Ekufuneni kwethu izixazululo zamandla esimeme, amandla elanga avele njengendlela ethembekile. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlelo, izilawuli zeshaja yelanga zidlala indima ebalulekile, hhayi kuphela ukulawula ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi kodwa futhi nokuvikela amabhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile, okusiza ekuqinisekiseni ubude besikhathi nokusebenza kwesistimu.
Lesi sihloko sidingida umhlaba wezilawuli zokushaja kwelanga, ihlola izincazelo zazo eziyisisekelo nezigaba ezahlukahlukene, zikusiza ukuthi uqonde indima yazo ebalulekile kulo mkhakha okhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokunikeza izeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuthi ungasikhetha kanjani isilawuli sokushaja esifanele izidingo zakho.
Okuqukethwe
Yiziphi izilawuli zokushaja zelanga?
Izigaba ezihlukene zezilawuli zokushaja zelanga
Izinketho zokukhetha isilawuli
Isifinyezo
Yiziphi izilawuli zokushaja zelanga?
Izilawuli ze-Solar charge ziyingxenye ebalulekile izinhlelo zamandla elanga, elawula amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage egeleza isuka kuphaneli yelanga iye ebhethrini. Indima yayo eyinhloko ukuvikela ibhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile nasekuchitheni ngokweqile, ukwelula impilo yebhethri nokugcina ukuzinza kwesistimu.
Isilawuli sokushaja siqapha isimo sebhethri futhi silungisa amapharamitha ayo wokushaja ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ishaja kahle ngenkathi ivikela amandla amoshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo lwamandla elanga, ikakhulukazi lapho isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zemvelo kanye nezidingo zomthwalo.
Isibonelo, izilawuli zokushaja ezithuthukisiwe zifakwe ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela amaphuzu aphezulu (MPPT), okusiza ukuthwebula inani eliphezulu lamandla angakhona kumaphaneli elanga.
Ngokuvamile, izilawuli zokushaja ilanga zifaka uchungechunge lwamabhodi esekethe aqapha futhi alawule amandla amanje kanye ne-voltage kusuka kuphaneli yelanga kuya ebhethrini. Kuhlanganisa futhi isibonisi esibonisa ulwazi olubalulekile, njengesimo sokushaja kanye nezinga lebhethri.
Umthamo wamanje uyipharamitha eyinhloko lapho ukhetha isilawuli sokushaja ilanga njengoba sizonquma umthamo wephaneli yelanga nebhethri. Amazinga kagesi, ikakhulukazi asesimweni sezinhlobo ze-12V, 24V, kanye ne-48V, nawo abalulekile futhi kufanele ahambisane nalo lonke uhlelo.
Amamojula athuthukile angase afake ezinye izici ezifana nokuqapha okukude, ama-LCDs, ukusebenzisana kwezinhlobo zamabhethri amaningi, nokunye. Sekukonke, ukukhetha okulungile kwesilawuli sokushaja elanga kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwesistimu.
Izigaba ezihlukene zezilawuli zokushaja zelanga
Izilawuli zokushaja zelanga zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuguquguquka kobubanzi be-pulse (I-PWM) izilawuli kanye nokulandelela amaphuzu aphezulu (I-MPPT) abalawuli.
Izilawuli ze-PWM
I-PWM izilawuli zilawula inqubo yokushaja ibhethri ngokulungisa ubude “bobubanzi be-pulse.” Le ndlela yokulawula ihlanganisa ukushintsha phakathi kokushaja kwamandla kagesi ukuze kulingise isidingo sokushaja kwebhethri.
Njengoba ibhethri selizophela, i I-PWM isilawuli sehlisa amandla wamanje ukushaja ukuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile, okusiza ukwandisa impilo yebhethri. Le ndlela ifana nendlela inqubo yokushaja ehlala “iconsa” ngayo ukuze kugcinwe ibhethri isesimweni esihle kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lwezilawuli zokushaja lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Kuqiza kahle: Izilawuli ze-PWM ngokuvamile zishibhile uma ziqhathaniswa I-MPPT izilawuli futhi zifanele ukufakwa lapho kunesabelomali esilinganiselwe kuphela.
Ilula futhi inokwethenjelwa: Lezi zilawuli zilula ekwakhiweni, zithembekile ekusebenzeni, futhi zinezidingo zokunakekela eziphansi.
Ifanele amasistimu amancane: Kuzinhlelo ezincane zokuhlala noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zelanga eziphathwayo, abalawuli be-PWM banikeza isisombululo esithengekayo.
Ukuhambisana okuhle kwesistimu: Ifanele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zamandla kagesi ajwayelekile, njenge-12V, 24V, njll., futhi ihambisana kalula nezinhlobonhlobo zamamojula elanga.
Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, isilawuli se-PWM sisebenza ngempumelelo ekusizeni ukugcina isikhathi eside sebhethri.
