Njengoba izinkampani zibheke engxenyeni yesibili ka-2023, zibhekene nokungaqiniseki okuqhubekayo kwezomnotho omkhulu. Into eyodwa abayazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinga lenzalo ephakeme kunanoma isiphi isikhathi eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga okungu-11 yi-US Federal Reserve kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022. Izilinganiso zenzalo ephakeme zisho ukunakwa okwengeziwe ekuphathweni kokugeleza kwemali.
Abathengisi emikhakheni eminingi sebevele bahlupheka ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwezindleko zabathengi kusukela amanani enzalo aqala ukwenyuka. Lo mkhuba ungase ubhebhetheke njengoba i-Fed icabanga ukukhulisa inzalo okungenani kanye ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka. Kubathengisi abanezikweletu eziphezulu, isikhundla esithuthukisiwe semali yokusebenza siyindlela ebalulekile yokuphila. Ngisho nakulabo abanamaphepha ebhalansi aqinile, izindleko zokuphatha ezikhuphukile kusukela kuzilinganiso zenzalo zamanje zingabiza u-$544 million kubo bonke abathengisi ku-S&P 1500 Composite.
Okuqukethwe
Isilinganiso esibalulekile sokusebenza kahle kwezimali zokusebenza
Izixazululo zokudonsa kanzima kwe-inventory
Izibonelo zezifundo - Lokho okungase kuwufanele
Isilinganiso esibalulekile sokusebenza kahle kwezimali zokusebenza
Kunoma iyiphi inkampani, kunezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokubhekana nokusebenza kahle kwemali yokusebenza: Izinsuku Zokuthengisa Ezisele Kakhulu (Ama-akhawunti Atholwayo), Izinkokhelo Zezinsuku Ezisele (Ama-Akhawunti Akhokhwayo), kanye Nempahla Yezinsuku Ezisele. Okutholwayo okusele akuvamile ukuba kube yinkinga kubathengisi, njengoba amakhasimende ngokuvamile akhokha ngokheshi noma ngamakhadi esikweletu (anamaqoqo avamile, afika ngesikhathi). Abathengisi bangakwazi ukubhekana ne-Days Payments Outstanding (DPO) ngendlela efanele yokusebenzelana nomthengisi, kodwa le mvume ivamise ukudala isiphakamiso semali enguziro lapho bexoxisana nabathengisi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kubonise ukuthi ithuba lokonga nge-Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO) lingadala inani elizinzile.
Eminye imikhakha yokudayisa idinga i-inventory eyengeziwe kunezinye. Amazinga we-Inventory ezitolo ngokuvamile ehle kusukela ngo-2018 kodwa akhuphuke kusukela ngonyaka odlule njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi. Ukuthengisa okuthuthukisiwe kwekhaya kubone ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi (cishe u-16% unyaka nonyaka kanye no-2% ngonyaka kusukela ngo-Q1 2018). Laba bathengisi balindele ukwehla kokuthengiswa ngo-2023, okuzobhebhethekisa lolu daba.
Izixazululo zokudonsa kanzima kwe-inventory
Ngezansi kukhona ezinye izixazululo esiziphakamisela izinkampani ezidonsa kanzima ngokushintsha kwezinto. Lezi zixazululo zenziwe amakhasimende ka-Oliver Wyman esikhathini esidlule futhi zisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kochwepheshe bethu bangaphakathi bokuthengisa.
Engeza Izindleko Zokusungula Embikweni Wokuthengisa futhi Uhlanganise Ekubuseni
Okukalwayo kuyaphathwa; ngakho-ke, ukufaka i-Net Working Capital (NWC) kanye nabashayeli bayo emibikweni yokuthengisa kuzoletha ukunaka okwengeziwe kulawo mamethrikhi avela ebhizinisini. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokungeza lawa mamethrikhi e-NWC emibikweni ekhona noma emibikweni ezimele egxile kakhulu “esikweni lemali”. Amamethrikhi angukhiye okufanele ahlanganiswe ahlanganisa izinsuku ze-inventory esele, ukuthwala izindleko ze-inventory, i-inventory ekhona, nezinsuku zengqikithi yemali yokusebenza. Abaphathi bayobe sebekwaziswa kangcono ukuze bathathe izinyathelo.
