekayo ukuze kuhlaziywe
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile siwukuqoqa idatha yokuthengwa yaminyaka yonke yayo yonke into yesitoko - njengezindleko zokuthutha, ukukhiqiza, isamba esikaliniwe, nezindleko ze-oda, phakathi kokunye.
Chaza uhlu lwempahla ngohlelo olwehlayo
Lapha, abathengisi bahlela izinto ezihlukahlukene zesitoko futhi bazazise ngohlelo oluyehlayo - kusukela kwezikhiqiza kakhulu kuye kwezincane.
Linganisa umthelela oqongelelekayo
Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya abaphathi ukwenza uhlu lwemikhiqizo yabo futhi bayifake kusipredishithi. Ngalokhu, kulula ukubala umthelela okhulayo ebhizinisini. Abaphathi bangaqala ngokuhlukanisa imikhiqizo ibe amakholomu amabili.
Ikholomu yokuqala iyisamba semikhiqizo ethengisiwe, kanti eyesibili ingeyezindleko zonyaka zemikhiqizo. Bese, abaphathi bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-inventory ngokubala iphesenti elikhulayo levelu yokusetshenziswa yonyaka.
Hlela i-inventory ngokusekelwe esidingweni esiphezulu
Kulesi sinyathelo, amabhizinisi adinga ukusebenzisa Isimiso Se-Pareto. Akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi abaphathi basebenzise umthetho we-80/20, kodwa kufanele basebenzise indlela efanayo ukukala imikhiqizo. Isibonelo, abaphathi bangafaka izinyathelo ezinjengokuqinisekisa inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo, ukwenza uzimele isu lentengo yomkhiqizo, ukuxoxisana okuzuzisayo nabahlinzeki, nokunye.
Bheka ukuhlukaniswa futhi uhlele imikhiqizo ngokufanele
Okokugcina, amabhizinisi kufanele ahlaziye ngokucophelela izigaba futhi ahlele imikhiqizo ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizeni kwabo imali. Ngakho-ke, uma into ethile inembuyiselo ephansi, izobekwa phansi ohlwini, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ephezulu yokubuyisela izohlala phezulu. Futhi, amabhizinisi kufanele aqaphe ukusebenza komkhiqizo, amanani, kanye nesidingo samakhasimende.
Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC
Gcina izigaba zilula
Enye yezindlela ezihamba phambili zokuhlaziya i-ABC ukuhlukanisa izinto ngendlela okulula ukuzihlunga. Abaphathi bangahlukanisa izinto ngokuya ngokuthi bahamba kaningi kangakanani enkampanini. Bangakwazi futhi ukudala isigaba "esiphelile" semikhiqizo ehamba ngokushesha futhi bahlukanise izinto ngokusekelwe emalini yabo yenzuzo yonke.
Enye indlela esebenzayo iwukuhlukanisa izinto zibe amakilasi A, B, kanye no-C. Ikilasi A lizoba nemikhiqizo ebizayo, Ikilasi B liyoba nemikhiqizo enenani elilinganiselwe, futhi Ikilasi C liyoba nezinto ezibiza kancane.
Yabela isevisi namazinga omsebenzi kanyekanye
Amabhizinisi kufanele abele amazinga esevisi ngokusekelwe esigabeni somkhiqizo. Isibonelo, bangachitha amahora angu-5 bebuyekeza izinto ezingu-50 ze-Class A ezibiza kakhulu, namahora angu-5 bebuyekeza izinto ezingu-5,000 ze-Class C ezingabizi kakhulu.
Amabhrendi angaphinda acabangele ukubala komjikelezo ohleliwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni umkhiqizo. Ngaleyo ndlela, umuntu angagxila ekubaleni umjikelezo ovamile emikhiqizweni Yekilasi A kuyilapho enciphisa isikhathi esichithwa kwamanye amakilasi.
Hlukanisa ama-KPI ngeklasi
Abaphathi kufanele badale amadeshibhodi aqondile, ama-KPI, nemibiko engashintshi yekilasi ngalinye ukuze baqonde ukusebenza namandla ebhizinisi.
Dala ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza
Uma ukugcinwa okuphelele kwempahla kufanele, abaphathi bangakwazi ukubuyekeza ukusebenza okusekelwe ezigabeni ze-ABC. Kuzosiza ibhizinisi libe nokubambezeleka okumbalwa futhi kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza njengoba imikhiqizo ifinyelela kubathengi ngokushesha ukuze kwenyuswe imali engenayo.
Linganisa isitokwe esinqwabelene
Amanye amabhizinisi awanazo izitoko ezisele ngenxa yokuthi kungase kungadingeki futhi kube yingozi ukubamba. Kodwa uma isitokwe esinqwabelene sibonakala sinokuthetheleleka ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuhlukanisa lesi sitoko ngendlela efanele.
