Imakethe yaseYurophu, ehlanganisa amazwe angama-27 e-European Union (EU) (okuhlanganisa amazwe e-European Economic Area 'EEA' afana ne-Iceland, i-Liechtenstein, ne-Norway), inamakhasimende angaba khona angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-448. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthengisa imikhiqizo e-Europe kunikeza ukufinyelela kwelinye lamabhulokhi amakhulu kakhulu ohwebo, lapho abathengi bechitha khona imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,000 zamadola aseMelika ngekota eyodwa nje yezimali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi i-EU isebenza njengemakethe eyodwa, uma amabhizinisi esethumele ngempumelelo imikhiqizo yawo ezweni eliyilungu elilodwa, imikhiqizo ifaneleka ukudayiswa kuwo wonke amazwe e-EU, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukuphathwa ikhanda okwengeziwe kanye namaphepha asemthethweni.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze umkhiqizo umakethwe ngokukhululeka e-Europe, kufanele ufeze ukuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho ezithile. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uqonde ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngokuthi "umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe wase-Europe," izitifiketi ezihlukene ze-EU ezingavula ukufinyelela e-Europe, nokuthi ungayithola kanjani le mikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU ku-inthanethi ngokuchofoza nje okumbalwa!
Okuqukethwe
Kusho ukuthini ukuba ne-EU-certified?
Yiziphi izitifiketi ze-EU ezibonisa ukuvumelana kweYurophu?
Thola imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU ku-Cooig.com's European Pavilion
Ngena emakethe yaseYurophu ngemikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU
Kusho ukuthini ukuba ne-EU-certified?
Umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe wase-Europe usho umkhiqizo ohlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile zokuphepha, ezempilo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezibekwe yi-European Union. I-European Commission yengamela iziqondiso ezihlukahlukene ze-EU zokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ifanele ukudayiswa ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area (EEA).
Ngaphezu kwemibhalo edingekayo yezobuchwepheshe ye Ukugunyazwa kwamasiko e-EU, abakhiqizi kufanele banikeze i-Declaration of Conformity (DoC). Lo mbhalo usebenza njengepasipoti ukuze imikhiqizo isatshalaliswe ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Kuyisimemezelo sokuthi umkhiqizo uhloliwe elabhorethri egunyaziwe, futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingokomthetho ze-EU.
Yiziphi izitifiketi ze-EU ezibonisa ukuvumelana kweYurophu?
Kusukela encazelweni ehlinzekwe esigabeni sangaphambilini, kuyabonakala ukuthi amabhizinisi, afana nabathengisi bezitolo nabathengisi, kufanele athobele izimfuneko zesitifiketi se-EU ukuze athengise imikhiqizo yawo e-Europe.
Lezi zidingo ze-EU zingahluka. Ezinye izitifiketi zisebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo ethengiswa kuwo wonke amazwe e-European Union, kuyilapho ezinye ziqondene namazwe athile ase-Europe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo ekhethekile, okuhlanganisa imishini yezokwelapha nemishini kagesi, ingaphansi kwezidingo ezengeziwe zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwayo nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu.
Nazi ezinye izitifiketi ze-EU amabhizinisi okudingeka azi ngaphambi kokuthengisa imikhiqizo yawo emakethe yaseYurophu:
Ukumaka kuka-CE
Ukumakwa kwe-CE yisitifiketi sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu se-EU umkhiqizo okufanele uhlangabezane nakho ukuze udayiswe eYurophu. Ama-initials 'CE' melela amagama esiFulentshi "I-Conformité Européenne,” okuhunyushwa ngokuthi “Ubumbano lwaseYurophu.” Kuyisimemezelo esisemthethweni sokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izindinganiso zaseYurophu ezidingekayo ezihlobene nempilo, ukuphepha, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
Ukumakwa kwe-CE kusebenza ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zomkhiqizo, kusukela kumathoyizi nezinto zikagesi kuya emishinini yezokwelapha nemishini. Lolu phawu oluyingqayizivele lwezinhlamvu ezimbili lungavame ukutholakala ephaketheni noma ngokuqondile kumkhiqizo ngokwawo.
