Umlando womsakazo wezimoto usukela ngeminyaka yawo-1920s kanye nama-30s, kodwa ukuguqulwa kwawo okuqhubekayo kuye kwakha isiko le-pop, imboni yomculo, ngisho nokuphepha emgwaqeni kuze kube yilolu suku. Iphinde yadlula ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe okuningana, okudlale indima ebalulekile kukho konke ukuthuthuka kwayo.
Umsakazo wemoto uwumthombo onokwethenjelwa futhi okahle wokuzijabulisa, kodwa umthelela wawo mkhulu kunokusetshenziswa kwawo ekushayeleni kwansuku zonke. Nakhu ukucutshungulwa kafushane komlando womsakazo wezimoto nezindlela obe nomthelela ngazo emphakathini.
Okuqukethwe
Umlando womsakazo wemoto
Izinhlobo zamarediyo ezimoto
Ithonya emphakathini
Isiphetho
Umlando womsakazo wemoto
Ngisho nokwanda kwama-audiobook, ama-podcast, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomculo, abathengi basathembele kumsakazo wemoto ukubajabulisa njengoba behamba. U-Edison Research iphawula ukuthi ama-73% abantu baseMelika basasebenzisa umsakazo wemoto njengomthombo wabo wokulalelwayo. Eqinisweni, abathengi ngeke bakwazi ukuqasha noma ukuthenga imoto uma ingekho ishuna yomsakazo, ngokusho kombiko. Ucwaningo lwe-2021 futhi ngu-Edison Research. Cishe u-25% we Abalaleli beSpotify balalele kakhulu ngenkathi besemotweni yabo.
Imisakazo yezimoto yokuqala eyaziwayo yazalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1920s ngobuchwepheshe be-vacuum tube, okuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi. Lo mshini usebenzise ishubhu lengilazi vacuum ukuze ulawule ukuhamba kwamaza kagesi. Nakuba bukhulu, kubiza, futhi kungasebenzi kakhulu, lobu buchwepheshe kwaba esetshenziswa kumabonakude wakudala, umsakazo, kanye nemishini yekhompyutha.
Umsakazo wokuqala we-car amplitude modulation (AM) wezohwebo wasungulwa ngo-1930 nguJoseph noPaul Galvin beGalvin Manufacturing Corporation (manje ebizwa ngokuthi. Samsung). IMotorola Model 5T71 idayiswe njengekhithi ukuze abanikazi bezimoto bayifake. I-Chevrolet yaqala ukunikeza imisakazo efakwe efekthri ngawo-1930.
Ngo-1955, inkampani uBlaupunkt wethula umsakazo wokuqala we-frequency modulation (FM) ikakhulukazi izimoto. Imodeli yabo ye-Autosuper 5 yayinekhwalithi yomsindo engcono kanye nohlu olubanzi lweziteshi kunemisakazo ye-AM. Iminyaka yawo-1960 yaletha izidlali zamakhasethi ezinamathrekhi ayisishiyagalombili, kuyilapho izidlali zekhasethi zomsakazo wezimoto zethulwa ngawo-1970. In-dash abadlali be-compact disc (CD). yethulwa ngo-1985, ivumela abashayeli ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo ulwazi lwabo lokushayela.
Akukhona nje ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bebuthuthukile, kodwa abakhiqizi bezimoto nezinkampani zokuzijabulisa zedijithali (njenge Alpine futhi Pioneer) bebehlanganyela ukuze banikeze amasistimu e-stereo engeziwe e-premium.
Izinhlobo zamarediyo ezimoto
Analog
I-analogi iwuhlobo oludala kakhulu lomsakazo, futhi igama elithi analogi libhekisela kusistimu yesignali ye-elekthronikhi esebenzisa amasignali ahlukahlukene ukudlulisa amaza omsakazo. Amasignali omsakazo we-analogi aphathwa kusetshenziswa i-AM noma i-FM yesiphathi ukuze kuhunyushwe ulwazi lomsindo. Lawa masistimu athambekele ekubeni amile, aphazamiseke, kanye nekhwalithi yomsindo ephansi. Namuhla, ungathola imisakazo ye-analog ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma ezimotweni ezindala.
Digital
Inguquko yedijithali yemisakazo yezimoto yaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, ikakhulukazi ishintsha amasistimu e-analog. Amashuna edijithali anikeza ikhwalithi yomsindo ecwebe kakhudlwana nokwamukelwa okungcono, nokucubungula isignali yedijithali (DSP) yamukela izici ezithuthuke kakhulu njengokunciphisa umsindo nokulinganisa.