Khomba Amayunithi Okugcina Isitokwe ane-Inventory (ama-SKU) Okulungiswa Kwezinga Lesaphulelo Nokulungiswa Kwesevisi
Cishe kubo bonke abathengisi, sibona ama-SKU athile eqongelela inani eliphelele lempahla. Ngokuqala ngalezo, asikwazi nje kuphela ukuvula ukuwina okusheshayo kodwa futhi sithole izizathu zesakhiwo ezenza lolu hlu lwakhiwe. Kuleli qophelo, abaphathi bazosebenza ukunciphisa ukwakheka kusuka kuma-engeli amabili:
- Khipha isitoko: Abaphathi bangasheshisa ukuthengiswa kwesitoko esakhelwe ngenhlanganisela yezindlela zokuphromotha (iminikelo eqondiwe) kanye nezinguquko kuma-planogram facings (ukuhanjiswa kwama-SKU ahamba kancane aye ezindaweni ezingcono kakhulu zesitolo).
- Lungisa ukugcwaliswa kabusha: Noma yimaphi ama-oda avelayo ama-SKU ane-inventory ephezulu kufanele ahlolwe kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe inani noma imvamisa yama-oda.
I-assortment Yezinga Lesitolo Eyehlisiwe Ngokuhlanganisa
Lapho wehlisa i-assortment yeleveli yesitolo, kubalulekile ukukhomba amakhandidethi “aphephile” ukuze asuswe ohlwini — lawo lapho amaphesenti aphezulu okuthengiswayo okulahlekile komkhiqizo othile azosatshalaliswa kabusha phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo “ekuhlanganiseni” okufanayo. Esibonelweni sokuhlaziywa kokushintsha ngezansi, umkhiqizo ongakwesokunxele unezindawo eziseduze ezingabamba amaphesenti amakhulu okuthengisa uma umkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo ususwa ohlwini. Okufanayo akunakushiwo ngomkhiqizo ongakwesokudla, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni okucishe kuphelele ekuthengisweni uma umkhiqizo ususiwe ekuhlanganiseni kokusungula.
Izinto Ezishintshayo Zephuli Zamazinga Esevisi Ahlanganisiwe
Ukushintsha ukuhlaziywa kungase futhi kwazise lapho imikhiqizo kufanele iqoqwe ukuze ihlanganise uhlu ekusetheni amaleveli esevisi. Emikhiqizweni eshintsheka kakhulu (njengesikrini selanga kwesokunxele ngenhla), isitokwe sokuphepha esabiwe singasevisa yonke imikhiqizo ekulelo qoqo, ukuze umkhiqizo ngamunye ungasidingi isitoko sawo sokuphepha. Ngokushintsha ekuhlinzekeni isitoko sokuphepha sisuka ezingeni lomkhiqizo ngamunye siye ezingeni leqoqo, inani eliphelele lesitokwe sokuphepha esisesandleni lehla kakhulu. Isihlahla sesinqumo sekhasimende singasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ekuqoqo ishintsheka kakhulu.
Izibonelo zezifundo - Lokho okungase kuwufanele
Indaba eyisibonelo: Umthengisi Othengisa Ngaphezu Kwezigidigidi ezingama-$25 (Okubolayo okungu-50%)
Icala elilandelayo libonisa ukuthi umthengisi omkhulu onokubola wakwazi kanjani ukunciphisa i-inventory futhi ngasikhathi sinye wathuthukisa ukusebenza komnikezeli.
