Kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elifuna ukwenza noma ukuthenga izimpahla ngaphandle kwase-US, bese lizingenisa e-US ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda mayelana nokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo kanye nendlela esebenza ngayo. I-the united states Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ephoqelela imithetho neziqondiso emingceleni yase-US, ilawula ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla ezingangena ezweni, nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi, izintela nezinye izinkokhelo ezingase zisetshenziswe ukwenza kanjalo. Lesi sihloko sichaza indima ye-CBP nabalingani bayo, kanye nezici ezibalulekile zokugunyazwa kwempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe.
Okuqukethwe
Yiziphi izinto eziyisisekelo zokungeniswa kwe-US kanye Nemikhuba?
Iyini inqubo ye-US yokukhipha intela yempahla?
Obani abathintekayo enqubweni yokungenisa yase-US?
Kuyini ukuthobela iCustoms kanye nemithelela yako?
I-Customs inamthelela kanjani i-e-commerce kanye nokungeniswa ngaphandle kwenani eliphansi?
Amaphuzu ayisifinyezo angukhiye
Yiziphi izinto eziyisisekelo zokungeniswa kwe-US kanye Nemikhuba?
Iqhaza leCustoms and Border Protection (CBP)
I-United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zomthetho emhlabeni. Inesibopho sokuvikela nokwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukuhlola nokuqoqa imisebenzi, izintela nezimali ezikhokhwayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho neziqondiso zeCustoms yase-US. Iphinde inikeze isiqondiso senqubo ukuze sisize abathekelisi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwabo akunaziphazamiso ezinonya, noma ukuphazamisa iziqukathi noma izimpahla.
Umngenisi Werekhodi (IOR) kanye nezibopho
Yini uMngenisi Werekhodi? Njengoba kushiwo yi-CBP, i Umngenisi weRekhodi (IOR) inesibopho sokugcwalisa konke imibhalo edingekayo yokungena yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ethekwini lokungena, futhi unesibopho esisemthethweni sokunemba kwamadokhumenti.
Umthekelisi Werekhodi kungaba umnikazi, umthengi, noma umdayisi oqokiwe onelayisense yempahla ephumayo. Amafomu okufaka e-CBP acela inombolo yokungenisa ezweni, ngokuvamile okungeyoMthekelisi Werekhodi Inombolo yokubhaliswa kwebhizinisi le-IRS noma inombolo yokuphepha yomphakathi.
Ukuqonda izidingo zokugunyazwa kwamasiko ase-US kanye nokucubungula kungaba yinkimbinkimbi. Ngakho-ke, ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe angasebenzisa izinsiza zomthengisi wempahla ongenayo ilayisense ojwayelene nenqubo yokungenisa kanye nezimfuneko zempahla yakho ethile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthengisi wempahla ephumayo onelayisensi akasusi izibopho ezingokomthetho kumthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe mayelana nemibhalo yokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo ethunyelwe.
Izisekelo zemisebenzi kanye nezintela
Imisebenzi yentela nezindleko zikhona ngenjongo yokukhulisa imali engenayo kahulumeni, ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya, kanye nokuba nomthelela wenqubomgomo yohwebo.
Imisebenzi kanye nezintela kungase kubekwe emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa e-US, futhi inani layo elithile alikwazi ukuhlolwa ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho yonke imininingwane yokungenela isibuyekezwa yiCustoms. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo enembile kanye nolwazi kuCustoms akuyona nje imfuneko yokuthobela imithetho, kodwa kungase kuthinte inani eliphelele lemisebenzi kanye nezintela futhi.
Iyini inqubo ye-US yokukhipha intela yempahla?
Inqubo yokungenisa ye-CBP
- Lapho ukuthunyelwa kufinyelela e-United States, Umthekelisi Werekhodi uzothumela amadokhumenti okungena ezimpahla ku-CBP esikhumulweni sokungena.
- I-bill of lading ingase isebenze njengobufakazi belungelo lokungena, noma i-airwaybill ingase isetshenziselwe impahla efika ngendiza.
- Ukumenyezelwa kwezimpahla ezifakwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe ekhaya kungenziwa ngekhompyutha kusetshenziswa isixhumi esibonakalayo esizenzakalelayo se-CBP .
