I-CIF Incoterms: Umhlahlandlela Obalulekile Ozofuna Ukungena Kuwo

Kuwo wonke unyaka, kunezikhathi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuhamba nezokuvakasha, njengamaholide ehlobo nezinkathi zemikhosi. Iphakethe lezokuvakasha lapho i-ejensi yezokuvakasha ihlela cishe zonke izinto, ehlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezindizeni namahhotela ukuya kumshwalense wokuhamba ukuya esikhumulweni sezindiza okuyiwa kuyo ngokuvamile yamukelekile kakhulu. Nokho, lapho befika, abahambi ngokuvamile kudingeka bazihlelele izinto zabo zokuthutha zendawo nemisebenzi. 

Lawa malungiselelo ayafana ngempela ne-CIF Umthetho we-Incoterms 2020, lapho umdayisi ehlela futhi ekhokhela ezokuthutha kanye nomshwalense wokuya echwebeni okuyiwa kulo, kuyilapho umthengi ephatha yonke into ngale kwendawo yokulayisha. 

Qhubeka nokufunda ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe nge-CIF I-Incoterms, okuhlanganisa izibopho ezinkulu nezibopho zezezimali zabathengisi nabathengi bomthetho we-CIF, izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza zamasu, nezimo ezifanele zokusebenzisa imigomo ye-CIF njengomthengi.

Okuqukethwe
Ukuqonda CIF Incoterms
Izibopho kanye nezibopho zezindleko
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile ze-CIF nokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi
Ukwakha ukuzethemba kwezohwebo

Ukuqonda CIF Incoterms

I-CIF, emele i-Cost, Insurance, and Freight, ingumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ngaphansi kwe-International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) eyasungulwa I-International Chamber of Commerce. Njengoba igama layo lisho, ibeka umthengisi umthwalo wemfanelo wokukhokha zonke izindleko, okuhlanganisa umshwalense nempahla, kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zifika echwebeni lapho umthengi eya khona. Kodwa-ke, ingozi idluliswa isuka kumthengisi iye kumthengi uma izimpahla sezilayishwe emkhunjini esikhumulweni semikhumbi, hhayi kuze kufike ethekwini okuyiwa kulo njengoba izibopho zomthengisi ziphela endaweni yokulayisha.

Njengamanye ama-Incoterms amabili, okuyi-CFR kanye ne-FOB, i-CIF isebenza kuphela ekuthuthweni kolwandle noma emanzini ezimpahla ezilayishwe emikhunjini. Ngakho-ke ayifaneleki ukulayisha ngaphambilini izinhlelo ze-handoff kwezinye izindlela zokuthutha.

Izibopho kanye nezibopho zezindleko

Izibopho zomthengisi kanye nezibopho zezindleko

Ngaphansi komthetho we-CIF Incoterms, umdayisi unomthwalo wemfanelo omningi nezindleko. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthengiselana, umdayisi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokupakisha, imvume yokuthekelisa, kanye nokuhlela ukulayishwa kwezimpahla emkhunjini. Nakuba umthengisi ethathwa njengofeze isibopho sokulethwa lapho izimpahla sezilayishiwe emkhunjini, kufanele futhi aqinisekise inkontileka yenqola eyinhloko ukusuka kulelo phuzu kuya echwebeni lokugcina lapho kuyiwa khona, ekhokhela zonke izindleko zempahla ezilandelayo. Lezi zindleko zempahla zimboza lonke uhambo, kusukela ekulayisheni kokuqala emkhunjini kuya esikhumulweni sokugcina.

Ngenxa yalezi zibopho eziphelele, umdayisi unesibopho sokukhokhela zonke izindleko ezihambisanayo, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha, imvume yentela yokuthekelisa, izintela zokuthekelisa, imisebenzi, amalayisense adingekayo, izimali zokugunyazwa kwezokuphepha, imibhalo yokuthobela imithetho, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimali ezidingekayo zokuhlola.

Ngaphezu kokwengamela yonke inqubo yokuthumela nokuthekelisa kanye nezindleko ezihambisanayo, isibopho sezezimali esibaluleke kakhulu somthengisi ngaphansi komthetho we-CIF ukuthola umshwalense owanele. Esimeni lapho izwe okuyiwa kulo lidinga ukuthi umshwalense uthengwe endaweni, kungase kusebenze kakhulu ngazo zombili izinhlangothi ukuqhubeka nesivumelwano ngaphansi komthetho we-CFR Incoterms esikhundleni se-CIF, ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana nezidingo zomshwalense wendawo.

