abakhasi amakhreyithi zivamile kumaphrojekthi wokwakha amakhulu. Bahambahamba, ngokungafani nama-cranes ombhoshongo, futhi osayizi abakhulu banokuningi ukuphakama kanye nesisindo umthamo kunama-cranes amaloli. Uma ufuna i-crawler crane, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene nosayizi abatholakalayo, ngakho-ke uzofuna ukukhetha eyodwa elungele izidingo zakho. Lesi sihloko sibuyekeza ububanzi bemishini etholakalayo, futhi sibheka izici ezibalulekile ezisebenzayo ekukhetheni imodeli efanele yezidingo zakho.
Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula okucatshangwayo kwemakethe ye-crawler crane
Yini i-crane crane?
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-crane crane?
Iluphi uhla lwama-crawler cranes olutholakalayo?
Ukubaluleka kwezinzwa zokulayisha
Imicabango yokugcina
Ukukhula okucatshangwayo kwemakethe ye-crawler crane
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-crawler crane kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngendlela enempilo 6.1% isilinganiso sokukhula konyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) sisuka enanini layo lemakethe lika-2023 lika- US$2,257.8m ukuya enani lika-2028 lama-US$ 2173.1m. Lokhu kukhula kugqugquzelwa ukukhula kwemboni yezokwakha ngemuva kobhubhane, njengoba amaphrojekthi amakhulu ezakhiweni eziphakeme kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuqhubeka kahle. Kanye nokukhula kwamaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa ipulazi lomoya emhlabeni wonke, isidingo somhlaba wonke sama-crawler cranes sikhula kahle.
Yini i-crane crane?
Ama-crawler cranes ama-cranes asindayo abekwe ku-chassis wethrekhi yesibungu. Lezi zingaba zinkulu kakhulu kunama-cranes agibele amaloli futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokwakha amakhulu kakhulu nengqalasizinda ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kanye namandla okuphakamisa aphezulu. Zingatholakala kumaphrojekthi amaningi wokwakha aphakeme, njengokwakhiwa kwe-skyscraper, ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho, kanye umhlangano we-wind turbine.
Ama-crawler crane ane-crane boom ne-cab enqoleni ephezulu, egibele inqola engaphansi elandelwayo. I-crane boom ingaba yi-a i-telescopic box boom noma i-lattice, ngesandiso se-jib esingakhethwa. Iningi lama-crawler cranes amakhulu asebenzisa i-lattice boom ukuhlanganisa amandla nokukhanya, futhi anikeze ukuzinza okungcono kakhulu kokuphakamisa okuphezulu nokusindayo.
I-crane yenqola ephezulu kanye nekhebhu ingakwazi ukuzungezisa amadigri angu-360 futhi inama-mounting ukuze ibambe ama-counterweights, abalulekile ekuzinzeni. Intambo yensimbi yokuphakamisa intambo idlula ku-boom, ngokusebenzisa ama-pulley (izithungu) iye ehhukuni le-crane elinamathiselwe, futhi ihuku ingashintshwa nezinye izinto ezifakwayo njenge electromagnet, ukubambana noma i-clamshell.
Ama-crawler cranes adizayinelwe ukuphakamisa nokuhambisa izisindo ezisindayo ziye ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuzinza kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhamba kwazo njengoba ubukhulu nobude bazo (ikakhulukazi nge-boom ende) kwenza ukuhamba kwabo kube nzima. Ama-crawler cranes azohamba kancane kuphela emizileni yawo futhi awavamile ukuba semgwaqweni, ngakho-ke kufanele ahanjiswe kubathuthi bamaloli amakhulu ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye. Ama-cranes amakhulu azodinga ukuhlakazwa ukuze ahanjiswe, bese ehlanganiswa kabusha endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu, ukusebenza ngemithwalo emincane nokuphakama okuphansi, i-crane yeloli ingase ifaneleke kakhulu kunomshini omncane wokukhasa.
