Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo samandla emhlabeni wonke, amandla avuselelekayo abe ukhiye ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla esikhathini esizayo. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion, njengemithombo yebhethri yesibili, ithuthuke ngokushesha kusukela ngawo-1990. Izinzuzo zabo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo yomjikelezo omude, kanye nobungane bemvelo kubenze basetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zamandla amasha, imikhiqizo kagesi, nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ukwengeza, amabhethri e-lithium-ion kancane kancane abe yithuluzi lokucwaninga elibalulekile embonini yamandla avuselelekayo, okusiza ekuqhubekiseni ukukhuphuka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ekhaya. Ukusungulwa kwalezi zinhlobo zesistimu kwenze ngcono ukuzinza kwezinhlelo zamandla kanye nezindleko ezilondoloziwe.
Lapha, sizophinde sihlole ubuhle nobubi bokusebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ekugcineni amandla okuhlala, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwebhethri, izindleko, ukuphepha, nomthelela wemvelo.
Okuqukethwe
Isakhiwo sebhethri ye-Lithium-ion
Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina ekhaya
Izinkinga ngebhethri ye-lithium-ion yasendlini
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwamabhethri e-lithium-ion
Amathemba emakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya
Ukukhuthaza abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi basebenzise amabhethri e-lithium-ion
Amanye amathiphu okuthenga amabhethri
Isakhiwo sebhethri ye-Lithium-ion
Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion wuhlobo lwebhethri lesibili (ibhethri elishajekayo) elithembela ngokuyinhloko kuma-ion e-lithium ahamba phakathi kwama-electrode ephozithivu noma engasebenzi. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile akhiwa amaseli, i-fuse (noma i-PTC), amabhodi okuvikela, amagobolondo, nezinye izesekeli. Ibhodi lokuvikela lakhiwe ikakhulukazi ama-chips okuvikela, amashubhu e-MOS, ama-resistors, ama-capacitor, namabhodi e-PCB. Ingqamuzana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhekisela engqamuzaneni elilodwa le-electrochemical eliqukethe ama-electrode amahle nangalungile, ama-electrolyte, i-diaphragm, njalonjalo. Izinto ezisebenzayo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-electrode amahle ngokuvamile i-lithium manganate, i-lithium cobalt, i-lithium nickel cobalt manganate, noma i-lithium iron phosphate. I-graphite, noma i-carbon enesakhiwo esifanayo se-graphite, isetshenziselwa ama-electrode angalungile. I-organic electrolyte iyi-carbonate solvent encibilike ku-lithium hexafluorophosphate; amabhethri e-lithium-ion e-polymer asebenzisa i-electrolyte efana nejeli.
Amabhayisikili kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-lithium nickel cobalt manganate (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ternary) kanye nenani elincane le-lithium manganate. I-diaphragm iyifilimu emise okwe-polymer enesakhiwo esincane esivumela ukuthi i-lithium ion idlule ngokukhululeka kodwa ivimbe ama-electron. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zenziwe nge-polyethylene (PE), i-polypropylene (PP), noma ifilimu yayo eyinhlanganisela, i-PP/PE/PP i-diaphragm enezingqimba ezintathu. Igobolondo lebhethri ngokuvamile lenziwa igobolondo lensimbi, igobolondo le-aluminium, igobolondo lensimbi eline-nickel-plated, ifilimu ye-aluminium-plastic, njll., kuyilapho ikepisi ifaka amatheminali ebhethri avumayo kanye nenegethivu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina ekhaya
Ubuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asekhaya enze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe mayelana nomthamo, ukuphepha, impilo yomjikelezo, njalonjalo. Njengamanje, ukuminyana kwamandla wamabhethri e-lithium-ion ajwayelekile asendlini ngu-200-300Wh/kg, kanti eminye imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ize yeqe ku-350Wh/kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe besistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) kusho ukuthi ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion nakho kuyathuthuka.
Isikali semakethe
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubukhulu bemakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion bukhombisa ukukhula ngokushesha, lapho imakethe yebhethri yasendlini ye-lithium-ion ikhula isuka ku-US $ 1 bhiliyoni ngo-2010 yaya e-US $ 10 billion ngo-2020. Njengamanje, imakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion igxile kakhulu e-China, Japan, naseNingizimu Korea, ngokusho kwemibiko efanele, ne-akhawunti yemakethe ye-Asia-Pacific engaphezulu kwe-70 yemakethe yomhlaba wonke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isifunda saseYurophu sibala kuphela i-10-15% yemakethe yomhlaba wonke, okubonisa ukuthi imakethe yaseYurophu inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa.
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko
Ukwehliswa kwezindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuhilela izici eziningi, futhi abakhiqizi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri futhi banciphise izindleko zebhethri ngobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukhiqiza. Ngokuzayo, ngocwaningo olujulile kanye nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, izindleko zokukhiqiza amabhethri e-lithium-ion nazo zizokwehla.
