Amakheshi angaphandle aguqula indlela esizulazula ngayo ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezinamaleveli amaningi, ahlanganisa ukusebenza nobuhle bezakhiwo. Le bhulogi icubungula ubunkimbinkimbi bamakheshi angaphandle, akhanyisela umakhenikha wawo, ukusetshenziswa, izindleko, kanye nemikhiqizo ephezulu. Uma ucabanga ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwakho kwangaphandle, funda ukuze ube uchwepheshe.
Okuqukethwe:
1. Iyini ikheshi yangaphandle?
2. Asebenza kanjani amakheshi angaphandle?
3. Indlela yokusebenzisa ikheshi yangaphandle
4. Ibiza malini ilifti yangaphandle?
Yini ikheshi yangaphandle?
Ikheshi elingaphandle liwuhlelo lwemishini oluklanyelwe ukuthutha abantu nezimpahla ngokuma kuzilungiselelo zangaphandle. Lawa makheshi ajwayele ukufakwa ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, nasezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze anikeze ukufinyeleleka phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene, njengokusuka ezingeni eliphansi ukuya ethaleni noma phakathi kwaphansi kwendlu elisegqumeni.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-elevator yangaphandle zifaka ikhebhu noma iplatifomu, i-hoistway, isistimu yokushayela, nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha. Ngokungafani namakheshi avamile asendlini, amamodeli angaphandle akhiwe ukuze amelane nezakhi, afaka izinto ezimelana nesimo sezulu kanye namaqebelengwane avikela ekugqwaleni, ukugqwala, nokulimala kwe-UV.
Amakheshi angaphandle awasebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi athuthukisa ukukhanga kobuhle besakhiwo. Ziza ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene, kusukela kuzitayela ezibushelelezi, zesimanje kuya ekubukekeni kwendabuko okwengeziwe, okuvumela abanikazi bezindawo ukuthi bakhethe imodeli ehambisana nokuhlotshiswa kwabo kwangaphandle. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, amakheshi angaphandle angakhuphula inani lempahla futhi enze ukuphila kwamazinga amaningi kube lula.
Asebenza kanjani amakheshi angaphandle?
Amakheshi angaphandle asebenza ngenhlanganisela yezinhlelo zemishini nekagesi eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhamba kahle kokuma mpo. Indlela eyinhloko engemuva kwamakheshi amaningi angaphandle kungaba i-hydraulic noma i-traction system, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile.
Amakheshi angaphandle asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa i-hydraulic ram nepiston eshayelwa uketshezi ukuze aphakamise futhi ehlise ikhebhu. Uhlelo luqukethe iphampu ephusha uketshezi olusebenzisa amanzi ku-cylinder, okubangela ukuthi ipiston inyakaze futhi iphakamise ikhebhu yekhebhu. Lapho wehla, uketshezi ludedelwa lubuyele endaweni yokugcina amanzi, okuvumela ikhebhu ukuba yehle kahle. Lolu hlobo lwekheshi lwaziwa ngokusebenza kwalo ngokuthula nokugibela okushelelayo kodwa lungase ludinge igumbi lomshini ukuze kuhlaliswe iphampu ye-hydraulic kanye ne-fluid reservoir.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakheshi adonsela ngaphandle asebenzisa isistimu yezintambo nama-counterweights. Ikhebhu ixhunywe ochungechungeni lwezintambo zensimbi ezihamba phezu kwepulley exhunywe injini. Njengoba injini iphenduka, inyakazisa izintambo, iphakamise noma yehlise ikhebhu. Amakheshi okudonsa asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi awadingi igumbi lomshini, okuwenza alungele izindawo ezinegumbi elilinganiselwe lezakhiwo ezengeziwe.
Womabili amasistimu ahlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezihlukahlukene, njengamabhuleki ezimo eziphuthumayo, izinzwa ezigcwala kakhulu, nezinto eziyisisekelo zamandla, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabagibeli. Ukwengeza, amakheshi angaphandle aklanywe ngezilawuli ezingamelana nesimo sezulu kanye nezivalekile ukuze kuvikelwe izingxenye zikagesi ezakhini, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kuzo zonke izimo zezulu.