Futhi, ukuze kube nendlela ehleleke kakhudlwana, amanye amabhizinisi aphumelelayo asebenzisa uhlelo lokuphatha olufika ngesikhathi ukuze awasize athole izimpahla ngesikhathi esidingeka ngaso. Ngaleyo ndlela, bagwema ukuwagcina isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke.
Gijima unqamule izindawo
Abaphathi bochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla badinga ukwengamela izindawo ezibonakalayo ngoba kukhulisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende ngokuhambisa izimpahla ngendlela engabizi kakhulu ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukwethembeka.
Hlala ubale i-inventory kwezokuthutha
Ngokuvamile, izinto zihamba phakathi kwezindawo. Ngakho-ke, abaphathi kufanele balandelele lezi zinto ngokuqapha isikhathi phakathi kokuthunyelwa kanye nosuku lokutholwa. Ngaleyo ndlela, kungenzeka ukugcina amarekhodi e-inventory ngokulandelana. Ukwengeza, amabhizinisi adinga ukubhalisa ukulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo.
Ukuhlelwa kabusha komkhiqizo kufanele kube nezimo
Ukuvumelana nezimo kubalulekile lapho uhlela kabusha imikhiqizo. Isibonelo, abaphathi bangase benze ukuhlelwa kabusha kwempahla ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yemikhuba yokuthenga yabathengi, ushintsho kuma-KPI, noma ukwanda kokuduma kwemikhiqizo emisha.
Cabangela i-inventory nokuthengisa emjikelezweni
Abaphathi kufanele bavume ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-inventory nokuthengisa. Uma kunokwanda kokuthengiswa, inani lempahla liyakhuphuka, futhi amabhizinisi kufanele aphinde asikwe ngokuphikisana neshejuli yawo ecatshangwayo. Ngokuphambene, lapho ukuthengisa kwehla, uhlu lwamagama luyancipha, futhi ukuhlolwa kabusha kwezigaba zomkhiqizo namazinga wesitoko kufanele kwenzeke.
Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nemininingwane evela kudatha
Amasistimu azenzakalelayo asiza amabhizinisi ukuthi aqedele imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifushane, isibonelo ngokwazi ama-upticks adingeka kakhulu, aqedele izinqubo zokugcwalisa, nokunye. Ngale datha, abaphathi bangagada kalula ukuhlelwa kwesidingo kanye nezikhathi zokuhola.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC ezimbonini ezahlukene
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC kwezokudayisa kanye ne-e-commerce
Ukuphathwa kwe-ABC kunenzuzo embonini ye-e-commerce neyokuthengisa, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngezigaba zamakhasimende. Abathengisi bangasebenzisa idatha evela ekuhlaziyeni kwe-ABC ukuze bazi imikhiqizo yabo ephumelela kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, bangagcizelela ukukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo enjalo ngokukhangisa — okungathuthukisa ukuthengisa kukonke.
kubekwa khona
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-inventory ye-ABC kubalulekile ezinqolobaneni ngoba kusiza ngemijikelezo yesitoko. Isibonelo, abaphathi bangasebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-inventory ukubala izinto zesigaba A njalo ngekota. Imikhiqizo yekilasi B ingadinga ukubalwa kabili ngonyaka, kuyilapho izinto zekilasi C zingabalwa minyaka yonke.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC embonini yokukhiqiza
Ngokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC, abakhiqizi bayakwazi ukuthola umkhawulo kanye nemikhiqizo edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amaphesenti angama-20 aphezulu ezimpahla ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, bangasebenzisa idatha ukuze babeke phambili izinsiza zabantu, isikhathi, nezinsiza zezimali.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC embonini yezimoto
Ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwe-ABC, abakhiqizi embonini yezimoto bangakwazi:
- Gada inani labasebenzi bawo
- Khomba imishini ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu
- Thola idatha edingekayo ukuze ucule kahle ukukhiqizwa futhi ukhuphule inzuzo
Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizi unolawulo lwempahla, imininingwane enjalo ingasiza ukuqonda amaleveli okunikezwayo alungile, futhi ivumele abakhiqizi ukuthi baxoxisane ngamadili angcono nabahlinzeki futhi bathuthukise ukukhiqizwa kwabo.
Isiphetho sendaba
Kulezi zinsuku, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-ABC njengendlela eqhutshwa idatha yokuthuthukisa ukunemba, ukuziphendulela, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngale nqubo, abaphathi bokusungula bangakwazi ukuhlukanisa amasheya ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizeni imali engenayo kanye nenani. Iphinde ivumele amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlele ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngendlela efanele.
Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani ukuhlaziya kwe-ABC kube intandokazi yemboni, futhi lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukugqamisa ukuthi ungakusiza kanjani ukuphatha uhlu lwakho lokusungula ngempumelelo, bese ugxila emikhiqizweni engakhuphula inzuzo yakho iyonke.
