Okuqukethwe
● Kungani izifutho ze-drone?
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifutho ze-drone
● Ungakhetha kanjani isifutho se-drone esifanele?
● Isiphetho
Kungani ama-drone sprayers?
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-drones kwezolimo kuguqula izindlela zokulima, kukhuphule ukusebenza kahle, futhi kwandise isivuno sezitshalo ngobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Izifutho ze-Drone, ngokunemba kwazo nokuguquguquka kwazo, ziguqula indlela abalimi abaphatha ngayo izitshalo ngokuvumela ukufakwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane okunembile kanye nokuqapha okunemininingwane kwezitshalo. Imakethe ye-drones yezolimo ikhula ngokushesha, iqhutshwa intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-drone kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokulima ngokunemba. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-drones, kufaka phakathi amamodeli aphiko-engashintshiwe, ama-multi-rotor, nama-hybrid, anikeza izici ezihlukile eziklanyelwe izidingo zokulima ezihlukene. Ukukhetha i-drone efanele kuhilela ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezinjengokusekelwa, izindleko, ukunakekelwa, umthamo wamathangi, izinga lokufaka isicelo, nosayizi wepulazi.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Izinga lemakethe nokukhula
Imakethe ye-drones yezolimo ikhula kakhulu, iqhutshwa ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe be-drone kanye nokwamukelwa okwandayo kwezinqubo zokulima ezinembayo. Ngokwemininingwane yezimboni, usayizi wemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule usuka ku-USD 4.5 billion ngo-2023 uye ku-USD 17.9 billion ngo-2028, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lama-31.5%. Lokhu kwanda okusheshayo kubhebhezelwa isidingo sezixazululo zokulima ezisebenza kahle nezisimeme ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke semikhiqizo yezolimo.
Abashayeli ababalulekile
Abashayeli ababalulekile bale makethe bafaka izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-GPS, izinzwa eziningi, kanye nesoftware yokuhlaziya idatha ethuthukile, ethuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenziseka kwama-drones ezolimo. Ukwesekwa kwemithetho, ikakhulukazi e-United States, nakho kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile, lapho i-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ihlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela kanye nokukhululwa okusiza ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kwama-drones ekulimeni. Ukwengeza, isidingo esikhulayo sokulima okunembayo, okuhloswe ngaso ukukhulisa isivuno ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, sigqugquzela ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-drone.
Imibono yesifunda
Ngokwesifunda, imakethe yase-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi ibuse umkhakha wama-drones wezolimo ngenxa yendawo enkulu yezolimo, ukukhula okuphezulu kwabantu, kanye nentuthuko ekhulayo yezobuchwepheshe. Amazwe afana neChina ahamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni ama-drone, asekelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kukahulumeni kwezolimo. Ukwamukelwa kwalesi sifunda kwama-drones ezolimo kuqhutshwa isidingo sokuthuthukisa isivuno sezitshalo naphezu kwemithombo elinganiselwe kanye nokuvikela izitshalo esimweni sezulu esingalindelekile.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-drone sprayers
Ama-drones aphiko olungaguquki
Ama-drones aphiko olungaguquki aklanyelwe ukumboza izindawo ezibanzi ngokushesha ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esisemoyeni. Bangakwazi ukufinyelela izikhathi zendiza ezingafika emahoreni angu-2 futhi bakhave amabanga angaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-100 ngokushajwa kwebhethri elilodwa. Ifakwe izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-LIDAR namakhamera e-multispectral, lawa ma-drones ahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kwe-air-resolution ephezulu kanye nekhono lemephu elinembile. Ama-drones anamaphiko angaguquki ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amaphiko asukela ku-1 kuya ku-3 mitha futhi angandiza ngesivinini esifika ku-90 km/h. Kodwa-ke, zidinga imigwaqo yezindiza noma amasistimu we-catapult ukuze usuke futhi uhlale, okungaba yisithiyo ezindaweni ezithile zezolimo.