- Ngemva kokuthunyelwa kokungenayo, ukuthunyelwa kungase kuhlolwe, noma ukuhlolwa kungase kuhoxiswe. Ukuthunyelwa kuyabe sekudedelwa, ngaphandle kokuthi kube nokwephulwa kwezomthetho noma kwezomthetho okwenzekile.
- Ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele futhi axhumane nezinye izinhlangano uma kuphakama imibuzo mayelana nempahla ethile.
Customs entry kanye nemibhalo
Mayelana nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, i-CBP ivamise ukusebenzisa Ifomu 7501 “Isifinyezo Sokungenela” ukunquma ulwazi olufanele lwempahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa ukulinganisa inani, ukuhlukaniswa, izwe lendabuko, njll.
Isifinyezo esifushane sokuhambisana imibhalo efomini lokungenela kuhlanganisa:
- I-Entry Manifest (i-CBP Form 7533) noma Isicelo, Imvume Ekhethekile Yokulethwa Ngokushesha (i-CBP Ifomu 3461), noma olunye uhlobo lokukhishwa kokuthengiswayo oludingwa yi-CBP
- Ubufakazi belungelo lokungena
- I-invoyisi yezentengiso
- Izinhlu zokupakisha, uma kufaneleka
- Amanye amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kunqunywe ukwamukelwa kokuthengiswayo
Ukubalwa kwentela yokungenisa, izintela, nezinkokhelo
I-CBP isebenzisa i- I-Harmonised Tariff System (HTS) ukunquma intela yentela kanye nentela. Komthengi ongaphandle, i-US International Trade Commission's I-Tariff Database ingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ngenani lentela yomkhiqizo othile, ngokwezinga ikhodi yawo yentela enqunywa ngayo. I-CBP izohlola inani lokugcina lentela ngokusekelwe kukho kokubili ikhodi yentela kanye nenani elimenyeziwe lempahla.
I-CBP iphinda iqoqe izintela zikahulumeni egameni lezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni, lapho kufanele khona. Ukuhlolwa kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izintela zokungenisa kwamanye amazwe kuzoncika ekutheni impahla ingenisiwe. Isibonelo, ukungeniswa kophuzo oludakayo noma imikhiqizo kagwayi kuzoba ngaphansi kwe-Federal Excise Tax.
Imali yomsebenzisi we-CBP
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi kanye nentela yempahla, i-CBP iphinda iqoqe 'izimali zomsebenzisi' ezimpahleni ezingeniswa e-US. Lokhu kuzoncika ohlotsheni lokungena nendlela yokuthutha esetshenziselwa ukuletha izimpahla e-US. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa.
Imali Yokucubungula Okuthengiswayo (MPF)
Ukungenisa okusemthethweni nokungakahleleki e-US kungaphansi Kwemali Yokucubungula Impahla (MPF). Le nkokhelo isekelwe kumaphesenti yenani lempahla ethengwayo engenisiwe, ngaphandle kwentela, impahla, kanye nezindleko zomshwalense, futhi ibalwa ku-0.3464% enani lokungenisa elisemthethweni lokungenela okusemthethweni. Okokufakwa okungakahleleki (isb. ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe okunenani elingaphansi kuka-$2,500) i-MPF iyinkokhelo emisiwe engu-$2.22, u-$6.66 noma u-$9.99 ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye.
Imali Yokulungisa Ichweba (HMF)
Uma izimpahla zingeniswa ngomkhumbi, khona-ke i-CBP iphinde iqoqe Imali Yokugcinwa Kwezikhumulo Semikhumbi (HMF) engu-0.125% yenani lempahla. I-HMF ayiqoqwa empahleni ethunyelwa ngeposi noma engeniswe ngendiza.
Obani abathintekayo enqubweni yokungenisa yase-US?
