Ukukhetha i-CPU efanele kubalulekile noma ngabe umuntu wakha i-PC entsha noma ucabangela ukuthuthukisa imodeli yakhe endala. Abathengi abaningi bawela enkingeni lapho bekhetha iphrosesa efanele izidingo zabo kuyilapho becabangela ukuthi ukukhetha kwabo kuzonquma ulwazi lwabo lonke njengoba bexhumana nekhompyutha yabo.
Izinto ezifana nama-cores, uchungechunge, nesivinini sewashi ezinye izinto kushidi lokucaciswa lomthengi lapho uthenga i-CPU. Lesi sihloko sizongena sijule kulawa macebiso kanye nezinye izici umuntu okufanele azicabangele lapho uthenga amaphrosesa ekhompyutha. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi.
Okuqukethwe
Ingakanani imakethe ye-CPU yomhlaba wonke?
Izinhlobo zama-CPU
Iyini imigomo yakho yokucubungula ikhompuyutha?
Khetha iphrosesa yakho: AMD noma Intel
Izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ama-CPU
Isiphetho
Ingakanani imakethe ye-CPU yomhlaba wonke?
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokucubungula amakhompiyutha inkulu. Ocwaningweni lwemakethe olwenziwa yiMaxime Market Research, usayizi wemakethe ngo-2022 wawulinganiselwa ku-US $95.99 billion futhi kubikezelwa ukuthi uzofinyelela e-US $127.43 billion ngo-2029. Babikezela ukuthi izokhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela (CAGR) esingu-4.13% esikhathini sokubikezela sika-2023 kuya ku-2029.
Abadlali abamqoka emakethe ye-CPU bafaka izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Nvidia, Qualcomm, Apple, Alphabet Inc., Dell, Xilinx, njll. futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iNyakatho Melika izobusa imakethe.
Ngaphambilini, ukufaka isandla kusayizi wemakethe ye-CPU enkulu kwaba ukwanda kokutholakala kwedatha kanye nama-algorithms athuthukisiwe. Iningi lale datha lalidinga ukucutshungulwa ngempumelelo nangokunemba; yingakho abantu bathola ama-PC processors ngale njongo.
Namuhla, izimboni ezihlukahlukene zincike kuma-CPU ngemisebenzi efana nokumodela nokunikezela, izithombe zezokwelapha, i-CAD, nesakhiwo sezithombe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhuba isidingo.
I-IoT (i-inthanethi Yezinto) ingomunye onikelayo ozoholela esidingweni sama-CPU. Njengoba izigidi zemishini izoxhunywa, isivinini esikhulu sekhompyutha sizodingeka.
Futhi, I-Field Programmable Gate Array - I-Central Processing Units noma I-FPGA-CPUs, okucatshangwa ukuthi usayizi wayo wemakethe uzokhula ku-CAGR ka-14.6% usuka ku-US $9.7 billion ngo-2023 uya e-US $19.1 billion ngo-2028, uzoba nomthelela emakethe ye-CPU iyonke. Ama-FPGA-CPU asetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni namakhompyutha amakhulu asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ngale mininingwane, amabhizinisi athengisa ama-CPU anamandla okwenza inzuzo enkulu ngokuthola imikhiqizo efanele. Ake sihlole ukuthi yiziphi amabhizinisi okufanele azi uma ekhetha ama-CPU afanele abathengi bawo.
Izinhlobo zama-CPU
Amayunithi okucubungula amaphakathi ahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene abathengi okufanele bazi. Zimi kanje:
I-Single-core CPU
Lolu uhlobo oludala kakhulu lwe-CPU olutholakala emakethe futhi lutholakala kumakhompyutha amaningi asetshenziswa ezindlini nasemahhovisi. I-single-core CPU icubungula umsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inamandla alinganiselwe okwenza izinto eziningi, okuyinto ekugcineni ewububi bayo obukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa imiyalo eminingi ezinhlelweni ze-CPU eziwumgogodla owodwa kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwazo.
I-Dual-core CPU
A okubili-core I-CPU inama-cores amabili asebenza njengama-single-core processors afakwe ku-CPU eyodwa. Njengoba inomongo owengeziwe, isebenza ngokushesha kune-CPU ewumgogodla owodwa futhi ingasebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi. Nakuba i-CPU iqine kakhulu kunephrosesa yekhompiyutha eyodwa, ama-quad-core CPUs enza kangcono.
I-Quad-core CPU
Kusukela egameni layo, lolu hlobo lwe-CPU yakhelwe ngamacores amane. Iyashesha kunawo womabili ama-single-core kanye ne-dual-core CPUs. Uma uhlelo luqhutshwa kusistimu esebenzisa le-CPU enama-multi-core, lusabalalisa umsebenzi phakathi kwama-cores amane. Le CPU ifanele imisebenzi esindayo efana nokudlala.
I-CPU eyinhloko eyisithupha
Eyaziwa nangokuthi iprosesa ye-hexacore, lena i-multiple-core CPU ehlanganisa amakhora ayisithupha. Njengoba inama-cores amaningi, ingakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi ngokushesha nangempumelelo kunama-dual-core kanye nama-quad-core PC processors.
I-CPU eyisishiyagalombili
An isishiyagalombili-core I-CPU ihlanganisa ama-quad-core processors amabili akhelwe ku-CPU eyodwa. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zabiwa phakathi kwama-cores ayisishiyagalombili okwenza ukusebenza kwawo kusheshe kune-dual-core PC processor.
Iyini imigomo yakho yokucubungula ikhompuyutha?
