I-Southeast Asia ingesinye sezifunda ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Ngenani labantu ngaphezulu kwezigidi eziyisithupha, futhi ingesinye sezifunda ezinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Lokhu kuyenza ibe imakethe ekhanga kakhulu ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa nezolimo.
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka imishini yezolimo isetshenziswa ukuze isize abalimi bakhiqize ukudla okwengeziwe kunalokho abebengakuthola ngokwenza umsebenzi wezandla. Namuhla, imishini yezolimo isithuthuke kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle. Kodwa yini eyenza le makethe ikhange kangaka? Yiziphi ezinye zezishayeli zayo ezibalulekile? Futhi yiziphi ezinye zezinselelo amabhizinisi afuna ukungena kuyo angase abhekane nazo? Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ukubheka okujulile emakethe yemishini yezolimo yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia!
Okuqukethwe
Imishini yezolimo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: isifinyezo semakethe
Amazwe ama-4 ahola imakethe yemishini yezolimo
Isimo sokuncintisana semakethe yemishini yezolimo
Imishini yezolimo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: isifinyezo semakethe
Imakethe yemishini yezolimo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ku-USD 13 billion ngo-2028 ku-CAGR ka-7.20%, kanti ogandaganda ungomunye wemishini yasepulazini efunwa kakhulu esifundeni. Imakethe yemishini yasemapulazini yase-SE yase-Asia izoba sezingeni eliphezulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okwandayo ngohulumeni bezifunda kwingqalasizinda kanye nocwaningo nentuthuko.
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi le makethe ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, ake sibhekisise ukuthi yini eqhuba lokhu kukhula—futhi lapho kunamathuba okuba amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza. Lawa mathebula alandelayo ahlinzeka ngesifinyezo sabashayeli namathuba abalulekile, kanye nezici ezingase zithiye ukukhula kwale makethe echumayo.
Abashayeli bemakethe kanye nemikhawulo
| Abashayeli bemakethe | Imikhawulo yemakethe |
| Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bakhulise izinsiza zabo futhi bathole isivuno esingaguquki. | Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane kungabangela ukungcoliswa komhlabathi nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni komkhiqizo. |
| Isifiso sabathengi sokudla ukudla okunempilo siqhuba isidingo imishini yezolimo ezingakhiqiza izitshalo eziningi eziphilayo ngezindleko eziphansi. | Esifundeni lapho imvula isivele ingalindelekile, izimo zemvelo ziya ngokuya zishintshashintsha, okwenza kube nzima ukugcina isimo senhlabathi esingcono kakhulu. |
| Njengoba izindleko zabasebenzi zikhuphuka, abalimi babheke ukushintsha imisebenzi yezandla bafake imishini yezolimo engenza imisebenzi efanayo ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo yezomnotho. | Imishini yasepulazini enezinjini zikadizili ingaba nezindleko eziphezulu zokulungisa nokulungisa, okubeke umgoqo omkhulu ekungeneni kwabalimi abancane. |
Amathuba ezimakethe nezinsongo
| Amathuba emakethe | Izinsongo zemakethe |
| Ohulumeni baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia basebenzela ukukhulisa isivuno sabo ngokuthuthukisa ukufinyelela kwabalimi babo emishinini esebenza kahle kakhulu—njenge hlanganisa abavuni. | Izimo zezulu ezinzima, njengesomiso nezikhukhula, zenza kube nzima ukunakekela imishini emikhulu yezolimo ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwengqalasizinda nokunakekelwa. |
| Ukushoda kwezisebenzi kuqhuba isidingo sezixazululo ezishintshayo ezingasiza abalimi bakhulise umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuqasha abasebenzi abengeziwe. | Ohulumeni baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia basebenzela ukwakha umkhakha wezolimo ozimele ngokunciphisa ukuncika ekuthengeni impahla evela e-China nakwamanye amazwe. |
| Amatrakta futhi abasebenza utshani kulindeleke ukuthi zibe nesidingo esikhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kanye nokuqina kwazo, njengoba zingasetshenziselwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezolimo. | Abalimi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia bavame ukuba nemali encane, okusho ukuthi bangase bangakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezintsha noma ukulungisa izingxenye zemishini yezolimo ekhona. |
Amazwe ama-4 ahola imakethe yemishini yezolimo
Njengoba sesibonile, imakethe yemishini yezolimo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia inamandla futhi ikhula ngokushesha. Kodwa siyini isimo samanje sale makethe ezweni ngalinye? Ngenhlanhla, lesi sigaba sizobheka kabanzi amazwe amane ikakhulukazi: iVietnam, iThailand, iPhilippines, ne-Indonesia.
