Isidingo somhlaba wonke se-lithium sikhuphuke ngokushesha eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, okuqhubekisele phambili amanani entengo e-lithium emhlabeni futhi kwakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu okuvela ezinkampanini zezimayini zase-Australia. Njengoba amazwe efuna ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni wonke futhi aphishekele ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion avele njengengxenye ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi.
Izimakethe eziningi ziye zanda ngokwandayo zamukela amabhethri e-lithium-ion, ikakhulukazi kulezi zicelo ezilandelayo:
- Amagridi Amandla
- Izimoto kagesi
- Ama-Smartphones, ama-PC namathebulethi
- Isitoreji sebhethri
I-lithium ore, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-spodumene, icutshungulwa ibe yi-chemical concentrate futhi iphinde icwecwe ibe yi-lithium yamabhethri nezinye izimpahla. Imvamisa, amaminerali e-lithium athunyelwa eChina ukuze aqhubeke nokusebenza. I-lithium ore ikhiqize iningi labantu base-Australia I-Lithium kanye Nezinye Izimayini Zamaminerali Ezingezona Zensimbi imali engenayo yemboni ngo-2021-22.
Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion aphinde ashajwa kukhuthaze ukwanda kwesidingo saseChina se-lithium, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwamanani entengo omhlaba kulo nyaka wamanje. Izinkampani zezimayini ze-lithium zase-Australia zisabele ekwenyukeni kwesidingo kanye nezintengo zokuqopha ngokukhuphula umkhiqizo, okube nomthelela emalini engenayo yezimboni ekhuphuke ngama-13.0% ngonyaka eminyakeni emihlanu kuya ku-2021-22. Kodwa-ke, amanani entengo e-lithium awavikelekile emiphumeleni yobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ngesidingo esibuthakathaka kanye nokuguquguquka kwentengo kusongela imboni phakathi neminyaka emibili kuya ku-2020-21. Kodwa-ke, imali engenayo yezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi yeqe ngo-65.1% ngo-2021-22 ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo ye-lithium nokuthunyelwa okuqinile kwe-lithium e-China.
Abantu base-Australia baphendukele kuma-solar ukuze bonge imali futhi basize imvelo
Abantu base-Australia bakhathazeke kakhulu ngezindaba zemvelo kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Izibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nesidingo sabathengi sezikweletu eziphansi zikagesi kube nomthelela ekutheni imizi isheshe ifake ama-solar panel amancane. Ngenxa yalokho, imali engenayo e-Australia Ukufakwa Kwesolar Solar imboni kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngama-15.1% ngonyaka kule minyaka emihlanu kuya ku-2021-22.
Ubuchwepheshe bukagesi welanga okwamanje buyashintsha kakhulu. Ukugcinwa kwebhethri sekuyinto enkulu emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo. Ngaphandle kwekhono lokugcina ugesi ukuze usetshenziswe kamuva, imvelo yesikhashana yemithombo yelanga kanye neminye evuselelekayo kagesi kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke zisadingeka izinhlobo ezithembekile zikagesi noma ukugcinwa kukagesi.
Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium ehlile ezindlekweni futhi asesebenza kangcono namaphaneli elanga. Ukuthathwa kwephaneli yelanga e-Australia kuzuze ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, okungukuthi mayelana nokugcinwa kanye nokuthengeka. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuthethelele izindleko zokufakwa kwangaphambili zabathengi. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion avele njengesixazululo esingaba khona ezindabeni zokugcina, nezinhlelo ezixhunywe kugridi njenge-Tesla Powerwall ethola ukuduma eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Indathane yesikhala sokukhula
Iningi le-lithium ore yase-Australia ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanti i-China ne-Japan njengamaphrosesa amakhulu e-lithium. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion okwamanje kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ku- Imikhiqizo Yokukhiqiza Amandla Kagesi nokunye Ukwenziwa Kwezisetshenziswa zikagesi embonini yase-Australia, lapho ingxenye yomkhiqizo wamabhethri ilindeleke kuphela ukuthi ihlanganise u-15.3% wemali engenayo yemboni ngo-2021-22. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli elanga amancane kukhuphule ingxenye yengxenye yomkhiqizo yenzuzo yemboni kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zikaHulumeni Wombuso kulindeleke ukuthi zandise ukukhiqizwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yase-Australia eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Izimoto zikagesi zingadambisa ukukhathazeka kwemvelo kwabathengi
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi kuyimakethe enkulu esezansi nomfula yamabhethri e-lithium-ion. I Imboni Yezimoto e-Australia ibhekane nezimo ezinzima zokuhweba eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, abakhiqizi basekhaya behlisa futhi izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zigcwala imakethe yasekhaya. Ukukhathazeka komphakathi mayelana nezindaba zezemvelo kugqugquzele abakhiqizi ukuthi batshale imali kubuchwepheshe obuxubile nobukagesi. Ukuthuthukiswa kokugcinwa kwebhethri nakho kubikezelwa ukusekela isidingo sezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
I-Outlook: ikusasa eliqhakazile lezimayini ze-lithium
Isidingo somhlaba wonke se-lithium kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, okuzoqhubeza ukukhula okuqinile ekuthengisweni kwe-lithium ore yase-Australia. Ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezimpahla zabathengi kubikezelwa ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela ekwenyukeni kwesidingo se-lithium ore ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nezindaba zemvelo kungenzeka kube ngaphansi kwesidingo sesikhathi esizayo samabhethri e-lithium-ion kuzo zonke izimboni.
Imibiko ye-IBISWorld esetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa lokhu kukhishwa:
- I-Lithium kanye Nezinye Izimayini Zamaminerali Ezingezona Zensimbi e-Australia
- Imboni Yezimoto e-Australia
- Imikhiqizo Ezenzakalela Kagesi nokunye Ukwenziwa Kwezisetshenziswa zikagesi e-Australia
- Ukufakwa Kwephaneli Yelanga e-Australia
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