Ngokuvumelana nezidingo ze-CIF, umdayisi kufanele ahlinzeke ngomshwalense ohlanganisa izimpahla kusukela ngesikhathi ezilayishwa ngaso emkhunjini ethekwini lokuthutha kuze kube yilapho zifika echwebeni lokugcina. Lesi sidingo somshwalense, nokho, sivumela umdayisi ukuthi akhokhe imali encane kuphela, njengoba kushiwo yi-Institute Cargo Clauses (C) ye I-Lloyd's Market Association (LMA) or I-International Underwriting Association yaseLondon (IUA) noma izinhlinzeko ezifanayo. 

Nakuba umthengi angase acele umshwalense owengeziwe ngezindleko zakhe, umshwalense we-CIF ojwayelekile ohlinzekwa umthengisi kusafanele umboze okungenani u-110% yenani lenkontileka, ngohlobo lwemali okuvunyelwene ngalo, ngaphandle uma lokho kufakwa okwengeziwe sekufakiwe kakade ngaphansi komshwalense wempahla oshiwo ngaphambili.

Uma kwenzeka umthengi eyidinga, umthengisi kufanele futhi anikeze umthengi lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze athole noma yikuphi ukukhokhelwa komshwalense okwengeziwe ngokuzifaka engozini kanye nezindleko zomthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshwalense kufanele uvumele umthengi noma yimuphi umuntu onomshwalense ukuthi afune ngokuqondile kumshwalensi futhi umdayisi kufanele anikeze umthengi izitifiketi zomshwalense noma imininingwane yepholisi njengobufakazi bokusebenza okudingekayo.

Izibopho zomthengi kanye nezibopho zezindleko

Mayelana nokudluliswa kwengozi, umthengi uthatha zonke izingozi uma izimpahla sezisemkhunjini zize zifike endaweni yokugcina yokulethwa. Nokho, ngokombono wezindleko, izibopho zezimali zomthengi zigxile ezindlekweni ezitholwe lapho impahla ifika nangaphandle kwetheku okuyiwa kulo. Njengoba umdayisi ephatha kuphela imali yokuthutha kanye nezindleko zomshwalense kuze kufike lapho uya khona, umthengi udinga ukuzibophezela kuzo zonke ezinye izindleko ngale kwalelo phuzu. 

Umthwalo wezindleko wabathengi oqala kusukela echwebeni okuyiwa kulo kuye phambili uhlanganisa izindleko zechweba noma zetheminali, njengezindleko zokukhipha nokuphatha, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izindleko zokuhamba ezilandelayo ukuze zilethwe lapho beya khona ekugcineni. Ngakho-ke, abathengi kufanele futhi banakekele yonke inqubo yokungenisa, ehlanganisa yonke imithetho yokungenisa okuhlanganisa nezintela ezifanele zokungenisa kanye nentela.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile ze-CIF nokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi

Ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-CIF kwezohwebo

Njengoba kuqokonyiswe ku-ICC Incoterms 2020, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo komthetho we-CIF, umthengisi nomthengi kufanele baqale bafinyelele isivumelwano esicacile ngamachweba amabili abalulekile: ichweba lokulayisha—lapho izimpahla zifakwa khona emkhunjini, kanye nechweba lokuya khona– lapho umdayisi ehlela izinto zokuhamba ukuze aqinisekise ukulethwa. Imbobo yokulayisha isebenza njengendawo yokudlulisa ubungozi lapho zonke izingcuphe zidluliswa zisuka kumthengisi ziye kumthengi zisuka lapho kuye phambili. Ngaleso sikhathi, ichweba liphawula ukuqala kwesibopho somthengi sakho konke ukusetshenzwa okulandelayo nezindleko ezihambisanayo kuze kufike endaweni yokugcina. 

Ngokwesibonelo, umthengisi angase alayishe izimpahla emkhunjini osethekwini lase-Singapore ukuze ziqhubeke zithunyelwe endaweni eyiwa kuyo e-Rotterdam. Umthengisi uhambisa zonke izingcuphe kumthengi ose-Singapore futhi uqashelwa njengosesifezile kakade isibopho sakhe sokulethwa lapho izimpahla sezilayishiwe lapho. Noma kunjalo, umthengisi uhlala enesibopho sokuhlela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla zisuka eSingapore ziye eRotterdam.