Vietnam
Ngohlelo oluhlongozwayo I-CAGR ye-11.5% phakathi kuka-2022 no-2025, imakethe yemishini yezolimo eVietnam kulindeleke ukuthi ibhalise ukukhula okuqinile eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. IVietnam inabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-98 kanye ne-GDP ye I-USD 362.64 billion ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni evela ebhange lomhlaba. Izwe liyikhaya lezwe elichumayo lezolimo, eligxile kakhulu ekutshaleni umoba, irabha yemvelo, ukotini nelayisi.
Abalimi baseVietnam bathembele kakhulu kugandaganda njengempahla yabo eyinhloko yezolimo. Ngokombiko we-Mordor Intelligence, ogandaganda babalela cishe ingxenye kukho konke ukuthengiswa kwemishini yezolimo eVietnam, enezinhlobo ezi-2 eziphambili: amasondo amane futhi amasondo amabili. Labo gandaganda basetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene yezolimo, okuhlanganisa ukulima, ukugunda, ukuthuthwa, nokulayisha. 4WD ogandaganda babe nokudonsa okungcono, okubavumela ukuthi baphathe kalula indawo enodaka noma enesihlabathi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, 2WD ogandaganda anikwa amandla nge-ekseli eyodwa, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba ezindaweni ezimpintshana.
Kepha njengoba iVietnam ikhula ngokuya emadolobheni, abalimi bazophoqeleka ukuthi bathole izindlela zokukhulisa umkhiqizo wabo ngezisebenzi ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo. Bazophendukela ku ukulima ngobuhlakani ubuchwepheshe obufana izinhlelo zokuchelela ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezingasetshenzwa ukude. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-drones ezolimo ingahlelwa ukuthi indize phezu kwamasimu ngezinzwa eziqoqa idatha mayelana nezimo ezingaphezulu kwenhlabathi futhi ibone impilo yezitshalo. Le datha ingase ihlanganiswe nolwazi lwesimo sezulu oluqoqwe amasathelayithi ukuze kuthuthukiswe amashejuli okunisela futhi kunqunywe ukuthi izitshalo zidinga nini amanzi amaningi noma amancane.
Thailand
Imboni yezolimo yaseThailand, kanye namahlathi nokudoba, ifinyelela ku-8.5% ye-GDP yezwe, njengoba iwumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo I-34% yabantu. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu kangaka yezakhamizi zithembele kwezolimo kanye nemisebenzi yezitshalo njengomthombo wazo oyinhloko wemali engenayo, akumangalisi ukuthi zinendawo yezolimo ehlukahlukene kakhulu. Eqinisweni, izwe elisenkabeni yeNhlonhlo Yase-Indochinese liyikhaya lamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-20.4 alinyiwe, kanti ama-50% ale ndawo asetshenziselwa irayisi kuphela.
Ukuthembela kwezwe ekulinyweni kwerayisi kungenzeka kukhulise isidingo sezithombo nemishini yokutshala. Imishini yezithombo ezenzakalelayo ziyisibonelo semishini enjalo yasepulazini. Bakhetha imbewu yemifino emigqonyeni yokugcina izinto ngokuya ngosayizi nokuma kwayo. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu ekhethiwe iphonswa eshubhuni lembobo yokucindezela bese ibekwa phezu kombhede wenhlabathi lapho izomila khona. Le nqubo isiza abalimi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa amaphutha okutshala.
Umkhakha wezolimo waseThailand awugcini nje ngemishini yokutshala izithombo. Eqinisweni, izwe elalaziwa ngeSiam ngokomlando ligqame kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kogandaganda hlanganisa abavuni. Imakethe kagandaganda kulindeleke ukuthi ibhalise i-CAGR engu-3.2% phakathi kuka-2022 no-2025, nogandaganda abanamasondo amabili namasondo amane banikele ngo-23% no-77% ngokulandelana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imakethe yokuvuna inhlanganisela kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo- I-CAGR ye-6.6% phakathi kuka-2022 no-2025. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwemishini okubanzi kungenxa yokuguga kwabantu basemakhaya, njengoba abantu abasha bengasathandi ukulima.