Izinhlangothi ezibalulekile ezibandakanyekayo kunqubo yokungenisa zingafingqwa ngokuthi:
- Umthumeli/Umkhiqizi/Umthumeli: iqembu elithumela izimpahla zisuka endaweni
- Umamukeli/Umthengi/Othunyelelwayo: iqembu okuthunyelwa kulo izimpahla
- Umngenisi Werekhodi: inhlangano enesibopho esisemthethweni sokuletha imibhalo ephelele nanembile ku-CBP
- I-Customs Broker: Inkampani yangaphandle enikezwe ilayisense yi-CBP ukuthi isekele/isebenzele umthengi ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe
Iqhaza le-Customs Broker
I-Customs broker ingaqokwa ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe ukuba immelele ukuze ihambise wonke amadokhumenti ku-CBP ukuze kucutshungulwe ukugunyazwa kwentela engenayo. Lena iphathi ukuthi ilayisensi yi-CBP njengolwazi oludingekayo lwemithetho/imithethonqubo ye-US Customs, izinqubo nezimfuneko zokungenisa, kanye nempahla yokungenisa.
I-Customs broker yenza kube lula imvume kulowo ongenisa impahla ngaphandle, kodwa akayena umthengi osemthethweni wezimpahla, futhi akanasibopho esisemthethweni sokukhokha imisebenzi nezintela.
Kuyini ukuthobela iCustoms kanye nemithelela yako?
I-US CBP isebenzisa uhlelo 'lokuhambisana nolwazi' kanye nomqondo 'wokunakekelwa okuphusile' maqondana izibopho zokuthobela.
Ukuthobela ukwaziswa
Ukuthobela ukwaziswa kuthatha isibopho esabiwe phakathi kwe-CBP nomphakathi ongenisa impahla ngaphandle. I-CBP idlulisela izidingo zayo, imithetho neziqondiso emphakathini ongenisa impahla ngaphandle, futhi umphakathi uyavuma ukuyithobela. Lokhu kuthobela ukwaziswa kuzuzisa izinhlangothi zombili.
Okubalulekile okulindelekile kokuthobela ukwaziswa ukuthi ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe usebenzisa ukunakekela okuphusile lapho engenisa.
Ukunakekela okunengqondo
Ukunakekela okuphusile kuyisibopho esisobala somthengi ongaphandle. Kulindeleke ukuthi bathathe zonke izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho nezimfuneko, nokuthi wonke amadokhumenti aqedwe ngokufanele nangokunembile.
Izinkinga zokungenisa ezijwayelekile
Amadokhumenti angalungile noma angaphelele, noma ulwazi olungadalulwanga kahle, lungadala ukubambezeleka kokungena futhi lube nezinhlawulo, nokho lezi ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezibhekana nabangenisi.
Amadokhumenti kufanele aqukathe lonke ulwazi oludingwa umthetho noma iziqondiso, futhi zonke izitatimende kufanele zibe yiqiniso futhi zinembile. Ulwazi olunganembile, olungaphelele noma oludukisayo olwethulwa ku-CBP lungabangela ukubambezeleka ekukhishweni kwempahla, izinhlawulo ezingaba khona, noma ukuboshwa kwezimpahla.
Njengoba kuchazwa 'ukunakekela okuphusile', ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kungase kudingeke aqinisekise ukuthi wenze ngokucophelela, noma akazange abe nobudedengu, ukugwema izinhlawulo ezingaba khona noma ukubambezeleka kokukhishwa kwezimpahla yi-CBP.
Izidingo zokungenisa ze-Partner Government Agency (PGA).
Ngaphandle kwe-CBP, kunezinye izikhungo zikahulumeni ezilawula izimpahla e-US, njengezitshalo nokudla, imithi nezidakamizwa, izinhlanzi nezilwane zasendle, utshwala nogwayi. Lawa ma-Ejensi Kahulumeni Obambisene (ama-PGA) alawula izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla, futhi ezinye izimpahla zingase zilawulwe yi-PGA engaphezu kweyodwa.
Nakuba kuyizinhlaka Zikahulumeni Wozakwethu (ama-PGA) alawula impahla ehlobene, i-CBP isebenza njengenhlangano ephoqelela leyo mithetho ye-PGA lapho kungena khona.
Izijeziso ze-US Customs
Uma ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe ehlulekile ukuthobela izimfuneko ezisebenzayo zokungenisa, kunezijeziso ezingaba khona zomphakathi noma zobugebengu ezingalethwa yi-CBP. Izinkinga zokungathobeli zingase zihlanganise ukwenza izitatimende ezingamanga, ukungakhulumi kabi ngempahla noma inani layo, ukweqa ulwazi ngamabomu, noma okunye ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa izinga lokunakekela okuphusile okulindelekile.