Zombili izinhlamvu zokumaka i-CE kumele zigcine ukuphakama okuqondile okulinganayo futhi zivame ukuvezwa ngefonti etshekile ejwayelekile. Ukuze uhlole ukufaneleka kwesitifiketi se-CE ku-inthanethi, amabhizinisi angathintana newebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ejensi ekhiphayo noma aseshe imininingo egciniwe ye-Nando, aqinisekise ukuthi i-ejensi eqinisekisayo iphakathi kwezinhlaka ezaziswayo ezisohlwini.
E-Marku
I-E-Mark ingesinye isitifiketi sokuvumelana se-EU esisebenza ezingxenyeni zezimoto noma ezimotweni eziphelele, okuhlanganisa izimoto, izithuthuthu, nezinye izingxenye zezimoto. Uphawu luqukethe indilinga enohlamvu olukhulu 'E' kulandelwa inombolo. Ukuqokwa kwezinombolo kuhambisana nezwe elinesibopho sokukhipha isitifiketi, njengokuthi 'E1'eJalimane,'E2'yeFrance, noma'E4' eNetherlands.
Uma umkhiqizo une-E-Mark, lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile ezisungulwe yi-World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). Isibonelo, amasistimu wokukhipha umoya wezimoto ayadingeka ukuze kugcwaliseke imihlahlandlela ethile ephathelene namazinga okungcola (afana ne-CO ne-NOx), ukukhishwa kwezinhlayiyana, kanye namazinga omsindo awonke akalwa ngama-decibel.
ECOCERT
I-ECOCERT iyisitifiketi saseYurophu sokuzithandela esisebenza ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zezolimo, imikhiqizo yokudla, ngisho nezimonyo. Lolu phawu olukhethekile (iqabunga eliluhlaza elisendingilizini) linikezwa imikhiqizo ehlonipha imikhuba ehambisana nemvelo nenakekela umphakathi.
Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinqubo zezithelo nemifino kufanele kuhloniphe ukuvunda komhlabathi, kugcine i-ecosystem elinganiselayo, futhi kuvalwe amakhemikhali okwenziwa (izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-khula) kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziphilayo (GMOs).
Endabeni yezimonyo ezinjengezinsipho, ama-shampoos, nezinto zokunakekela isikhumba, imikhiqizo kumele okungenani ibe nezithako eziyimsuka yemvelo okungenani ezingama-95%, okungenani zibe no-10% (20% wemikhiqizo ehlanjululwe) ezithako ezitholakala ekulimeni kwemvelo.
Inhlangano ezimele iphethe inqubo yokuqinisekisa, futhi ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele, umkhiqizo, uma uhambisana nezidingo zemvelo nezenhlalo, uthola isitifiketi. Okungenani ukuhlolwa kwendawo okukodwa kwaminyaka yonke kwenziwa, futhi ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okungamenyezelwa kungenzeka unyaka wonke.
RoHS
Yethulwe yi-European Union, i-RoHS imele i-Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zikagesi ezifana nezinto zasendlini namathoyizi e-elekthronikhi ziyakhiqizwa, zingeniswa emazweni angaphandle, futhi zisatshalaliswa ngezakhi ezimbalwa ezinobuthi. Ngokuqondile, isiyalo se-RoHS sikhawulela izinto eziyingozi eziyi-10:
- Ukuhola (Pb)
- I-Mercury (Hg)
- I-Cadmium (Cd)
- I-hexavalent chromium (Cr6+)
- I-Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)
- I-polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE)
- I-Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
- I-Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP)
- I-Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
- IDiisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)
REACH
I-REACH (Ukubhaliswa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa, Nokukhawulwa Kwamakhemikhali) ibhekisela kumthethonqubo ophelele osungulwe yi-European Union ukuze ulawule amakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo ngokuphephile. Lesi sitifiketi esiyisibopho se-EU sisebenza kuzo zonke izinto zamakhemikhali ezikhiqizwe noma ezingeniswe e-European Economic Area (EEA).
