Ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuthengeka kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja kunciphisa ukukhula kwemakethe ye-BEV, kodwa ama-FHEV nama-PHEV abona impumelelo.
Imikhuba yokuthenga yabathengi ibonisa ukuthanda okukhulayo kwezimoto eziyingxube, ubuchwepheshe bebhuloho obunciphisa ukwesaba kwamabhethri afile namathuba alinganiselwe wokushaja ahlobene nezimoto zikagesi (EVs).
Lo mkhuba usususe izifiso zemoto esebenza ngogesi ngamabhethri (BEV), kanti iMercedes-Benz iyinkampani yakamuva kakhulu yokubheka kabusha umgomo wayo wokufaka ugesi. Le nkampani ibilindele ukuthi u-50% wokudayiswa uzohlanganiswa nezimoto ezifakwe ugesi ngo-2025, kodwa manje isibambezele umgomo kwaze kwaba ngu-2030.
Imakethe ye-BEV yaseYurophu ehamba kancane
Ngaphandle kokugomela kwakamuva kwesikhulu sezezimali sakwa-BMW sokuthi imakethe ye-BEV isifinyelele “eqophelweni eliphezulu” nokuthi “ukukhula kwevolumu esikhathini esizayo kuzovela ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi ngamabhethri,” ukukhula kwemakethe ye-BEV kuhamba kancane.
Ngo-2023 kube nokukhula komhlaba ngo-35% unyaka nonyaka ekuthengisweni kwezimoto zabagibeli (PV) BEVs, ezishayelwa ikakhulukazi yi-China, lapho kudayiswe amayunithi angu-10.3 million ezimakethe zezwe zeBEV kanye ne-plug-in hybrid electric cars (PHEV). Kodwa-ke, isidingo besilokhu sehla kuzo zonke izimakethe zaseYurophu nase-US, njengoba amanani entengo ephezulu evimbe abathengi.
Ngezizathu ezenza iYurophu ikhule kancane embikweni wakhe wakamuva, kusho umhlaziyi weGlobalData u-Al Bedwell Okuzenzakalelayo nje: “Imakethe ye-BEV yase-Europe ibhekene nesikhathi sokukhula kancane njengoba abathengi abanengcindezi yezezimali bevinjwa amanani entengo esitika, futhi, vele, uhla nokukhathazeka kokushaja kuseyinkinga kwabaningi abazoba abashayeli be-BEV.”
Izintengo eziphakeme zezitikha zibonga izindleko ezihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-BEV, eziye zaba zimbi kakhulu njengoba imikhiqizo yase-Europe isungule ngokuyinhloko umkhakha wephrimiyamu. Iqembu lase-Europe lomkhankaso i-Transport and Environment liphawule ukuthi amamodeli we-BEV angama-75 atholakala ngaphansi kwama-Euro angama-20,000 e-China, uma kuqhathaniswa nelase-Europe, libika ukuthi: “Ukugxila ngendlela engalingani kwabenzi bezimoto kumamodeli amakhulu, ama-premium amaningi kubangele amanani aphezulu ama-BEV eYurophu.”
Iqhube yathi: “Nakuba intengo ye-BEV emaphakathi yehle e-China ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-50 kusukela ngo-2015 ngenxa yokuthi, ngokwengxenye, kugxilwe kakhulu kuma-EV emakethe enkulu kanye nokuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, isilinganiso sentengo ye-BEV yase-Europe sikhuphuke ngo-€18,000, okubonisa ukuthi amasu e-OEM ahlukene angaholela kanjani emiphumeleni ehluke kakhulu kubathengi.”
Indaba ihlukile e-China, lapho uxhaso lwemboni ye-BEV lukhulise kakhulu imboni, i-TS Lombard ibike ukuthi ukwesekwa kukahulumeni wase-China kufinyelele phezulu kwesilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-US$130bn phakathi kuka-2009 no-2021. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni izimoto zamaShayina zeqe imikhiqizo yangaphandle e-China - imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele - ngokokuqala ngqa emashumini eminyaka.
Impumelelo yaseChina ibeka engcupheni abakhiqizi baseYurophu, njengoba okungenani amafemu angama-20 e-EV aseShayina ehlela ukuthengisa phesheya, okuhlanganisa i-Nio, i-GAC, i-Great Wall Motors, i-Geely ne-SAIC. I-TS Lombard ibike ukuthi ama-BEV aseShayina ayaqhudelana ngenxa yokuthi “intengo yawo engenakunqotshwa iyintengo, ngezimoto zesabelomali ezenziwe eShayina ezingabiza ngekota eyodwa kunemikhiqizo yase-Europe evamile ngisho nentela yamanje ye-EU yokungenisa ngokuzenzakalelayo engu-10%, esizwa izindleko eziphansi zezisebenzi zaseChina kanye nokubusa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwebhethri le-EV.”
Kungani ama-PHEV kanye nama-FHEV ethole impumelelo
Umbiko ka-Bedwell ucubungule imakethe eshintshayo, kanye nempumelelo yezimoto zikagesi ezigcwele i-hybrid (FHEVs) bathole: “Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezigcwele ze-hybrid, cishe okuphethwa ngophethiloli kuphela, kuphindeke kabili kule minyaka emithathu edlule futhi njengamanje kusebenza cishe ngamayunithi angama-300k ngekota. Yize kunabadlali abaningi emakethe kunababekhona eminyakeni emithathu edlule, akukhona nje ukutholakala okukhulu okushayela isidingo. Abashayeli bezimoto zikadizili abafinyelela esiphethweni sokuqashisa noma ubunikazi bangase bathole ukuthi ukukhetha kwezimoto ezinalolo hlobo lukaphethiloli sekwehlile njengoba bagcina ukushintsha imoto yabo.”
Ama-PHEV nawo ayinketho yabathengi abafuna ukuthuthukisa, nokho inani lentengo eliphakeme elibhangqwe nokukhathazeka mayelana nokutholakala kweziteshi zokushaja kudale ukumelana okuthile.
Nokho bobabili bayibonile impumelelo: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-GlobaData kuthole ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwe-PHEV kwenyuke ngamaphesenti angama-39 ngo-2023, kwafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-3.7, kuyilapho i-FHEV ibona ukwanda okungama-30% unyaka nonyaka okuqhutshwa izimakethe ezingaphandle kweChina. Iphawule ukuthi laba "ngabathengi abafuna ukusebenza kahle, kodwa abafuni noma abakwazi ukukhokhela i-plug-in."
Ezinye izinkampani zibone impumelelo ethile emkhakheni we-FHEV, njengoba inkampani yaseJapan iToyota ehamba phambili embonini. KwaRenault, Hyundai, Honda neFord nabo bangene emakethe nakuba iToyota idla amagalani.
Nokho, u-Bedwell uveza ukuthi “okuphawulekayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuthi akekho noyedwa umdlali obalulekile kuleli qembu oyiqembu laseYurophu.”
Ubeka ukuthi lokhu kungase kudalwe ubufushane okungenzeka befasitela lemakethe ye-FHEV. Nakuba ukukhula kwe-BEV kuhamba kancane, kusazobhekana nokudayiswa kwezimoto ezingaphezu kuka-70% e-Europe ngo-2030; Ama-FHEV awubuchwepheshe bebhuloho obusebenzayo oguqukweni, kodwa indima yabo izoba eyesikhashana. Izinkampani ezihlanganisa iVolkswagen neStellantis okwamanje zikhethe ukungangeni emakethe, mhlawumbe lokhu engqondweni.
Umthombo ovela Okuzenzakalelayo nje
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