I-DAP Incoterms: Umhlahlandlela Osheshayo Ofuna Ukuwazi

Cabangela inqubo yokuletha iphasela eliphuthumayo, lenani eliphezulu ekhasimendeni ngesaziso esifushane, kanye nomuzwa wokukhululeka ozolandela lapho ikhasimende seliqinisekise ukulithola. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kukhululwa akubangelwa nje kuphela ukwaneliseka kokuqeda umsebenzi kodwa futhi nasekuqinisekisweni ukuthi ubungozi bokulahleka noma ukonakala kwephasela manje budluliselwe kumamukeli.

Ngokujabulisayo, endaweni yeBhizinisi-kuya-Ibhizinisi (B2B) uhwebo lwezohwebo, okuhlukahlukene  Imigomo Yentengiso Yamazwe Ngamazwe (Incoterms) imithetho ekhona ukusiza ukuchaza nokucacisa ukuthi ubungozi bemisebenzi ye-B2B budluliswa nini futhi kanjani ngokufanelekile futhi lusatshalaliswe phakathi kwabathengisi nabathengi. Isimo esichazwe ngaphambilini, ngokwesibonelo, sihlobene kakhulu ne-Delivered At Place (DAP) Incoterm, ebeka ubungozi obuncane kumthengi.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uqonde incazelo ye-DAP, imithwalo yezindleko, nezibopho nezikweletu phakathi komthengisi nomthengi ngaphansi kwale Incoterm, kanye nomthelela wayo ezinhlelweni zokuthutha nokuthi abathengi bangakhetha kanjani le-Incoterm ukuze banciphise ubungozi babo futhi bakhulise ukusebenza kahle.

Okuqukethwe
Ukuqonda i-DAP Incoterms
Izibopho ezibalulekile nezikweletu ngaphansi kwe-DAP Incoterms
Umthwalo wezindleko nemithelela yezezimali
Imininingwane yomthengi esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nge-DAP
Ngakwesokudla ukuya endaweni oya kuyo

Ukuqonda i-DAP Incoterms

Ngokuvumelana negama layo, i-DAP Incoterms isho ukuthi umthengisi kufanele alethe izimpahla endaweni eqokiwe yomthengi, ngokuvamile indawo yokugcina izimpahla yomthengi, ehlanganisa zonke izindleko ezihlobene nokulethwa kanye nezingozi kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kunemisebenzi emibili kuphela ebalulekile endaweni yokugcina esele isibopho sabathengi—inqubo yokugunyazwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinqubo zokukhipha impahla endaweni ecacisiwe yokulethwa.

Njengenye yezinto ezinobungane kakhulu kumthengi Imithetho ye-Incoterms 2020 kusethwe yi I-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), i-DAP ingasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhamba, kuhlanganise nezimo lapho izindlela eziningi zihilelekile.

Izibopho ezibalulekile nezikweletu ngaphansi kwe-DAP Incoterms

Izibopho zomthengisi nezikweletu

Njengoba kuchazwe ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-DAP Incoterms, izibopho zomthengisi nezikweletu zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko zibe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko: imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuhlelwa kwenqola, nokwabiwa kwezindleko zalo lonke uhambo olufika endaweni eshiwo. Ngokukhethekile, maqondana nenqubo yokugunyazwa kokuthekelisa, umdayisi unesibopho esigcwele sokusingatha yonke inqubo yokuthekelisa kanye nezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa nemisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla ibekwe ngendlela efanele ukuze abathengi baqedele inqubo yokuthulula. 

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba umthetho we-DAP udinga ukuthi umthengisi anikeze umthengi isaziso esanele sesimo sokulethwa kwempahla phakathi nesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso, umdayisi akabophekile ukuba aqinisekise izimpahla zomthengi ngaphansi kwalesi sikhathi.

Kafushane, umdayisi uthwala zonke izingozi zokulahlekelwa noma zokulimala kwempahla, futhi ingozi isala kumthengisi uma izimpahla zingakafiki endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo ngokuvumelana nenkontileka, ngaphandle kwezimo ezithile lapho umthengi kufanele athathe imithwalo yemfanelo engozini naphezu kwalesi sivumelwano. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nalokhu ifakwe esigabeni esilandelayo ngaphansi kwezibopho zomthengi nezikweletu.

Izibopho zomthengi nezikweletu

Ngokuphambene nesibopho somthengisi, esihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yohambo, izibopho zomthengi zizungeza engxenyeni yokugcina yohambo futhi agcizelele inqubo yokungenisa, okuhlanganisa wonke amaphepha, imvume yokungenisa, nokuphatha imisebenzi yokuthulula endaweni yokugcina.

Lolu hlelo luphinde lubonise ukuthi zonke izingcuphe nezikweletu zidluliswa ngemva kokulethwa kwezimpahla, okusho ukuthi ingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokulimala idluliselwa kumthengi kuphela lapho umdayisi eletha izimpahla endaweni emisiwe yomthengi futhi egcwalisa zonke izibopho zokulethwa. Umdayisi ubhekwa njengoyiqedile imisebenzi yakhe lapho umthengi ethola isaziso esanele mayelana nesikhathi nendawo yokulethwa.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezimo ezihlukile lapho ubungozi bezimpahla zidluliselwa kumthengi nangaphambi kokufika endaweni. Isibonelo, lokhu kwenzeka lapho abathengi behluleka ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo ezihlobene nemvume yokungenisa ezweni noma behluleka ukunikeza izaziso ezidingekayo kumthengisi ngesikhathi sokulethwa noma indawo phakathi nesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso. Uma izimo ezinjalo ziphakama, umthengi kufanele athathe ubungozi kusukela ngosuku okuvunyelwene ngalo noma kusukela ngosuku okufanele ukuba kuhlangatshezwane nalo lezo zibopho, inqobo nje uma izimpahla zimakwe ngokucacile njengalezo ezishiwo kwinkontileka.