Mayelana nezijeziso zomphakathi, i-CBP ingasebenzisa lokhu okulandelayo:
Isijeziso se-US Customs ngokukhwabanisa
Ngokukhwabanisa, inani lasekhaya lokuthengiswayo kwamanye amazwe, okuchazwa yi-CBP njengokuphindwe kabili kwevelu elimenyezelwe.
Isijeziso se-US Customs ngobudedengu
Ngobudedengu, kufika izikhathi ezimbili zemisebenzi elahlekile, noma u-20% yenani elimenyezelwe kanye nobudedengu obukhulu, kufika ngokuphindwe kane kunemisebenzi elahlekile, noma u-40% yenani elimenyeziwe.
Izijeziso zobugebengu ze-US Customs
Ezijezisweni zobugebengu, kunemithetho eminingi yobugebengu engasebenza kuye ngomongo othize. I-CBP izokwenza uphenyo olungase luholele ekudluliseleni kobugebengu kummeli wase-US.
I-Customs inamthelela kanjani i-e-commerce kanye nokungeniswa ngaphandle kwenani eliphansi?
Isu/uhlelo lwe-CBP E-commerce
I-CBP iyaqaphela ukuthi i-E-Commerce iyingxenye ekhulayo yomnotho wase-US nokuthi izinqubo zokungenisa impahla kufanele zivumelane nale ndawo entsha yebhizinisi. Ngesu layo le-E-commerce, i-CBP ichaza i-E-commerce ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwevolumu ephezulu, okunenani eliphansi kungena e-United States.
Isibonelo, esimemezelweni sangaphambilini esihlobene nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla zasekhaya nezikhungo zokugcwalisa, i-CBP ikhiphe isinqumo sokuphatha esicacisa ukuthi ukungenisa ezweni okwenziwa umuntu ongeyena isakhamuzi sangaphandle ngosuku olulodwa futhi kwathunyelwa endaweni egcwalisayo yase-US noma endaweni yokugcina impahla, kungase kufanelekele ukungena ngokusemthethweni, ngaphandle kwentela ngokusebenzisa “de minimis” ukukhululwa.
Izinhlelo ze-CBP/abashayeli bezindiza abaphathelene ne-E-commerce
Ngo-2019, i-CBP yaqala i-Section 321 Data Pilot, ukubambisana kokuzithandela nezinhlangano zebhizinisi ezikhethiwe ukuze kuhlolwe amaketanga nezinqubo zokunikezwa kwe-E-commerce. Abahlanganyeli bomshayeli wendiza bafaka phakathi izinkampani eziningi ze-E-commerce supply chain.
Isigaba 321, 19 USC 1321 yisimiso sase-US esichaza amanani we-de minimis ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwamukelwa kwama-athikili mahhala kanye nanoma iyiphi intela lapho inani lingeqi inani elinqunywe kusengaphambili. Isilinganiso samanje se-de minimis singama-US$800.
Amaphuzu ayisifinyezo angukhiye
I-US Customs and Border Protection agency (CBP) ikhona ukuze ivikele imingcele yayo kanye nohwebo lwase-US ekulimaleni okungadingekile, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza i-US kube lula ukwenza ibhizinisi nayo.
Kumuntu ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo eziyisisekelo zokungenisa kanye nemibhalo, kanye nemithelela yokungenisa ukuze wazise kangcono izinqumo zakhe zokuthola impahla kanye nebhizinisi.
Lapho uhlela ukuthunyelwa kwakho kwamanye amazwe, ungase futhi ufune usizo kubahlinzeki besevisi abangochwepheshe okuhlanganisa nabathengi bangokwezifiso kanye abathutha impahla. Kunolwazi oluningi oluwusizo mayelana nokugunyazwa kwentela yempahla kwamanye amazwe ku Iwebhusayithi ye-CBP yase-US, futhi ungathola izinkomba eziwusizo kokuthi cooig.com.
Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Cooig.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.