Lezi zinto zingase zibe khona ngokuzimela noma zihlanganiswe ezixubeni, njengoba zitholakala emikhiqizweni efana nezihlanzi nopende noma ngaphakathi kwempahla efana nempahla nefenisha. Izidingo ezibalulekile ze-REACH zingahlelwa kabanzi ngaphansi kwezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:
- Ukubhalisa: Uma inkampani ifuna ukwenza noma ukungenisa ikhemikhali e-EU (ngenani lethani elingu-1 noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka), kufanele ibhalise leyo nto ne-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
- Ukuhlola: Ngemva kokubhaliswa kwento yamakhemikhali, i-ECHA noma amazwe angamalungu angase akhethe ukuyihlola. Le nqubo ihlola ikhwalithi yefayela lokubhalisa kanye nokuphepha kokusetshenziswa okuhlongozwayo.
- Ukugunyazwa: Izinto ezithile eziyingozi ngeke zisetshenziswe ngaphandle uma kunikezwe imvume ethile noma ukugunyazwa.
- Umkhawulo: Ezinye izinto ziyingozi kakhulu endaweni ezungezile noma empilweni yomuntu kangangokuthi zikhawulelwe noma zivinjelwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikwazi ukwenziwa, ukusetshenziswa, noma ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Thola imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU ku-Cooig.com's European Pavilion
Manje njengoba sesazi kahle ukuthi uyini umkhiqizo ogunyazwe yi-EU nokuthi yiziphi izitifiketi ezidingekayo ukuze umkhiqizo udayiswe ngokusemthethweni emakethe yase-Europe, ake sihlole ukuthi singayithola kanjani imikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU ku-Cooig.com phakathi kwezigidi zemikhiqizo etholakalayo.
I-Cooig.com inwebise imakethe yayo nge-European Pavilion ezinikele, ehlanganisa ngokukhethekile izinto eziqinisekiswe yi-EU/UK. Abathengi bangafinyelela kalula lesi sisetshenziswa ngokungena ngemvume I-Cooig.com App bese ukhetha "Ukukhetha okuqinisekisiwe kwaseYurophu” isixhumanisi ekhasini eliyisiqalo.
Lokhu kuzoholela abathengi ekhasini lokufika le-European Pavilion. Lapha, abathengi bangaphequlula emikhiqizweni eqinisekisiwe ye-EU eyizigidi ezingu-8 enikezwa abangaphezu kuka-28,000. abahlinzeki abaqinisekisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi bangasebenzisa ibha yesitifiketi ukuze banciphise imiphumela yabo yosesho ngokusekelwe kuzitifiketi ezithile ze-EU ezifana ne-RoHS, REACH, ne-EMC.
Ngena emakethe yaseYurophu ngemikhiqizo eqinisekiswe yi-EU
Ngokuqonda okuphelele kwemikhiqizo egunyazwe yi-EU nokuthi ingatholakala kanjani ngedijithali, amabhizinisi, noma ngabe abanikazi bezitolo abancane be-inthanethi noma amabhrendi aphambili, manje angakwazi ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nabathengi baseYurophu.
Ngakho usalindeni? Iqonde ku Cooig.com, cinga imikhiqizo ezihamba phambili, baqinisekise ukuthi bathobela izitifiketi ezidingekayo ze-EU, futhi baqale ukuzithengisa ku-inthanethi. Futhi, khumbula ukuvakashela lokhu futhi isiqondiso esiwusizo ukuthola izeluleko ezibalulekile zangaphakathi zokuthi ungangena kanjani ku-Cooig.com ngempumelelo.