I-Philippines
IPhilippines ineziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-7,000 XNUMX futhi iyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo namahlathi amakhulu. Ngokunjalo, inakho inombolo yesihlanu ngobukhulu kwezinhlobo zezitshalo emhlabeni. Lokhu kuningi kwezitshalo kwenza iPhilippines ibe yindawo eshisayo yemishini yezolimo. Eqinisweni, imakethe yemishini yezolimo yezwe kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele USD 400 wezigidi ngo-2023. Lokhu kumele izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lika-12.3% ngesikhathi sika-2021-2023.
Ukwengeza, umhlaba oniselwa ngenkasa ePhilippines kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule uze ufike amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-1.80 ngo-2023. Ngenxa yalokho, imiphakathi yasemakhaya izoqala ukusebenzisa izindlela zesimanje zokunisela njenge-drip irrigation noma abafafazayo. Izinhlelo zokunisela ngamaconsi zihlanganisa izimbobo ezincane ezibhobozwe emapayipini ahamba ngaphansi komhlaba; zivumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhule zisondelane ngenkathi zisathola amanani anele amanzi.
Okuwukuphela kosongo kule mboni ekhulayo yizintela kanye nezintela zemishini yasemapulazini ethengwa kwamanye amazwe, njengoba uhulumeni ethatha imizamo emikhulu yokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Ukwengeza, kunezithiyo zamasiko ezivimbela abanye abalimi ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengoba abantu abaningi basePhilippines besakholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wezandla uphumelela kakhulu kunemishini ngoba ishibhile futhi awudingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuqeqeshwa.
Indonesia
I-Indonesia inomkhakha wezolimo oqine kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngokweqoqo lezinkomba zentuthuko zeBhange Lomhlaba, imboni yezolimo yaseThailand ibamba u-14% we-GDP yayo futhi iyaqasha. ezingaphezu kuka 27% yabasebenzi bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia ubeke eceleni u-USD 538 wezigidi ukuze kuthuthukiswe imishini yezolimo ezweni, okuzodala amathuba kubathengisi bezitolo nabakhiqizi abahlinzeka ngezingxenye zemishini kanye nezingxenye.
Mayelana nezinhlobo zemishini yasemapulazini, ukusetshenziswa kwe hlanganisa abavuni kulindeleke ukuthi kuthathe indawo yokufakelwa irayisi okuqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo sezitshalo zokudla njengommbila nokolweni. Kodwa funa 4-amasondo ogandaganda izoqhubeka nokukhuphuka eSumatra naseKalimantan ngenxa yobukhulu bamapulazi kulezi zifunda. Ngoba ogandaganda bezandla, ezisetshenziselwa ukulima umhlabathi nokuvuna izitshalo emapulazini amancane, isifunda saseJava sizoqhubeka nokuba yindawo enesidingo esiphezulu nge-CAGR ka-5.0% ngokwemali engenayo.
Ngaphezu abavuni kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene zogandaganda basepulazini, Abalimi abancane base-Indonesia cishe bazokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe amageja disc, njengoba ziwusizo kuzo zombili izinsimu ezomile nezimanzi. Emasimini omile, angasetshenziswa ukuphula inhlabathi eqinile ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu noma ukutshala izitshalo emhlabathini. Emasimini amanzi, angasiza ekuxegiseni umhlabathi ukuvumela ukukhula kwezitshalo nokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi phakathi nezimvula ezinkulu.
Isimo sokuncintisana semakethe yemishini yezolimo
Imakethe yemishini yezolimo eSoutheast Asia ibuswa yizinhlobo ezintathu ezaziwayo: John Deere, Kubota, kanye ne-CNH Industrials. Laba bakhiqizi bemishini yasemapulazini balawula ngaphezu kwama-70% akho konke ukuthengiswa esifundeni. Lokhu kubusa kungenxa kokubili ukuqashelwa komkhiqizo okuqinile kanye nenethiwekhi yabo ebanzi yabathengisi bokusabalalisa esifundeni sonke.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza kube inselele kubadlali abancane ukuthi baqhudelane, kodwa amazwe amane achazwe ngenhla anamandla ahlukene okukhula ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezibalo zabantu, izimo zemvelo, izimo zezombusazwe, kanye nezimo zomnotho zizonke. Ukwazi ukuthi izwe ngalinye limi kuphi kuzovumela amabhizinisi ukuthi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto zepulazi okufanele zikhangise. Hlola izitayela zemishini yezolimo zika-2022 ukuze uhlale uphambi kwezindlela ezintsha zakamuva nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe!