U-Oliver Wyman wayezibophezele ekuhleleni izinqubo zokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla kanye nokubusa. Indlela nezinyathelo ezithathiwe zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlelwa okusekelwe ezidingweni kohlu lwezimpahla, okuvumele iklayenti ukuthi lifinyelele amazinga aphezulu esevisi
- Ukunikezwa okukhethekile kwama-SKU ezindaweni zokulondoloza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwempahla - lokhu kuthuthukise ukulungela kwe-inventory ukuze kuthunyelwe ngamaphesenti angu-1.4 amaphuzu okubolayo kanye namaphesenti angu-1.3 amaphuzu kokungaboli
- Ukubuyekezwa kwe-assortment kanye nokulinganisa kwe-SKU
Lezi zenzo zivumele iklayenti ukuthi lizuze ukwehliswa okuphelele kwe-inventory ngo-15% (ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko sekukonke kwezigidi ezingama- $25.2), kanye nokwehliswa okungama-80% kokuphazamiseka kwenqubo wezimpahla ezingenayo. Iklayenti libe selisebenzisa lokhu kuwina ukuxoxisana ngemibandela yokukhokha eguquguqukayo eyengeziwe nabahlinzeki bayo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa imali yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa enye indlela (ekhokhelwayo).
Indaba eyisibonelo: Umthengisi Othengisa Ngaphezu Kwezigidigidi Ezingu-$10
Icala elilandelayo libonisa indlela iklayenti elidayisayo (okungaboli) elisebenzise ngayo izixazululo zokuphathwa kwempahla ngezinga elikhulu. Le nkampani inengxube ebanzi yomkhiqizo (yokubili ehamba kancane futhi esheshayo) ehlanganisa kokubili amabhrendi kazwelonke namalebula ayimfihlo kanye nangaphezulu kuka-$10 wezigidigidi ekuthengisweni konyaka. Njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi lokuthuthukisa amakhono angaphakathi, u-Oliver Wyman wanikezwa umsebenzi wokunciphisa imali yokusebenza ebhizinisini.
Izixazululo iklayenti elizisebenzise ukuphatha kangcono i-inventory zihlanganisa:
- Ukuphatha: Inkampani isebenzise isethi efanayo yezinkomba ze-managerial key performance indicators (KPIs), enikeze abaphathi umbono ogxiliswe kakhudlwana wokuthi yiziphi izinto zokusungula ezibambekile futhi okufanele zihanjiswe ngokwenyuswa kokukhushulwa kanye nezaphulelo.
- I-assortment Ehlanganisiwe: Njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini, u-Oliver Wyman uqoqe imikhiqizo yeklayenti yaba amaqoqo ashintshekayo, asize ngokulinganisela kwe-SKU (kanye nokuqeda) futhi kwadala amazinga esevisi alawuleka kakhudlwana ohlu lokuphepha.
- Ukubonakala kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla: Umthengisi usebenzise izibikezelo ezintsha kanye nezinhlelo Zokuhlela Okudingekayo (MRP) ukuze alawule kangcono ukungena kwempahla.
Iklayenti likwazile yehlise i-inventory yayo ngama-25% ekupheleni kwephrojekthi ngenkathi sithuthuka ukutholakala kwempahla ngamaphesenti angu-1.2 futhi kunciphisa ukwehla kwempahla ngamaphesenti ama-2. Izilawuli zokuhlinzeka ezisanda kuqaliswa kanye namadeshibhodi e-KPI asize iklayenti ukuthi liqinisekise ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okwenziwe kuyasimama.
Isiphetho: Abathengisi Banezinketho Eziningi Uma Kukhulunywa Ngemali Esebenzayo
Lapho sibhekene nokungaqiniseki okukhulayo kanye namazinga enzalo aphezulu, ukuba nemali eningi esandleni noma ukudweba okuncane ngevolovolo akukaze kube yinto embi. Ukuze abathengisi babhekane nalezi zimo, kufanele bahlonyiswe ngemali eyanele nezinqubo ezishintsha izimpahla zamanje zibe ukheshi ngokushesha. Ukuncishiswa kwempahla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenzuzo yindlela engaba nomthelela omkhulu kule ndawo, futhi kunemigudu eminingi yokukufeza lokho.
Umthombo ovela Oliver Wyman
Ukuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwe ngu-Oliver Wyman ngaphandle kwe-Cooig.com. I-Cooig.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
