Umhlahlandlela Wokucaciswa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo YaseChina

Ngaphambi kokuthekelisa izimpahla zisuka eShayina ziye kwamanye amazwe, kumele kufezwe imithetho ethile yesiko. Nakuba lezi zinqubo zivame ukunakekelwa umdayisi e-China, kubalulekile ukuthi abathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle baziswe futhi basebenzisane njengoba kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle zihamba kahle ukuze ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwenzeke ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. 

Lesi sihloko sizonikeza abafundi umbono obanzi wenqubo ye-China yokugunyazwa kweCustoms kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nalokho amabhizinisi angakwenza ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi angathola ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuvela kwa-China Customs futhi athumele izimpahla zawo ngempumelelo.

Okuqukethwe
Okuyisisekelo ekuthunyelweni okuvela e-China
Inqubo yokugunyazwa kwe-Export Customs yase-China
Izinhlangothi ezithintekayo ohlelweni lokugunyazwa kokuthekelisa ngaphandle
Thumela ukuthobela 
Ukuvala 

Okuyisisekelo ekuthunyelweni okuvela e-China

Uhlolojikelele lwe-China Customs

I-China Customs inohlelo lokuphatha oluma mpo oluhlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu: I-General Administration of Customs (GAC), i-Direct Customs Offices ngaphansi kwe-GAC, kanye namaHhovisi angaphansi kweCustoms Customs.

I-General Administration of Customs iyisikhungo sezwe esisezingeni longqongqoshe esilawulwa umkhandlu wezwe waseChina. Futhi banokulawula okuqondile kwesibili, izinga le-Direct Customs. AmaHhovisi Aqondile Okuthengiswayo ngaphansi kwe-GAC aphethe izindaba zeCustoms ezindaweni eziqokiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho yeCustoms, izinqubomgomo, kanye neziqondiso. Baphinde baphendule ku-GAC kuphela.

AmaHhovisi Angaphansi Kwempahla Ethengiswayo anomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlela imisebenzi eyahlukene Yezifiso kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo endaweni eyodwa ezifundeni ezithile. 

Njengamanje, i-GAC inamahhovisi angama-42 e-Direct Customs ngaphansi kwezindawo zayo, atholakala ezifundazweni ezingama-31, omasipala kanye nezifunda ezizimele. Kunamahhovisi angama-562 angaphansi kweCustoms Customs aqaphe amachweba angaphezu kwama-300 ezweni lonke.

Iyini imithwalo yemfanelo ye-China Customs?

Zihlanganisa:

1. Customs management management
2. Umsebenzi kazwelonke wokulwa nokushushumbiswa
3. Ukuhlela kanye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokukhishwa kwempahla emachwebeni
4. Ukuqoqa nokuphatha imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, izintela, kanye nezimali ezikhokhwayo
5. Ukwakha nokuhlela ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe beCustoms
6. Ukuphatha ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kuzwelonke kwezimpahla, uhwebo, kanye nezinye izibalo zeCustoms
7. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlala yedwa kwezilwane eziphumayo, izitshalo, nemikhiqizo esebenzayo
8. Ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwempahla
9. Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokubambisana emkhakheni weCustoms

Yiziphi izidingo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nge-China Customs

Imisebenzi yokuthekelisa

Ezimweni eziningi, amabhizinisi awakhokhiswa intela ekuthengisweni kwawo ngaphandle. I-China Customs ikhokhisa intela yokuthekelisa kuphela emikhiqizweni embalwa eqediwe, eqediwe, kanye nensiza. 

Thumela imbuyiselo ye-VAT

Abathumeli bangaphandle bazofaneleka kuphela ukubuyiselwa imali ye-VAT evela e-China Customs uma izimpahla zabo zihlangabezana nemibandela emine elandelayo:

1. Izimpahla kufanele zibe phakathi kwenani lentela ye-value-added nentela yokusetshenziswa
2. Izimpahla kumele zibe nesimemezelo sokuthumela ngaphandle futhi zilungele ukuphuma e-China ngokomzimba
3. Izimpahla kufanele zibhukhelwe ukuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kumarekhodi ezezimali
4. Izimpahla kumele ngabe zihlanganiswe ngezinhloso zokushintshaniswa kwamanye amazwe ngemuva kokuthola inkokhelo ye-forex

Ukuhlolwa kanye nokuvalelwa

I-China Customs ilandela izinqubo zomthetho zezimpahla ezingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuyisibopho kanye nezidingo zokuvalelwa ngaphambi kokuzikhulula ukuze zithunyelwe ngaphandle. Imikhiqizo ethile engekho ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okuyisibopho isengakhethwa ngokungahleliwe yi-Customs ukuze ihlolwe. 

Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe izinto ezihlukile, njengama-microorganisms kanye nezicubu zabantu, kumele kudlule ezinqubweni zezempilo zaseShayina kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu. Ngokufanayo, imikhiqizo ehlanganisa izitshalo, izilwane, nokudla izodlula ezinqubweni zokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo, izilwane kanye nokudla.

