Ekhampasi Yokukhiqiza Eyengeziwe e-Oberschleißheim, i-BMW Group izama ukwenza i-arc arc additive manufacturer (WAAM), lapho intambo eyenziwe nge-aluminium noma efanayo incibilika kusetshenziswa i-arc. Khona-ke irobhothi elilawulwa yi-software libeka inani elikhulu lama-welding seams phezu komunye nomunye ngokunemba, kuze kube yilapho ingxenye ephelele isiqediwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi ingcindezi isho ukuthi ungqimba ngongqimba asikho isidingo sokunaka ukubola, izakhiwo ezingenalutho ezinesilinganiso esiphezulu phakathi kokuqina nesisindo zingenzeka.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye zingaba lula futhi ziqine kakhulu kunezingxenye ezifaniswayo ezifaniswayo ezikhiqizwa manje ekukhiqizweni kochungechunge. Angabuye akhiqizwe ngendlela eqhubekayo ngenxa yezidingo eziphansi zamandla kanye nokumosha izinto ezincane. Ngokuzayo, uhlelo luwukusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa inqubo ye-WAAM ezimotweni ezikhiqiza i-BMW Group.
Ububanzi obukhulu nokuphakama komthungo owodwa wokushisela kusho ukuthi izingxenye zingakhiqizwa ngokushesha okukhulu kusetshenziswa i-WAAM. Ngokuphambene nokuncibilika kwe-laser beam, esevele isetshenziswa ku-prototype kanye nokukhiqizwa kochungechunge oluncane ku-BMW Group, i-WAAM ifaneleka ngokukhethekile izingxenye ezinkulu. Ubukhulu bodonga obujwayelekile bufaneleka kahle ezingxenyeni zomzimba, ukushayela, nezindawo ze-chassis. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi namadivayisi kungabuye kwenziwe kusetshenziswa le nqubo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ebuye isetshenziswe embonini yezindiza.
Abasebenzi be-BMW Group bebegxile enqubweni ye-WAAM, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-build-up welding, kusukela ngo-2015. Iseli le-WAAM lokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zokuhlola belisetshenziswa e-Additive Manufacturing Campus kusukela ngo-2021. Esinye salezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisibonelo ukusekelwa kwe-suspension strut, okuthi, ekuhlolweni okubanzi ebhentshini lokuhlola elenziwe nge-aluminium ekhiqizwayo, iqhathaniswa ne-aluminium yokukhiqiza ekhiqizwayo.
Kulesi sigaba sokuqala sekuvele kusobala ukuthi inqubo ye-WAAM ingaholela ekukhiqizweni okuphansi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isisindo esiphansi sezingxenye, isilinganiso sazo sokusetshenziswa kwempahla enenzuzo, kanye nokukhetha ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo kusho ukuthi izingxenye zingakhiqizwa ngokuphumelelayo.
—UJens Ertel, iNhloko yakwaBMW Additive Manufacturing
Isigaba esilandelayo sentuthuko endleleni eya kochungechungeni lokukhiqiza izingxenye zemoto, ezizoqala esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.
I-welding seams ebanzi kwinqubo ye-WAAM isho ukuthi izindawo ezingaphezulu zezingxenye azibushelelezi, kodwa zixutshwe kancane futhi kufanele ziqedwe ezindaweni ezibucayi. Kodwa-ke, onjiniyela be-BMW Group bakwazile ukukhombisa ukuthi izingxenye ze-WAAM zingasetshenziselwa imithwalo ephezulu, okuhlanganisa imithwalo yama-cyclical, ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa kwangemuva.
Imingcele yenqubo eyenziwe ngcono ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina ngokuqondile kusukela ekukhiqizeni, ngakho-ke inhlanganisela yenqubo yokushisela kanye nokuhlelwa kwendlela yerobhothi kufanele kuhlanganiswe kahle.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ohlelweni lwe-WAAM, inhlanganisela yenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nomklamo wengxenye entsha evamile kubalulekile. Kuze kube manje, i-BMW Group iyaqhubeka nokusheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-generative design. Lapha, ikhompuyutha isebenzisa ama-algorithms ukuze idizayine izingxenye ezithuthukisiwe ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile.
Lawa ma-algorithms athuthukiswa ngokubambisana okusondelene namathimba ezinhlanga ezahlukene futhi ngokwengxenye agqugquzelwe izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo emvelweni. Njengezakhiwo ze-bionic, isinyathelo sokuqala ukusebenzisa kuphela impahla edingekayo ku-topology yengxenye, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlela kahle esinyathelweni sesibili, ingxenye iqiniswa kuphela lapho kunesidingo. Lokhu ekugcineni kuphumela ezingxenyeni ezilula neziqinile kanye nokusebenza kahle okukhulu namandla okuguquguquka kwezimoto.
Izinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza izithasiselo azikho kuqhudelana, kunalokho kufanele zibhekwe njengezihambisanayo. Isibonelo, ukuncibilika kwe-laser beam kuzoqhubeka nokuba nenzuzo kakhulu kunenqubo ye-WAAM uma kuziwa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokulungiswa kwemininingwane. Ngokuphathelene nosayizi ongase ube khona wengxenye kanye nezinga lokubeka, nokho, ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kwe-arc kwentambo kuphakeme.
I-BMW Group ekuqaleni ihlela ukukhiqizwa kwe-WAAM emaphakathi kwezingxenye ze-Oberschleißheim, esikhathini esizayo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinye izindawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngabahlinzeki-mpahla nakho kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungacatshangwa ngisho nokukhiqiza izingxenye ngazinye ngqo kulayini wokuhlanganisa usebenzisa le nqubo futhi wenze izingxenye ezihlukene ngaphandle kwamathuluzi amasha, ngokumane uguqule isofthiwe. Ukuzinza kungathuthukiswa futhi ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezigaywe kabusha.
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