Ama-Multi-rotor drones
Ama-Multi-rotor drones ahlinzeka ngokushintshwa okuphakeme nokunemba, okuwenza alungele ukuhlolwa okuseduze nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlosiwe. Lawa ma-drones ajwayele ukuba nama-rotor amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, ahlinzeka ngokuzinza kanye nekhono lokuzulazula endaweni. Izikhathi zendiza zama-multi-rotor drones zisukela emaminithini angama-20 kuye kwangama-40, ezinobubanzi bokusebenza obufika kumakhilomitha ama-5. Afakwe amakhamera anencazelo ephezulu, izinzwa ezishisayo, nezinhlelo zokuthwebula ze-multispectral zokuqapha impilo yezitshalo ezinemininingwane kanye nokutholwa kwezinambuzane. Ama-Multi-rotor drones angathwala imithwalo ekhokhayo efika ku-10 kg, ewusizo ekuphatheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa noma amanani amancane okokufaka kwezolimo ukuze zelashwe indawo.
Ama-drones ayi-Hybrid
I-Hybrid drones ihlanganisa amandla okusuka kanye nokufika (VTOL) ama-multi-rotor drones nokukhuthazela okude kanye nohlu lwama-drones anamaphiko angashintshi. Lawa ma-drones angashintsha phakathi kokundiza nokuya phambili okuphumelelayo, okuvumela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Imvamisa, ama-hybrid drones anezikhathi zokundiza ezisukela ehoreni eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 futhi angavala amabanga afinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-50. Afakwe amasistimu okuzulazula athuthukile, okuhlanganisa i-GPS, i-RTK (I-Real-Time Kinematic) yokunemba kwezinga lesentimitha nezinzwa ezihlukahlukene, njengamakhamera we-hyperspectral ukuze ahlaziye kabanzi indawo ezungezile. Izindiza ezingama-Hybrid zingathwala imithwalo ekhokhelwayo efika ku-20 kg, iyenze ifanelekele ukuqoqwa kwedatha okubanzi kanye nezicelo zokufafaza ngezinga elikhulu. Ikhono labo lokusebenza ezimweni zezulu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindawo eziyinselele kubenza bakwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezolimo.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-drone sprayer efanelekile?
Ukusekela nokuqeqeshwa
Lapho uhlanganisa ama-drones okufuthwa emisebenzini yezolimo, kubalulekile ukufinyelela izikhathi zokuqeqesha eziphelele kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kwamakhasimende. Ukuqeqeshwa akufanele kufake imisebenzi eyisisekelo kuphela kodwa nezici ezithuthukile ezifana nokulinganisa i-GPS, izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, nokuxazulula izinkinga. Abakhiqizi kufanele banikeze ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela kumamanuwali okusebenza, okokufundisa ku-inthanethi, nedeski losizo elisabelayo ukuze kubhekwane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zokusebenza ngokushesha.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko
Ukuhlola izindleko zokuthenga kokuqala ngenani lesikhathi eside kubalulekile. Izindiza ezifuthwayo ezithuthukile zingasukela ku-$10,000 ziye ku-$50,000, kuye ngamakhono azo. Nakuba ama-drones asezingeni eliphezulu adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwangaphambili, izici ezifana nezindlela zendiza ezizimele, izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe, namandla okuhlaziya idatha kungathuthukisa kakhulu umkhiqizo kanye nesivuno sezitshalo, okuholela ekongeni okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukwehliswa okungenzeka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nempilo yezitshalo ethuthukisiwe lapho uqhathanisa izindleko.
Izindleko zesondlo
Ama-drones afuthayo adinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ukushintshwa kwezingxenye, nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe. Izindleko zokunakekela zingahluka kakhulu; isibonelo, ukushintshwa kwebhethri kungabiza phakathi kuka-$500 no-$1,000, futhi izinzwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingabiza kufika ku-$2,000. Ama-drones anemiklamo ye-modular evumela ukushintshwa kalula kwezingxenye anganciphisa isikhathi sokulungiswa. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ubude besikhathi sokuphila bezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana namamotho, ngokuvamile ahlala amahora endiza angu-200-300, kanye nokuba khona kwalezi zingxenye.