Ukwenqatshelwa kokuthekelisa kanye nokuvinjelwa

I-China ikhawulela futhi ivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezithile ngezizathu ezithile, okuhlanganisa izithakazelo zomphakathi nezomphakathi, ukuvikelwa kwezinsiza, ukuphepha kwezwe, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. 

Imikhawulo yokuthekelisa ngempahla edayiswayo ilawulwa ngezindlela ezehlukene zasekhaya, okuhlanganisa isabelo sokuthekelisa, ukunikwa amalayisense okuthekelisa, kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, izimpahla ezihlobene nokuvikela ukuvikeleka kwezwe kanye nokufeza izibopho zamazwe ngamazwe, njengezempi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa kabili, zizolawulwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwamalayisensi okuthekelisa.

Izindlela zokuqondisa Customs

Ukugadwa kweCustoms kusho ukuthi iCustoms ingakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yokuphuma kwezimpahla, ama-athikhili, nezimoto ngamasistimu nezinqubo zokuphatha ezihlukene. Kungumsebenzi wombuso oqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yokuphuma ihambisana nemithetho nezinqubomgomo zaseShayina ukuze kugcinwe izintshisekelo kazwelonke nobukhosi.

I-China isekela ukugadwa kwayo indlela emayelana nendlela yokuthengiselana yokungenisa nokuthekelisa izimpahla ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke, i-Customs ibeka izindlela ezithile zokuqondisa ngokuvumelana nezimo zentela, ukugadwa, kanye nezibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa izimpahla.

Ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuqondisa ukuthekelisa zifaka 0110 (General Trade), 1039 (market procurement), 1210 (bonded cross-border trade e-commerce), 9610 (cross-border e-commerce B2C), 9710 (cross-border e-commerce B2B), kanye 9810 (cross-border e-commerce ware exports to over).

Inqubo yokugunyazwa kwe-Export Customs yase-China

Ukubhaliswa kwenkampani ngelungelo lokuthekelisa

Okokuqala, amabhizinisi kufanele abhalise ne-China Customs ukuze athole ilungelo lokuthekelisa kanye nokungenisa. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi angenawo amalungelo okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle asengakwazi ukuthekelisa ngezinkampani ezihweba kwamanye amazwe.

Ukulungiswa kwemibhalo

Amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kukhishwe izimemezelo ezivela e-China Customs ahlanganisa:

1. Lonke ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezimpahla ezimenyezelwe ukuthi zizothunyelwa ngaphandle. Izibonelo zifaka amagama empahla, amakhodi e-HS, amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, izwe lendabuko, inani leCustoms, njll.
2. Wonke amadokhumenti ahambisanayo adingekayo ukuze athunyelwe ngaphandle, okuhlanganisa; i-invoyisi yezentengiso, uhlu lokupakisha, i-invoyisi, inkontileka, ifomu lokubuyisana, njll.
3. Amanye amafomu nezitifiketi ezisebenzayo, njengelayisensi yokuthekelisa, isitifiketi sokupakisha izimpahla eziyingozi, kanye nefomu lesimemezelo.
4. Uma kuncike ekuhlolweni nasekuvalweni, izicelo zokuhlolwa kokuthekelisa kanye nokuvalelwa

Isimemezelo sokuthekelisa ku-China Customs

Abathumeli bangaphandle bangasebenzisa abathengisi bangokwezifiso ukuze bamemezele ukuthunyelwa kwe-China Customs egameni labo. Kungenjalo, bangasebenzisa “Iwindi Elilodwa Likazwelonke” ukuze bathumele idatha yabo yesimemezelo sokuthekelisa ku-China Customs ngokuqondile.

Ukwengeza, izinkampani kufanele zilethe isimemezelo sazo sokuthumela ngaphandle engakapheli amahora angama-48 ngemva kokuthutha izimpahla zazo ziyiswe ezindaweni ezigadwe yiCustoms. Kufanele futhi bakhokhe izimali nezintela (uma zikhona) ezikhokhiswa izimpahla kusenesikhathi futhi balethe wonke amadokhumenti afanelekile.

Ukubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti

Isistimu ye-China Customs ingadlulisa ukubuyekezwa futhi ikhulule izimpahla ngokuzenzakalelayo uma isimemezelo siwela ngaphansi kwesigaba "sengozi ephansi". Kodwa uma iCustoms inokungabaza mayelana nezimpahla, ingazidlulisela ukuze zibuyekezwe mathupha. Bazonqaba izimpahla ezihlulekayo ukuhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimfuneko, bacele ukumenyezelwa kabusha, noma bazibuyisele ohlelweni Lokungeniswa Kwempahla ukuze lucutshungulwe kabusha.

Ukukhishwa/ukuthunyelwa komkhiqizo

Izimpahla zingagcina zilishiye izwe ngemuva kokuthi i-China Customs izisusile futhi izidedele. Amabhizinisi kufanele athumele amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze aqinisekise ukukhululwa komkhiqizo nokuthekelisa ngokushesha.

