I-China ibibusa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamamojula elanga eminyakeni engu-15 edlule kodwa isimo siyashintsha njengoba izici eziningi ezivelayo zibeka engcupheni isikhundla esiphezulu sezwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucutshungulwa okukhulayo kokusimama nokulandeleka kochungechunge lokunikezwa kwamandla elanga kanye nomjaho woxhaso okhulayo womhlaba wonke, lapho i-United States, i-India, ne-European Union imemezela izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngoxhaso lwezimali kubakhiqizi babo.
Uchungechunge lweziqondiso zenqubomgomo lusanda kusetshenziswa izimakethe zomhlaba wonke ukweseka ukukhula kokukhiqizwa kwe-PV yasekhaya ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile, okuhlanganisa noMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla Nokwehla kwamandla emali e-US kanye Nohlelo Oluyisisekelo Lwentela Yentela Nokukhiqiza E-India.
Ezingeni lenqubomgomo, iYurophu iyasilela. Uhlelo lwe-REpowerEU lubeka okuhlosiwe okulindelwe kuka-2030 kokuvuselelekayo kodwa alusho okuningi mayelana nokweseka ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Isiphakamiso sakamuva seNet Zero Industry Act (NZIA) sihlose ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwakuleli. Nakuba lokho kuyisinyathelo esingaphambili, kungase kuthathe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuba i-European Commission iphasise le nqubomgomo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-European Union izibekele imigomo ebaluleke kakhulu yokufakwa okuvuselelekayo e-Europe kuze kube ngu-2030 kodwa lokho okuhlosiwe ngeke kwandise ngokuzenzakalelayo isidingo semikhiqizo ekhiqizwa endaweni.
Ukuqhathanisa kwe-US
I-United States ihamba phambili ekuhleleni isikhathi nasekusekelweni kwezezimali ngakho izikhuthazo zase-US zinamandla okuba yingozi ekukhiqizeni kwe-Europe ukuze kukhule njengoba izwe selivele lidonsa izinsiza zokutshala izimali kubadlali abakhulu. Leyo ngcuphe inyusa isikhathi esithathayo ukuze kuqiniswe inqubomgomo ye-EU kanye nezinzuzo.
Ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngomongo othile, i-EU iqondise ubuncane bokuzanelisa okungu-45% kuwo wonke ama-node okukhiqiza naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi okwamanje cishe awekho amandla engot noma ama-wafer okucubungula i-polysilicon eYurophu. Kuzodinga ukwakhiwa okungaphezu kuka-40 GW we-ingot yonyaka, i-wafer, kanye nomthamo weseli - kanye nomunye u-30 GW womthamo wamamojula - ukuze kufinyelelwe lezi zinhloso. Ukuze ube nanoma yiliphi ithuba lokufika noma yikuphi eduze kwalokhu okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe, i-European Union izodinga ukwethula inhlanganisela yezikhuthazi zokukhiqiza eziphezulu kanye nemingcele yokungena ekuthengisweni okungabizi kakhulu (okufana nendlela ehlongozwayo yokulungisa umngcele wekhabhoni ukuze kujeziswe imikhiqizo enezinyathelo zekhabhoni ephezulu) kanye nokubeka izilinganiso zokuqukethwe kwendawo kumathenda omphakathi.
Igebe lezindleko
Igebe elikhulu lezindleko zokukhiqiza phakathi kwezifunda yinselelo enkulu okufanele uyinqobe ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamamojula wendawo. Umbiko wakamuva we-S&P Global Commodity Insights uveze ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza e-Europe zingaba phezulu ngo-50% kunase-Mainland China - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kagesi we-EU nezindleko zabasebenzi.
Isimo semojuli yakamuva yamanani aphansi singaba esinye isithiyo esingalindelekile ekuqashweni kabusha kwamaketanga okunikezela ngamamojula aseYurophu. Izintengo eziphezulu ze-polysilicon zigcine izindleko zemojula ziphakeme eminyakeni emibili edlule, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwezindawo zokukhiqiza ezibiza kakhulu ezweni laseChina, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, nakwezinye izifunda (okuhlanganisa i-Europe ne-US). Uma amanani emojula ephansi elindelwe ebuya, kuzokwenza ukukhiqizwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngamamojula olwandle kube inselele.
Abakhiqizi bendawo bangaba nokuncintisana kwezinye izilinganiso, nokho. Izindleko zokukhiqiza amamojula aseYurophu ziphezulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda kodwa zingabamba izinzuzo ngenxa yokuncipha kwekhabhoni yemikhiqizo yokugcina. Lobu bukhulu bokusimama buzofaneleka ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa inkambiso yamanje yentela yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nezingxenye ezinemithamo ephezulu yekhabhoni. Ohulumeni base-Europe bangase futhi babeke izilinganiso zokuqukethwe okwenziwe endaweni, okunekhabhoni ephansi kumathenda omphakathi - isiphakamiso samanje se-NZIA sihlanganisa isigatshana esihlobene ne-carbon footprint kanye nemvelaphi yemishini yamathenda omphakathi kanye nohlelo lokusimama nokuqina olusukela ku-15% kuya ku-20%.
Esinye isici lapho abakhiqizi be-EU bengaba ubuchwepheshe obuphathelene nokuncintisana. Kunamathuba okuba abakhiqizi be-EU bahole ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nama-perovskites noma ubuchwepheshe obusha be-wafer obunezindlela eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ubambiswano luye lwavela ezimakethe eziningana zaseYurophu okuhloswe ngaso ukuthengisa amaseli esizukulwane esilandelayo namamojula asekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-silicon-perovskite tandem. Lobu budlelwano bocwaningo obuqhubekayo bungase bukhuthaze ubuholi bezobuchwepheshe base-Europe kuwo wonke amaseli asafufusa nobuchwepheshe be-wafer, okuvumela izindleko ezisezingeni eliphansi zamandla kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuthengwa kwempahla.
Naphezu kwakho konke ukungaqiniseki kwenqubomgomo, bekukhona cishe ama-GW angama-20 wezimemezelo zamandla okukhiqiza amamojula eYurophu kuya kuMeyi kanye nokwanda kwezimemezelo ezintsha emasontweni ambalwa edlule. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ubufakazi bomsebenzi omusha wokukhiqiza ezimakethe ezihlanganisa iRomania, iJalimane, iFrance, ne-Italy. Noma ngabe zonke lezi zimemezelo ziza ku-inthanethi, nokho, i-Europe isazoncika kakhulu kumaseli angenisiwe asuka ezweni laseChina noma emazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izingxoxo zakamuva embukisweni we-Intersolar Europe ziqinisekisile lo mbono. Bambalwa phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abakhulu embonini (abathuthukisi, izinsiza, abatshalizimali, izinkampani ze-supply chain) balindele noma yikuphi ukuvuselelwa okukhulu komthamo we-module supply chain eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Umbono ojwayelekile wemboni ukuthi i-European Union izobeka eqhulwini ukufezwa kwezinjongo zokusatshalaliswa okuvuselelekayo kuze kufike ku-2030, ngaphambi kwezifiso zokukhiqiza kabusha ezizokwenza ukushintshwa kwamandla kubize kakhulu.
Umthombo ovela pv umagazini
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