Izinkinga ngebhethri ye-lithium-ion yasendlini
Cost
Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion, izindleko zokukhiqiza bezilokhu zehla unyaka nonyaka. Kodwa ngenxa yokungalingani kokusatshalaliswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuguquka kwentengo kungaba okuphawulekayo, okwenza izindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion zibe phezulu kunamabhethri endabuko, okuvimbela ukuncintisana kwawo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinkulu.
ukuqina
Ukuphila kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kunqunywa inani lemijikelezo, izinga lokushaja nokukhipha, izinga lokushisa, nezinye izici. Njengoba inani lemijikelezo yebhethri likhula, umthamo webhethri namandla aphumayo kungase kwehle.
Izinkinga zemvelo
Ngenkathi amabhethri e-lithium-ion okusetshenziswa kwasendlini ehlinzeka ngokunethezeka okuningi, futhi eza nezinkinga ezithile zemvelo. Futhi nakuba abakhiqizi abaningi bebhethri ye-lithium-ion bamukele izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza, kusekhona ingozi ethile yemvelo ekwelapheni amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Isibonelo, amabhethri kadoti aqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo eziyingozi, okuthi uma zingaphathwa kahle, zingabangela ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, imithombo yamanzi, kanye nesimiso semvelo.
Izingozi zokuphepha
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion akhokhiswa kakhulu futhi akhishwe, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-extrusion, nezinye izimo ezikhethekile, angase ahlangabezane nokubaleka okushisayo, umlilo, nezinye izingozi zokuphepha. Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe besistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu; kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusengenzeka izingozi zokuphepha.
Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwamabhethri e-lithium-ion
Njengedivayisi yokugcina amandla esebenza kahle futhi evumelana nemvelo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion athole ukunakwa nocwaningo oluningi eminyakeni yamuva. Ucwaningo lwamanje luqondiswe kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinto zokwakha, ukwakheka, ukuphathwa kwebhethri, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo, ukuphepha, nezinye izici.
Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha
Abacwaningi bebehlola izinto ezintsha zikagesi ezinhle nezingezinhle ukuze bathuthukise ukuminyana kwamandla, ukuphila, nokuphepha kwamabhethri. Isibonelo, izinto ze-silicon zingase zithathe indawo ye-graphite yendabuko yama-electrode angalungile, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri. Ngasikhathi sinye, abacwaningi baphinde bahlole izinto ezintsha ze-cathode, njengezinto ezicebile ze-lithium nezinto ezicebile ze-lithium, ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla nokuphila kwamabhethri.
Ama-electrolyte aqinile
Ama-electrolyte aqinile angobunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kumabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-electrolyte awuketshezi asetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko, ama-electrolyte aqinile anokuphepha okuphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu. Njengamanje, abacwaningi bacwaninga ukuthuthukiswa kwama-electrolyte aqinile abizayo, aphezulu-ionic ukuze athathele indawo yama-electrolyte oketshezi endabuko.
Amasistimu okuphatha ibhethri
Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri luyingxenye ebalulekile ezilinganisweni zokusetshenziswa kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukunweba impilo yebhethri nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Abacwaningi basebenzela ezinhlelweni zokuphatha amabhethri ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ukuze bathole ukulawula okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwamabhethri.
Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo
Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha bunganciphisa isikhathi sokushaja kwebhethri futhi buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa. Abacwaningi bafunda ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obusebenza kahle kakhulu, obufana nokushaja ishayela kanye nokushaja okungenantambo, ukuze bathole isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo nokusebenza kahle kokushaja.
Amathemba emakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yasekhaya
Izidingo zokuguqulwa kwamandla: Ngokuthuthuka koguquko lwamandla omhlaba, imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga namandla omoya kancane kancane iphenduke insakavukela. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asekhaya asiza ukugcina le mithombo yamandla ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenza imindeni ikwazi ukuthola amandla azonele futhi inciphise ukuncika kwayo emithonjeni yamandla ensalela evamile.
Ukuduma kwezimoto zikagesi: Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemakethe yezimoto zikagesi, uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion lwasendlini lungashintshwa ukuze lusetshenziswe njengendawo esekela izimoto zikagesi, lunikeze izixazululo zokugcina amandla futhi luthuthukise ibanga nokusebenza kwazo.
Inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi we-Peak-valley: Amazwe amaningi nezifunda zisebenzisa izinqubomgomo zentengo kagesi we-peak-valley ukuze zikhuthaze abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhokhise ngamanani aphansi futhi basebenzise ugesi ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asekhaya angasiza abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise ngokugcwele izinqubomgomo zentengo kagesi we-peak-valley ukuze behlise izindleko zamandla.