Umthwalo wezindleko nemithelela yezezimali

Izibopho zezezimali zabathengisi

Izibopho zezezimali zabathengisi ngaphansi kwe-DAP Incoterms ziqondile njengoba zihambisana nayo yonke imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile ecaciswe ngaphansi kwalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindleko ezihlobene nokulethwa, okuhlanganisa izindleko eziyinhloko zenqola kanye nezimali zokugunyazwa kokuthekelisa, njengentela yokuthekelisa kanye nezimali ezihambisanayo zokulungisa amaphepha okuthekelisa kanye nezokuthutha, zonke zifakiwe ngaphansi kwezibopho zabathengisi.

Ngamafuphi, abathengisi banesibopho sokukhokhela zonke izindleko zokuthumela kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa okungaba khona ngaphansi kwe-DAP kodwa abadingi ukuphatha noma yiziphi izindleko zokulayisha endaweni yokulethwa noma yiziphi izimali ezihlobene nokuvunyelwa kwentela yempahla.

Izibopho zezezimali zabathengi

Izibopho zezezimali zabathengi zilula uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo zabathengisi njengoba imithwalo yabo yezezimali igxile emithwalweni yangemva kokulethwa kuphela, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi zonke izimali zokugunyazwa kwempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganise nezintela zokungenisa kanye nemisebenzi, nazo zonke izindleko ezisebenzayo zokuthulula. 

Empeleni, zonke izibopho zezimali kanye nezingozi zidluliselwa kubathengi ngemva kokulethwa, okusho ukuthi abathengi bangase badinge ukukhokhela izindleko zokuhamba ukusuka endaweni yokudiliva ukuya endaweni yokugcina uma kungeyona indawo yokugcina.   

Imininingwane yomthengi esebenzayo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nge-DAP

Ukuphathwa kweengozi

Abathengi bangakhetha ngokuphephile i-DAP Incoterm uma kuziwa ekulawuleni ubungozi njengoba i-DAP ingenye yama-Incoterms avumayo kubathengi– ngobungozi bokulethwa budluliselwa kubo kuphela lapho befika endaweni emisiwe yokulethwa. Lokhu futhi kwenza igama le-DAP libe wusizo ikakhulukazi kubathengi abanolwazi ekuphatheni imisebenzi yangemva kokulethwa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibopho sokuphatha imvume yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe singase futhi sisebenze njengenkemba esika nhlangothi zombili kubathengi, ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho bengajwayelene kahle nenqubo edingekayo yentela yempahla kanye nokuhambisana nayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengi bangase babhekane nokubambezeleka okungaba khona kokungenisa kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe. 

Izindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto

Mayelana nokuphathwa kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle kwezinto, njengoba isikhathi se-DAP sinikeza ukucaca okunembayo kuzibopho zezindleko zazo zombili izinhlangothi, umthwalo wezindleko wabathengi ukhawulelwe ezindlekweni zangemva kokulethwa. Mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwezinto, abathengi baphinde bajabulele ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni izindawo zokugcina zokudiliva kanye nezindlela zabo zokuhamba abazithandayo, bangahlela indlela yokuthutha efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo.

Ukuvumelana nezimo okunjalo ekuhlelweni kwempahla kungaba wusizo ikakhulukazi kubathengi abanolwazi olungcono lwendawo lwezokuthutha, bazi ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izinto zokuhamba ezitholakalayo nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Empeleni, lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kunikeza abathengi ukulawula okukhulu ezindlekweni nezokuthutha.

Ukusebenziseka kalula nokusetshenziswa kwamasu

Njengoba abathengisi abaphatha inqwaba yemisebenzi yezokuthutha, i-DAP isebenza njengenketho elula eyenza yonke inqubo yezokuthutha ibe lula kubathengi. Abathengi abancamela ukugxila ekuthotshelweni kwendawo nemisebenzi yokulethwa kunokuphatha inqubo yokuthumela bazokwazisa le-Incoterm ngokunethezeka ekunikezayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukunethezeka eceleni, kubalulekile kubathengi ukuthi bachaze ngokucacile futhi baqinisekise indawo yokulethwa ngqo nabathengisi. Lokhu kubalulekile kubo hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ubungozi budluliselwa kubathengi lapho izimpahla zifika lapho ziya khona kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi, ngokwemithetho ye-DAP Incoterms eshiwo yi-ICC, kuyisibopho kubathengi ukuba banikeze isaziso esiphathelene nendawo eqondile yokulethwa.

Ngakwesokudla ukuya endaweni oya kuyo

I-DAP Incoterm ibeka izibopho eziningi zokuthutha nokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nezingozi ezihambisanayo kubathengisi kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zifika endaweni yokugcina. Abathengi bathatha kuphela imvume yokungenisa kanye nezingozi zokwethula lapho izimpahla zifika.

Kulolu hlelo, abathengisi basingatha zonke izindleko ezifanele zokuletha nokuthumela ngaphandle, kanti abathengi baphatha kuphela izindleko zangemuva kokulethwa. Abathengi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele i-DAP uma behlakaniphile ekuphatheni izinto zokuhamba zasendaweni kanye nezidingo zokugunyazwa kwentela engenayo.

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