Indlela yokusebenzisa ikheshi yangaphandle
Ukusebenzisa ikheshi elingaphandle kuqondile, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela efanele ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuzijwayeza iphaneli yokulawula, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa izinkinobho zesitezi ngasinye, inkinobho yokumisa isimo esiphuthumayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukushintsha kokhiye ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe.
Ngaphambi kokungena ku-lifti, qiniseka ukuthi i-cab isezingeni lokufika futhi iminyango ivuleke ngokuphelele. Ngena ngaphakathi bese ucindezela inkinobho yesitezi osithandayo. Uma ikheshi ifakwe iswishi yokhiye, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ufake futhi uvule ukhiye ukuze wenze kusebenze izilawuli. Uma inkinobho isicindezelwe, ilifti izoqala ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla, futhi kufanele ugweme ukuncika ezindongeni noma eminyango ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukuze unakekele, kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo nokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izingxenye zemishini ukuthi azigugile futhi azidabuki yini, ukugcotshwa kwezingxenye ezihambayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokuphepha zisebenza ngendlela efanele. Abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izinkontileka zokulungisa ukugcina ikheshi isesimweni esikahle futhi baxazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokushesha.
Esimeni esiphuthumayo, njengokunqamuka kukagesi, amakheshi angaphandle afakwe izinhlelo zokusekela ibhethri eziwavumela ukuthi abuyele esitezi esiseduze futhi avule iminyango. Uma ilifti ima kungazelelwe, sebenzisa inkinobho yokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo ukuze uxhumane nosizo futhi uhlale uzolile kuze kufike usizo. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kanye nokugcinwa kwe-elevator yangaphandle kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile esikhathini esiphila kuso.
Ibiza malini ilifti yangaphandle?
Izindleko zekheshi elingaphandle zingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwekheshi, ubunzima bokufakwa, nezici ezengeziwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, ilifti yangaphandle eyisisekelo ingaqala cishe ku-$10,000 futhi ingakhuphukela ku-$50,000 noma ngaphezulu kumamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu anezici ezithuthukile nemiklamo yangokwezifiso.
Amakheshi asebenzisa amanzi avame ukubiza kakhulu kunezinyusi ezidonsayo ngenxa yezingxenye ezengeziwe ezidingekayo, njengephampu edonsa amanzi kanye nedamu lamanzi. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu we-hydraulic ahlinzeka ngohambo olushelelayo futhi avame ukuncanyelwa ukusebenza kwawo ngokuthula. Amakheshi okudonsa, nakuba ngokuvamile engabizi kakhulu, asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi adinga indawo encane, okuwenza abe yinketho edumile yokufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Izindleko zokufaka nazo zidlala indima enkulu enanini lilonke. Izinto ezinjengobude bohambo, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo okudingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nekheshi, nendawo yokufaka konke kungaba nomthelela ezindlekweni zokugcina. Isibonelo, ukufaka ikheshi kuphrojekthi entsha yokwakha kungase kubize kancane kunokulungisa kabusha isakhiwo esivele sikhona, njengoba lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile sihlanganisa ukuqinisa nokulungiswa okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo.
Izici ezengeziwe, njengemiklamo yekhabhi yangokwezifiso, amasistimu okulawula athuthukile, nezindlela zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, nazo zinganyusa izindleko. Kubalulekile ukusebenza nomkhiqizi nesifaki esinedumela elihle ongakunikeza ikhwotheshini enemininingwane esekelwe ezimfuneko zakho ezithile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha ziyahlangatshezwa.
Isiphetho:
Amakheshi angaphandle ayisengezo esibalulekile kunoma iyiphi indawo yangaphandle enamazinga amaningi, enikeza kokubili izinzuzo ezingokoqobo nezobuhle. Ngokuqonda izinsimbi zabo, ukusetshenziswa okufanele, izici zezindleko, namamodeli aphezulu, ungenza isinqumo esinolwazi esithuthukisa ukufinyeleleka futhi siphakamise ulwazi oluphelele lwendawo yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabangela ukufaka okusha noma ukuthuthukisa isistimu ekhona, ukukhetha ikheshi elifanele langaphandle kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekukhangeni kwendawo yakho.