Iphromoshini yegoli lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni: Amazwe emhlabeni jikelele ahlongoze imigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo samandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Amasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri ye-lithium-ion yasendlini angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, anciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, futhi asize umhlaba uzuze ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha: Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium-ion, amandla abo, ukuphepha, impilo yomjikelezo, nezinye izici zokusebenza kuzothuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe, kuncishiswe izindleko, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuncintisana kwemakethe.
Ukukhuthaza abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi basebenzise amabhethri e-lithium-ion
Japan
Umnyango Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni wase-Japan (i-METI), onesabelomali esingaba ngu-$98.3 wezigidi, uhlinzeka ngoxhaso lwama-66% ezindlini namabhizinisi afaka amabhethri e-lithium electronic. Ukuthatha amabhethri e-sodium sulfur njengesibonelo, uhulumeni waseJapane akanikezi nje kuphela ukwesekwa kwezezimali kwamahhala ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwasekuqaleni, ehlinzeka ngemali engaphezu kuka-50%, kodwa futhi unikeza ukusekelwa okuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe, imakethe, imiklamo yokubonisa, nezinye izici, futhi uyaqhubeka nokunikeza uxhaso ngemuva kokusebenza kwayo kwezohwebo.
I-united states
Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni: Uhulumeni wase-US uhlinzeka ngohlu lwezikweletu zentela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo nezinhlelo zokugcina. Isibonelo, i-Investment Tax Credit (ITC) kanye ne-Production Tax Credit (PTC) zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa izindleko zokutholwa zesistimu yokugcina amandla ekhaya. Khonamanjalo, ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu kanye noxhaso ukuze kuhehwe ukutshalwa kwezimali ekukhiqizweni kwebhethri, okuhlanganisa izinxephezelo zemali, izinxephezelo zentela, namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba. Ezinye izifundazwe ziphinde zehlise izikweletu zikagesi ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo “zemitha yenetha” ezivumela abanikazi bokugcina amandla ekhaya ukuthi bathengise amandla elanga engeziwe babuyele kugridi.
Germany
Phakathi kuka-2013 no-2018, uhulumeni waseJalimane unikeze uxhaso olufika ku-30% lwemalimboleko eqondile yokugcina amandla asendlini, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuhlobene kakhulu ne-photovoltaics yasendlini, izinqubomgomo ze-photovoltaic zasendlini ezinenzuzo zaseJalimane zikhuthaze ukufakwa kwesitoreji samandla sasekhaya.
Amanye amathiphu okuthenga amabhethri
Qonda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile akhiwa izakhi zensimbi ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel. Ukuqonda umthombo kanye nenqubo yokukhipha yalezi zici kubalulekile ekuhloleni umthelela wendawo webhethri. Abathengi bangacela abahlinzeki bempahla ukuthi banikeze ulwazi ngezinto zebhethri, futhi bazame ukukhetha imikhiqizo emithonjeni eqhubekayo esebenzisa izinqubo zokukhipha ezivumelana nemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi kufanele babheke imikhiqizo egunyazwe ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njengesitifiketi se-RoHS se-European Union kanye nesitifiketi seplathifomu yokulawulwa kwebhethri yamandla emoto entsha yaseChina.
Cabangela umthamo kanye nokuminyana kwamandla
Abathengi kufanele baqonde umthamo kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ebhethri ukuze bakhethe ibhethri elifanele lezidingo zabo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, amabhethri anamandla amakhulu namandla aminyana anganikeza impilo yebhethri ende futhi anesisindo esilula. Kodwa-ke, abathengi kufanele bacabangele izici ezifana nesikhathi sokushaja nempilo.
Naka ukuphepha kwebhethri
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion angabangela izehlakalo zokuphepha lapho esetshenziswa noma ephathwa ngendlela engafanele. Ngakho-ke, abathengi kufanele bakhethe uhlobo lwebhethri olunerekhodi elihle lokuphepha futhi oluhlolwe ngokuqinile. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcinwa, umthengi kufanele futhi alandele imithetho nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele.
Cabangela isivinini sokushaja
Ijubane lokushaja lamabhethri e-lithium-ion nalo liyinto okufanele icatshangelwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha bunganciphisa isikhathi sokushaja kwebhethri futhi buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kodwa bungaba nomthelela empilweni yebhethri nokuphepha. Umthengi kufanele akhethe isivinini sokushaja esifanele ngokuya ngesidingo sangempela.
Cabanga ngempilo yomjikelezo
Impilo yomjikelezo webhethri ye-lithium-ion ibhekisela enanini lezikhathi engasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokushaja nokukhipha. Ibhethri elinempilo yomjikelezo omude linganikeza impilo yesevisi ende, okunciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa nokukhipha imfucuza. Abathengi bangakhetha amabhethri anempilo yomjikelezo omude ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ukuze uthole ezinye izixazululo zohwebo, ukubuka konke komkhakha, kanye nemibono emisha ngemibono yebhizinisi, qiniseka ukuthi uyabhalisa I-Cooig.com Iyafunda.