Okhrayini abancane bangaphakamisa amathani angaphansi kuka-30, ngokuphakama okulinganiselwe okungamafidi angu-160 (50m), kodwa izinguqulo ezinkudlwana zingaphakamisa phezulu kwamathani angu-3000 zifike phezulu cishe ngamafidi angu-650 (200m). Uma u-crane omkhulu usuhanjiswe endaweni, uzohlanganiswa ngokugcwele futhi ulayishwe ama-counterweights. Ama-crawler cranes adizayinelwe ukuthi abe nendawo ephansi noma amandla adonsela phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza, nenqola yangaphansi elandelwayo esindayo, kanye nezisindo ezengeziwe zokuhlinzeka ngesisindo sokusabalalisa okuphelele. Ngokuvamile awadingi ama-outriggers ngendlela efanayo nama-cranes wamaloli, kodwa amamodeli amaningi ayawafaka.
Ekukhetheni i-crawler crane engcono kakhulu, umthengi uzofuna ukucabangela ubude nezidingo zokuphakamisa isisindo zephrojekthi, kanye nokuhamba nokuvumelana nezimo okudingekayo.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-crane crane?
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezenza i-crane crawler ihluke kumbhoshongo noma ama-cranes wamaloli:
Ilandelelwe inqola yangaphansi: Ama-crawler crane anenqola yangaphansi 'yecimbi' elandelwayo ehlinzeka ukuhamba kanye nokuzinza. Amathrekhi avumela ukunyakaza okunganensa kodwa okuzinzile endaweni engalingani evamile ezindaweni zokwakha. Isisekelo esibanzi, esihlanganiswe nesisindo esisindayo sokuhlanganiswa kwethrekhi, kunikeza isiseshi isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuzinza kwe-crane, ikakhulukazi uma isendaweni esezingeni. Uma ama-outrigger angeziwe afakiwe, lawo anganwetshwa ukuze anikeze umkhondo obanzi futhi ovikeleke kakhulu. Ngokuqhathanisa, ama-cranes ombhoshongo agxilwe endaweni yesikhulumi sekhonkrithi, futhi ama-cranes wamaloli agibele isisekelo samaloli amaningi.
Iplathifomu yokugezela: Inqola engaphezulu ye-crane ibizwa ngokuthi i-slewing platform futhi ibamba ikhebhu yomsebenzisi, injini, ama-counterweights, isigubhu esimazombezombe kanye nesisekelo sonyawo lwe-boom. Ingakwazi ukuzungezisa i-crane ngokuvundlile (ibulale) amadigri angu-360 agcwele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi opharetha uhlala enombono ogcwele wokuphakanyiswa. Injini ihlala ngemuva kwekhebhu, futhi ngemuva kwalokho kukhona izinsimbi ezinikeza i-crane ikhono layo lokuphakamisa, ukujika nokuhambisa izinto ezisindayo ziye emazingeni aphezulu. Isigubhu esimazombezombe sibamba intambo yokuphakamisa futhi silawula ukujikajika noma ukuphuma kwehuku (noma okunye ukufakwa).
I-Telescopic box boom: Ama-boom we-telescopic aklanyelwe ukunweba futhi ahlehlise ngokusebenza kwamanzi, okwenza i-crane ibe lula ukuhambahamba. Lawa ma-cranes ahlukahlukene kakhulu endaweni yokwakha, ayakwazi ukulungisa ubude ezindaweni eziqinile, futhi azinze kakhulu ezisindweni eziphansi kanye nobude obuphansi. Ngokuvamile ayatholakala kuze kufike kumthamo wokuphakamisa amathani angama-50-60, nokuphakama okuphezulu okungamamitha angama-200 (60m).
I-Lattice boom: Kuma-cranes amakhudlwana, i-lattice boom ifakwa. Ama-lattice boom anohlaka lwama-spars ensimbi engasindi, edizayini ye-lattice esabalalisa isisindo somthwalo kulo lonke uhlaka. Ama-lattice boom anobude obumisiwe obudinga ukuqoqwa ukuze busetshenziswe, futhi ahlakazwe ukuze ahanjiswe. Lokhu kuwenza angaguquguquki kakhulu kunama-telescopic boom, kodwa abe nesisindo esikhulu kakhulu esingadlula amathani angu-3,000 futhi afinyelele ubude obungamafithi angu-650 (200m).