Lezi zinhlobo zamasistimu zinezimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza:
Amasistimu elanga asekhaya: I-PWM izilawuli ziyinketho engabizi kakhulu yezinhlelo zokuhlala lapho isidingo samandla singekho phezulu kakhulu.
I-off-grid nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo: Isibonelo, amakhempu, izikebhe, amakhabhini ezindaweni ezikude, njll. Izilawuli ze-PWM zingahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo kulezi zimo.
Amaphrojekthi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe: Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga, amasistimu amaphampu amancane, noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zamandla aphansi.
Sekukonke, izilawuli ze-PWM zibiza izindleko, zilula, futhi zithembekile. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni eziningi zelanga futhi zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ezinhlelweni ezincane, ezinomkhawulo wesabelomali lapho ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kungabalulekile.
Izilawuli ze-MPPT
I-MPPT abalawuli bawuhlobo olusebenzayo lwesilawuli se-solar charge esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga ezikalini ezahlukahlukene. Ikhono labo eliyinhloko lihlobene nokukhipha amandla amaningi angenzeka kumaphaneli elanga, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kulo lonke uhlelo.
Abalawuli be-MPPT bathola iphuzu lamandla amakhulu (MPP) ngokuqapha i-voltage ephumayo kanye namanje yamapaneli elanga ngesikhathi sangempela futhi balungise ukumelana nomthwalo noma izinga lokuguqulwa ngokufanele. Ngokwenza kanjalo, bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaneli ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zokukhanya namazinga okushisa, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphakeme kunabalawuli be-PWM.
Lolu hlobo lwesilawuli sokushaja sinezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula: Izilawuli ze-MPPT zingakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kusuka kuphaneli yelanga ukuya kubhethri, ngokuvamile okuyi-20% kuya ku-30% ephakeme kunabalawuli be-PWM.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokukhanya: Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zokukhanya, ikakhulukazi ebusika noma ngezinsuku eziguqubele.
Ifanele amaphaneli ahlukene: Izilawuli ze-MPPT zingakwazi ukuphatha amaphaneli kagesi aphezulu, zinikeze abasebenzisi izinketho eziningi zokucushwa.
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zesikhathi eside: Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokuvuna amandla kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside.
Lezi zinhlobo zezilawuli zokushaja zinezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
Imiklamo emikhulu yezentengiselwano nezimboni zelanga: Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezilawuli ze-MPPT kudlala indima ebalulekile kulawa maphrojekthi adinga amanani amakhulu okukhipha amandla.
Ukuguquguquka: Izilawuli ze-MPPT zandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuguquguqukayo noma amahora amafushane emini, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle.
Ukuhambelana: Ifanele amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi adinga izinhlobo eziningi zamaphaneli nokulungiswa kwebhethri, ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulayo.
Ukunwetshwa: Izilawuli ze-MPPT ziyinketho ekahle uma kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu yelanga ekhona.
Ngamafuphi, abalawuli be-MPPT babamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekufuneni izicelo zelanga ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo okuphezulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Naphezu kwezindleko zabo eziphakeme, banikeza ukonga okwengeziwe kwamandla kanye nekhono lokulondoloza ezindlekweni zokusebenza zesikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, zingase zifaneleke kakhulu kumasistimu elanga amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi, noma okumele asebenze ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okungazinzile.
Izinketho zokukhetha isilawuli
A I-PWM Isilawuli kufanele sikhethwe ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Isistimu yakho incane (isb, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala noma isistimu encane engaphandle kwegridi) futhi unesabelomali esilinganiselwe
- Uhlelo aludingi ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu kuma-solar panel futhi lukhathazeke kakhulu ngokusebenza kahle kwezindleko
- Ufuna isistimu elula okulula ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela
I-MPPT Izilawuli kufanele zikhethwe ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Amasistimu amakhulu noma lawo afuna izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu (isb, ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso noma kwezimboni)
- Uhlelo lokusebenza ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuguquguqukayo noma ukuhluka okuphezulu kwesizini
- Kudingeka ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu
Isifinyezo
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isilawuli sokushaja, kufanele ucabangele izici ezimbalwa. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Sukuhambisana kwesistimu: Qiniseka ukuthi isilawuli esikhethiwe sihambisana namaphaneli akho elanga namabhethri.
- Ibhajethi: Khetha isilawuli esifanele ngokusekelwe kubhajethi yakho. Khumbula ukuthi izilawuli ezishibhile zingase zingasebenzi kahle, kuyilapho izilawuli ezibizayo zinganikeza izici eziningi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
- Ibhrendi nekhwalithi: Ukukhetha umkhiqizo owaziwayo kanye nomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu kungakhuphula ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwakho
- Iwaranti nensizakalo: Hlola isikhathi sewaranti yomkhiqizo kanye nesevisi yekhasimende ehlinzekwa ngumkhiqizi
Uma usunqume zonke lezi zici, thola isistimu yakho ephelele phakathi kwezinkulungwane zezinketho ezivela kubathengisi abathembekile kuqhubeke Cooig.com.