Ngaphandle kwamachweba amabili ashiwo ngenhla, esinye isici esibalulekile sokusebenzisa ngempumelelo umthetho we-CIF ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi umthetho we-CIF Incoterms usetshenziswa ngendlela efanele uma impahla engagciniwe njengokuthi impahla eningi futhi i-breakbulk impahla ihilelekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpahla ezifakwe emabhokisini, lezi zinhlobo zempahla ngokuvamile zidinga ukupakishwa okuncane futhi zingalayishwa kalula emkhunjini ngaphandle kokudlula endaweni yesitsha, ephikisana nenqubo ye-CIF edinga ukuthi umdayisi abeke izimpahla ngqo emkhunjini.

Okwamanje, bobabili abathintekayo kufanele babuyekeze ngokucophelela ukuhlinzekwa komshwalense ukuze babone ukuthi umthengi unezidingo ezithile zokulawula ubungozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abathengi kufanele baxoxisane ngomshuwalense obanzi noma bacabange ukucela ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izidingo zabo zohwebo ziyahlangatshezwa.

Izimo ezilungile zokusebenzisa i-CIF njengomthengi

Umthetho we-CIF Incoterms ugqama njengenye yezinketho ezilula kakhulu nezingenzima kakhulu kubathengi. Iqiniso lokuthi abathengisi badinga ukumboza zonke izindleko zokuthumela kuze kufike ethekwini okuyiwa kulo alinikezi nje kuphela amandla abalulekile ezomnotho kubathengi kodwa futhi lilungele labo abanolwazi oluncane noma olungenalo lokuhlela ezweni lendabuko, njengoba abathengisi yibona abaphethe zonke izinhlelo zempahla zomhlaba wonke ezihlanganisa nenqubo yokugunyazwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.

Kubathengi abathutha izimpahla zenani eliphezulu ezingagciniwe noma ezintekenteke njengemishini, izimoto zikanokusho, nezisetshenziswa ezisindayo, imigomo ye-CIF inikeza ukukhetha okuthembekile ngokufakwa okuzenzakalelayo komshwalense oyisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile kumthengi ukuthi aqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kwalokhu kukhava okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, kufanele futhi acabangele ukuthola umshwalense owengeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphelele okwengeziwe kwezimpahla zabo zenani eliphezulu.

Okokugcina, naphezu kwakho konke ukunethezeka nenqubo eyenziwe lula umthetho we-CIF okunikezwayo, abathengi kufanele bahlale beqaphile izindleko ezingase zifihleke ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme, njengoba abathengisi belawula izici eziningi zayo yonke inqubo yezokuthutha kanye namalungiselelo omshwalense.

Ukwakha ukuzethemba kwezohwebo

Umthetho we-CIF Incoterms udinga ukuthi umdayisi akhokhe zonke izindleko ezihambisanayo zokuthutha kanye nomshwalense, okuhlanganisa izintela zokuthekelisa kanye nezibopho zokuthunyelwa ethekwini lapho umthengi efika khona, kuyilapho ubungozi nezibopho zokulethwa zibhekwa njengezidluliselwe futhi ziqedwa uma izimpahla sezilayishwe emkhunjini. Umthengi uthatha ubungozi kanye nezindleko kusukela endaweni lapho izimpahla zisemkhunjini futhi unesibopho sokukhokhiswa kwetheminali yokuphatha kanye nezindleko endaweni oya kuyo, inqubo yokugunyazwa kokungenisa, nayo yonke imisebenzi yokuthulula nezokuthutha nezinkokhelo kuze kufike endaweni yokugcina.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo komthetho we-CIF, bobabili umthengi nomthengisi kufanele bachaze ngokucacile ichweba lokulayisha kanye nembobo okuyiwa kuyo. Ngokufana nemithetho ye-FOB kanye ne-CFR Incoterms, i-CIF ayizilungele izimpahla ezifakwe esitsheni kodwa ilungele i-breakbulk kanye nempahla eyinqwaba, engalayishwa ngokuqondile emkhunjini. Abathengi abangenalwazi noma labo abanolwazi olulinganiselwe ngokuphathwa kwezwe lendabuko bangakha ukuzethemba okukhulu kwezohwebo ngesici somshwalense esizenzakalelayo se-CIF. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi abanenani eliphezulu noma izimpahla ezintekenteke bangathembela kumshwalense oyisisekelo wemibandela ye-CIF ukuze bavikele ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo kokuthunyelwe kwabo.

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