Yiluphi uhla lwama-crawler cranes atholakala ku-inthanethi?
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamandla okuphakamisa atholakala ku-inthanethi, kusukela kosayizi abancane kuya kuma-cranes 'we-super lift' angaphezu kwamathani angama-300. Lesi sigaba sizobheka amamodeli asezingeni eliphansi lamathani angu-20-150 angase aqhudelane no-cranes bamaloli, amathani angu-150-300 anokukhethwa okubanzi okutholakalayo, nangaphezulu kwamathani angu-300 asesigabeni se-super lift.
Ububanzi bentengo balawa ma-cranes bungahluka kakhulu, futhi umthamo wokuphakamisa awuyona inkomba ecacile. Abathengisi abaningi bazohlinzeka ngebanga lezintengo ezingahluka ngokuphindwe kashumi, ngentengo ephansi kakhulu yamayunithi amaningi a-odiwe, ukuya enanini eliphezulu leyunithi eyodwa.
20-150 ton ububanzi
Ocranes abakhasa abanesisindo esiphansi banikeza ukukhetha phakathi kwe-telescopic box boom noma i-lattice boom. Ngaphansi kwamathani angama-50, ama-crawler cranes kungenzeka ukuthi afakwe i-telescopic box boom, efika cishe kumathani angama-50-60 ubukhulu. Ama-Cranes afakwe ama-lattice boom aqala cishe umthamo wamathani angama-50.
The I-SANY SCC260TB ingukhrane wamathani angama-26 ofakwe i-boom yebhokisi le-telescopic, unokuphakama okuphezulu okungamamitha angu-160 (50m), futhi uthengiswa phakathi kuka-US$ 176,000 kanye no-US$ 180,000.
The Zoomlion ZTM500 i-crane ye-crawler umthamo wamathani angama-50 ene-lattice boom engakhuphuka ifike kumamitha angu-200 (60m). Ithengiswa phakathi kuka-US$ 10,000 kanye ne-US$ 100,000, kuye ngenani lamayunithi athengiwe.
The I-XCMG XGC100 i-crawler crane iyisibonelo se-lattice crane enamandla amakhulu kunamamodeli we-telescopic boom. Lesi sikhase singaphakamisa amathani ayi-100 ukuya kubude obungamamitha angama-230 (70 m). Itholakala phakathi kwe-US$ 100,000 kanye ne-US$ 1,000,000, kuye ngenani lamayunithi a-odiwe.
150-300 ton ububanzi
Ngaphezu kwamathani angu-150, ama-crawler crawler angena endaweni yawo siqu, nama-telescopic cranes angakwazi ukuphatha ukuphakama nezisindo lezi zikhase ezingalawuleka.
Ngomthamo wamathani angu-150, i- I-SANY SCC1500 I-lattice crane ingaphakama ifike ku-312 feet (95m), futhi inenani eliphakathi kuka-US$270,000 kanye ne-US$310,000.
The I-XLC180 I-crawler crane ine-lattice boom engaphakamisa amathani angu-180 ifike kubude obungamafithi angu-160 (50m). Ithengiswa phakathi kwe-US$ 200,000 kanye ne-US $ 350,000.
The I-XCMG XGC260 ingaphakamisa amathani angama-260 ifinyelele ku-322 feet (98m), futhi idayise phakathi kuka-US$470,000 kanye no-US$ 500,000.
Ngaphezu kwamathani angama-300 ama-super lift cranes
Ama-crawler craw angaphezu kwamathani angama-300 ama-super lift cranes asetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu. Kulezi zindawo eziphakeme nezisindo zidinga ukuzinza kakhulu futhi mancane amathuba okuthi zinyakaziswe njalo.