Izinhlangothi ezithintekayo ohlelweni lokugunyazwa kokuthekelisa ngaphandle

Umthumeli wasekhaya

Lawa amaqembu anesibopho sokuthumela izimpahla ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe.

Abakhiqizi/Abaphakeli

Laba ngabantu noma izinkampani ezikhiqiza izimpahla ezizothunyelwa ngaphandle. Baphinde bahlinzeke ngezimpahla esikhungweni sokusabalalisa.

Abamemezeli

Ama-Declarants ngokuvamile abathengisi bangokwezifiso. Indima yabo ukulungisa nokuthumela izimemezelo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwa-China Customs egameni lomthumeli.

Abathumeli bempahla

Abathumeli bempahla zingabaxhumanisi abahlela ukuthunyelwa ukuze kuthuthwe izimpahla zisuka kumkhiqizi ziye endaweni yokugcina yokusabalalisa. Abazithumeli ngokwabo izimpahla kodwa bazohlinzeka ngezindlela zokuthutha ezihlukene, njengokuthutha ngendiza, ukuthutha olwandle, nezokuthutha ezihamba phansi. 

Abahlinzeki bezindlu zokugcina impahla

Abahlinzeki bokugcinwa kwempahla bahlinzeka ngempahla, isitoreji, ukwamukela, ukuthumela, ukuhlunga, ukucubungula, kanye nezinsizakalo zokulethwa emabhizinisini ezimakethe zangaphandle nezasekhaya.

Izinkampani ze-e-commerce eziwela umngcele

Lezi zinkampani zisungula inkundla noma imakethe ukuze abahwebi bamazwe ngamazwe bahwebe nge-inthanethi. Kungaba phakathi kwamabhizinisi amabili (B2B), umthengisi nomthengi (B2C), noma abantu ababili abazimele (C2C).

Umdidiyeli

Ama-Consolidators izinkampani noma abantu abahlanganisa imithwalo evela kubathumeli abahlukene ibe yisitsha. 

Thumela ukuthobela

Ukushushumbisa

Izenzo eziphula imithetho neziqondiso zeCustoms yase-China zokugwema ukugadwa koMthethosisekelo, ukuthutha, ukuthwala ngokungemthetho, noma ukuthumela ngeposi izimpahla ezivinjiwe noma ezikhawulelwe ukungenisa nokuthekelisa, noma ukugwema imisebenzi ekhokhelwayo nezinye izintela zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, zingabhekwa njengesenzo sokushushumbiswa yi-China Customs. 

Khipha ukwephulwa

Izinqubo zokuhlonza i-China Customs njengokwephulwa kwemithetho yokuthekelisa ihlanganisa:

1. Ukwephulwa kwamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani
2. Ukukhipha izimpahla ezikhawulelwe noma ezinqatshelwe ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele
3. Ukwethula izimemezelo ezingamanga noma ezingalungile ezithinta izibalo zeCustoms, ukuphathwa kwelayisensi, umyalelo wokugada, ukuphathwa kwemali yangaphandle, umyalelo wokuqondisa intela, ukuphathwa kwesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa, njll.
4. Ukuthekelisa izimpahla ezidinga ukuhlolwa nokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezifanele
5. Ukukhipha impahla engafinyeleli amazinga ekhwalithi

Imiphumela/izinhlawulo zokwephula

I-Export Customs yase-China inelungelo lokumisa izimpahla ezephula izimfuneko zokuthekelisa. Bangaphinda bavimbele amabhizinisi azama ukuthekelisa ngaphandle kokuthola amalungelo okuthekelisa noma ukubhaliswa Ngokwezifiso.

I-China Customs ingashaqa noma yiziphi izimpahla ezingekho emthethweni futhi ingase ikhiphe inhlawulo enzima. Amanye amabhizinisi angase athole izinhlawulo ezincishisiwe noma akhululwe uma evuma ngokuzithandela noma ephula kancane imibandela Yokwenza Ngokwezifiso yase-China.

Ukuvala

Amasiko ayadingeka kumabhizinisi afuna ukuhlola izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Iwumugqa wokuqala wezwe wokuvikela ngokumelene nempahla engekho emthethweni kanye nempahla ekhawulelwe. I-China Customs inikeza abathumeli kanye nabangenisa ngaphandle inqubo eqinile engashesha nokho uma belandela yonke imithetho. 

Amabhizinisi adinga futhi ukulungisa amadokhumenti adingekayo ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokuthekelisa, kanye nokucabangela amaqembu azowabandakanya kunqubo. Ukukhetha amasevisi ozomela ibhizinisi lakho e-China kungase kusheshise noma kunciphise inqubo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, nokho, abathumeli kanye nabangenisa impahla ngaphandle kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwabo kwamanye amazwe kuhambisana nemithethonqubo yaseChina yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Cooig.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.