Lawa masistimu asebenzisa amasignali ahlukene ukuze aguqule amasignali alalelwayo abe ifomethi yedijithali, bese ulwazi ludluliselwe kudatha yedijithali. Leyo datha iqoshwa yisamukeli somsakazo kusetshenziswa ihadiwe ekhethekile nesofthiwe, okuholela kumsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokungafani ne-analog, umsakazo wedijithali unokuphazanyiswa okuncane kanye nokuma.
Isathelayithi
Irediyo yesathelayithi iwuhlobo lomsakazo wedijithali. Ngalolu hlobo, amasiginali atholwa kumasathelayithi ku-orbit, okuvumela iziteshi eziningi. Ukuze ufinyelele umsakazo wesathelayithi, abalaleli basebenzisa isamukeli somsakazo wesathelayithi ngokuvamile esivulwa ngesevisi yokubhalisa.
Njengamanje, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa zokubhalisa ngesathelayithi ezifana ne-SiriusXM ne-iHeartMedia. Ngaphezu kokuqukethwe okukhethekile namashaneli enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, le sevisi yomsakazo inekhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu kanye nenqwaba yamashaneli ezinhlelo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Smart
Uhlobo olusha kakhulu lomsakazo wemoto lubandakanya ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile obunikeza ngendlela engaphezu kokulalela umculo nje. Imisakazo yezimoto yanamuhla ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-smart “infotainment” obuvumela abashayeli ukuthi baxhume omakhalekhukhwini babo emotweni yabo Bluetooth uxhumano noma izimbobo ze-USB.
Imisakazo yobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile ixhumeka ku-inthanethi, ibonise amamephu nokuzulazula, futhi ifinyelela kumasevisi okusakaza umculo. Abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto baze babe nezikrini zokuthinta ezididiyelwe.
Ithonya emphakathini
Amatiyetha okushayela
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, imisakazo yezimoto yayisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa umsindo wamafilimu ngomshini wokulalelwayo wemoto. Ngokushuna isiteshi somsakazo esithile, amatiyetha angenisa ukushayela avumela abashayeli ukuthi babukele imuvi futhi bayizwe njengendlela yokuzijabulisa ephathwayo nenethezekile.
Ukuphakanyiswa komculo
Umsakazo wezimoto usunesikhathi eside utholakala kumalebula okuqopha ukuze ukhangise abaculi nomculo wawo. Abaculi bathembele eziteshini zomsakazo ukusiza ukukhulisa ukuvezwa nokurekhoda ukuthengiswa. Yize izinsiza zokusakaza ku-inthanethi sezithathe indawo yomsakazo wendabuko, umsakazo usalokhu uyindlela ebalulekile yokuthi amaciko asekhaya nazimele athole abalandeli.
Amafomethi omsakazo
Ngawo-1970 kanye nawo-1980, iziteshi zomsakazo zaqala ukunikeza izinketho zomculo eziningi ukuze zibhekele izethameli ezihlukahlukene. Kube nokuchuma kwe-rap, i-R&B, i-rock and roll, izwe, i-jazz, neziteshi zemisakazo zezingxoxo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuholele ekutheni kube nosaziwayo emisakazweni kanye nama-disc jockeys (o-DJ).
Ukuphepha komgwaqo
Selokhu kwasungulwa umsakazo wezimoto, lezi zisetshenziswa zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. Izikhulu zabaphathi bezimo eziphuthumayo zisebenzisa umsakazo wemoto ukusakaza izinhlekelele zemvelo, ama-oda okuphuma, kanye nezixwayiso ze-Amber.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 kanye nawo-1970, iziteshi zethelevishini zendawo zaqala ukubika ngezingozi zomgwaqo kanye nemibiko evamile yomgwaqo. Kule nkathi yanamuhla yokushayela okuphazamisekile, kunemithetho nemikhankaso yezenhlalo yokukhuthaza abashayeli ukuthi bahlale beqaphile futhi baqaphele lapho beshayela. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto manje bahlanganisa izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe njengezilawuli ezisebenzisa izwi, isikrini esithintwayo, namasistimu alungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ivolumu yomsakazo ngokusekelwe kusivinini.
Isiphetho
Umsakazo wemoto unikeza okungaphezu komculo nje. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kuguqule ulwazi lokushayela kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kokuphepha emgwaqeni kuya ekukhetheni ifomethi yomsakazo. Ngokufunda umlando womsakazo wezimoto, imakethe ingabona ukuthi umkhakha usuthuthuke kangakanani futhi ubheke phambili ekutheni ikusasa lomsakazo wezimoto lingaba njani. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kuzoba mnandi ukubona ukuthi imoto yomsakazo iyaqhubeka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi ishintshe nezikhathi eminyakeni ezayo.