Umthamo wethangi lokufafaza
Umthamo wethangi lesifutho uthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle. Ama-drones anamathangi amakhulu (amalitha ayi-10-20) angavala indawo eningi endizeni eyodwa, anciphise imvamisa yokugcwaliswa kabusha. Kodwa-ke, amathangi amakhudlwana andisa isisindo se-drone, okungenzeka kube nomthelela ngesikhathi sayo sokundiza kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Isibonelo, i-drone enethangi lamalitha angu-20 ingase ibe nesikhathi esincishisiwe sokundiza esiyimizuzu engu-15-20 uma iqhathaniswa nethangi elincane elingu-5-litre, elinganikeza imizuzu engu-30 yokundiza. Ukulinganisa usayizi wethangi namandla okukhokha e-drone nempilo yebhethri kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle.
Futha isilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza
Izinga lokufafazwa kwezifutho, elivame ukukalwa ngamalitha ehektheleni ngalinye, liyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isibulala-zinambuzane esisebenzayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kukamanyolo. Ama-drones athuthukile anikeza amanani okusebenza alungisekayo asukela ku-1 kuya ku-2 wamalitha ngehektha ngalinye, okuvumela ukulawula okunembayo okusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesitshalo kanye nesigaba sokukhula. Amanye ama-drones afaka ubuchwepheshe be-variable rate technology (VRT) obulungisa izinga lohlelo lokusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kudatha yezinzwa, okuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okufanayo kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza.
Usayizi wepulazi
Ubukhulu bepulazi kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo ezitshalwayo kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhethweni kwe-drone yesifutho. Emapulazini amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo (afinyelela kumahektha ayi-100), ama-drones ama-rotor amaningi anebanga lendiza elingamakhilomitha angama-5-10 kanye nomthamo wamalitha angama-5-10 afanelekile. Emapulazini amakhulu (amahektha angaphezu kuka-100), ama-drones aphiko olumisiwe noma ama-hybrid anebanga elinwetshiwe lendiza elingafika kumakhilomitha angama-50 kanye namathangi amakhulu (15-20 amalitha) asebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinhlobo zezitshalo nazo zinendaba; Ukufafaza okunembayo kwezitshalo zenani eliphezulu njengezivini noma amasimu ezithelo kudinga ama-drones anekhono lokucabanga elithuthukile kanye nezinzwa.
Ukucatshangelwa kokusebenza
Ukusebenziseka kalula, impilo yebhethri, ukuqina, nokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukene yizici ezibalulekile lapho ukhetha i-drone yesifutho. Ama-Drones kufanele afake izilawuli ezinembile kanye nokuhlelwa kwendiza okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. Impilo yebhethri iyahlukahluka, ngamabhethri amakhulu ahlinzeka ngamaminithi angu-30 esikhathi sendiza ngokushajwa ngakunye, kuyilapho amabhethri ashintshwayo angakwazi ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ukuqina kubalulekile; Ama-drones kufanele akhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nesimo sezulu futhi afake imiklamo eqinile ukuze amelane nezindawo zezolimo ezinokhahlo. Ukwengeza, ama-drones kufanele akwazi ukusebenza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, anezici ezifana ne-radar elandela umhlaba kanye nezinhlelo zokugwema izithiyo ukuze uzulazule ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo.
Isiphetho
Izifutho ze-Drone ziguqule kakhulu ezolimo zesimanje, zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukunemba, kanye nokukhiqiza ekuphathweni kwezitshalo. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela i-drone efanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zokulima, okuhlanganisa izici ezifana nokusekelwa, izindleko, ukunakekelwa, umthamo wamathangi, izinga lokufaka isicelo, usayizi wepulazi, nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza, imisebenzi yezolimo ingathuthukiswa. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ezifafazweni ze-drone kuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi bangabhekana nezinselele zezolimo ezisimeme, okuholela ekuphathweni okungcono kwezinsiza kanye nesivuno esiphezulu sezitshalo.