The Quy450 i-super lift crawler crane enamandla okuphakamisa amathani angu-450 ifike kubude obungamafidi angu-262 (80m) enenani eliphakathi kuka-US$ 340,000 no-US$360,000.
The Zoomlion ZC5000 I-crawler crane inokuphakama okungamathani angama-500, kuze kufike kubude obungafinyelela kumamitha angama-295 (90m). Lo mshini utholakala nge-US$210,000.
The I-XGC12000 iwu-800 ton crawler crane enobude obungu-492 ft (150m). Le modeli idayisa phakathi kuka-US$300,000 kanye no-US$700,000, kuye ngenani lamayunithi a-odiwe.
The I-SANY SCC15000TM u-crane omkhulu onamandla amakhulu amathani angu-1500 ongakhuphuka afinyelele ubude obungamafithi angu-590 (180m), othengiswa phakathi kuka-US$2.8m no-US$ 3m.
Ngaphezu kwalaba osayizi, kukhona nama-crawler cranes atholakalayo anamandla okuphakamisa aphezulu angaphezu kwamathani angu-3,000. Esinye sezibonelo ezinjalo yisikhulu I-XCMG XGC88000 ene-3,600 ton lift, enkulu kangangokuthi isebenzisa ingxenye elandelwayo ehlukile ukuthwala izinsimbi. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo ingadayisa ngemali ephansi efika ku-$100,000 noma ifike ku-US$ 1,000,000 kuye ngenani lamayunithi athengiwe.
Ukubaluleka kwezinzwa zokulayisha
Ukuphepha nokuvimbela izingozi kubaluleke kakhulu ukucatshangelwa ku-crane crawler, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, lapho ukugcwala noma ukweqa imikhawulo kungaholela ekugingqikeni noma ekulahlekelweni kokulawula ukulayisha. Ama-cranes amaningi asebenzisa a Layisha Isikhathi Inkomba (LMI), ehlanganisa inani lezinzwa ezibekwe ezindaweni zamasu ku-crane, ukuqapha ukusebenza nokuxwayisa ngezingozi. Uhlelo lwe-LMI lusebenzisa izinzwa ezimbalwa eziphakelwa ikhompuyutha ezinedatha yesikhathi sangempela eboniswa kusiqapha. Uma lesi sici singafakiwe ku-crawler crane, singathengwa ngokuhlukana futhi sifakelwe i-lattice noma ama-telescopic boom cranes.
Imicabango yokugcina
Umuntu ongase abe umthengi uzoba nombono ocacile wezinhlelo zokusebenza namaphrojekthi esandleni futhi uzokwazi ukunquma kalula ngosayizi nomthamo odingekayo ku-crane crawler. Kunemikhiqizo eminingana emikhulu nengaziwa kancane etholakalayo enohlu olubanzi lwamanani, futhi isithunzi somkhiqizo sizoba yisici ekukhethweni.
abakhasi amakhreyithi ziyahlukahluka ngomthamo kusukela cishe amathani angama-20-30 ekugcineni okuphansi kuya phezulu kwamathani ayi-1,500. Amandla okuphakama asukela kunoma yini engaphansi kwamafidi angu-160 (50m) ukuya kufika ku-650 amafidi (200m). Imishini emincane yamandla ihlinzeka ngezinketho ze-telescopic boom box ukunikeza ukuguquguquka, amandla kanye nokuzinza ekubekezeleni okuphansi futhi ingase ifaneleke kakhulu kumasayithi amancane, amakheshi amancane kanye namakheshi adinga ukunyakaza okuthile komthwalo.
Iziseshi ezinkulu kakhulu 'ze-super lift' zizofaneleka kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwesilinganiso esikhulu, ibhuloho, kanye nezicelo zepulazi lomoya. Kula maphrojekthi, ukuzinza okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinzwa ezengeziwe ze-LMI zingase zibe izidingo ezibalulekile.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokukhethwa okubanzi kwama-crawler cranes atholakala emakethe, hlola umbukiso we-inthanethi ku Cooig.com.