Ngemva kokuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-CPU nokuthola elungile, isinyathelo esilandelayo sicabangela ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nge-CPU. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu njengoba amanye ama-CPU angase afanelekele imisebenzi yosuku futhi anganikezi ukusebenza kahle kwegeyimu. Ngezansi kuneminye imisebenzi edumile ongayenza nge-PC processor.
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo
Abathengi abafuna i-chip yokusingatha izinqubo ezilula njengamadokhumenti e-Word, ukuphequlula iwebhu, noma ukubuka amavidiyo bangakhetha eyodwa enama-cores amabili noma amane. Bangakhetha ama-chips afana ne I-AMD Ryzen 3 3200G or 4100G futhi I-Intel Pentium uma benza imisebenzi eminingi. Ngokwenza umsebenzi owodwa ngesikhathi, abathengi bangakhetha i-AMD Athlon 200GE noma i-Intel Celeron processors.
Gaming
Amakhasimende anentshisekelo kuphrosesa evumelana nezidingo zawo zokudlala angakhetha iphrosesa ye-multicore enamakhora amane, ayisithupha, nayisishiyagalombili. Amamodeli afana ne-Intel I-i5 enkulu futhi I-AMD Ryzen 5 Ama-CPU ayizibonelo zebanga eliphakathi abathengi abangazikhethela. Ukuze uthole imidlalo ephezulu, lapho i- ihluzo khadi kuyinto ehamba phambili, abathengi bangasebenzisa imali eningi ngokukhetha iphrosesa enamandla ye-Core i7 noma i-Ryzen 7.
Umsebenzi wemidiya yokudala
Abathengi ku-niche yokudala bangase bafune iphrosesa esheshayo enesikhala sokwenza eminye imisebenzi ngemuva. An AMD Ryzen i-chip, i-CPU eyinhloko eyisishiyagalombili, ingenza imisebenzi yokuklama izithombe kanye nokuhlela ividiyo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Khetha iphrosesa yakho: AMD noma Intel
I-AMD ne-Intel ngamagama adumile endaweni yonke ye-CPU. Ngenkathi i-Intel izakhele isithunzi sayo njengomunye wabakhiqizi be-CPU abahamba phambili isikhathi eside, i-AMD nayo iphakathi kwama-chips anekhono kakhulu namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, AMD I-Threadripper kanye nama-Ryzen processors asize inkampani ukuncintisana nama-Intel's top chips afana ne I-i9 enkulu futhi I-Xeon Gold Ama-CPU.
Zombili izinkampani zihlinzeka amakhasimende ngama-CPU enza imisebenzi ephansi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abathanda i-diehard bangase baphikise ngokuthi uhlobo olulodwa lunama-chips asebenza kangcono kunomunye. Kulokhu, abathengi kufanele babe nomqondo ovulekile futhi bangahlali ndawonye.
Izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha ama-CPU
Ngaphandle kokubheka uhlobo lwe-CPU, uhlobo, nenjongo yephrosesa, abathengi bangabheka ezinye izici ukubasiza benze ukukhetha okungcono. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-cores, isivinini sewashi, imicu, nokunye. Le mininingwane imi kanje:
cores
Ama-cores angachazwa njengenani lamaphrosesa kuphrosesa. Ama-CPU anamuhla ngokuvamile angaba namaningi njengalawo Izinhlamvu ze-64 kanye nama-cores amabili ambalwa. Amaphrosesa amaningi angama-quad-core noma ayisishiyagalombili-core, abathengi abangawakhethela izidingo zabo.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-CPU inamaphrosesa amaningi, iba ngcono, eyivumela ukuthi yenze imisebenzi eminingi uma iqhathaniswa ne-single-core noma i-dual-core CPU. Isibonelo, i-CPU yama-cores ayisishiyagalombili ingasebenzisa amathebhu amaningi esiphequluli se-Chrome ngaphandle kokusalela emuva, umsebenzi i-dual-core engakwazi ukuwenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-low-end quad-core processors afanele imisebenzi elula njengokusakaza umculo namavidiyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-CPU we-octa-core ayinketho elungile yokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezisindayo zokuhlela amavidiyo aphezulu noma amageyimu.
Isivinini sewashi
Ijubane lewashi izinga lapho chip isebenza khona. Ngakho-ke, izinga eliphezulu, i-CPU iyashesha. Ijubane lewashi le-CPU linezilinganiso zalo nge-gigahertz (GHz). Ama-CPU amaningi angakwazi ukulungisa izinga ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bomsebenzi kanye nezinga lokushisa le-chip.
Kuye ngomsebenzi wekhompyutha, abathengi banganquma ukuthi yisiphi isivinini sewashi okufanele bakhethe. Isivinini esikhulu sewashi siholela ekulayisheni ngokushesha uma uvula izinhlelo zokusebenza. I-chip ye-3–4GHz yanele kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile bekhompyutha nabadlali bamageyimu.
TDP
I-TDP ngesinye isici abathengi okufanele basiqaphele ngenkathi bethenga i-CPU. Ngokugcwele, kusho Amandla Edizayini Eshisayo futhi imele inani eliphezulu lokushisa okufanele likhiqizwe yi-chip ngesivinini esijwayelekile. I-TDP ye-CPU ilinganiswa ngama-watts.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-CPU, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi yayo Epholile ikwazi ukuphatha ukushisa okukuchithayo. Uma i-CPU ine-TDP enama-watts engeziwe, abathengi bangathola isistimu yokupholisa kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokushisa okukhiqiziwe futhi kunikeze ukusebenza okuphelele abakudingayo.
ikhava
Inqolobane eku-CPU ibamba idatha i-PC evame ukuyisebenzisa ukuze iphrosesa ikwazi ukufinyelela kuyo ngokushesha ukuze yenze imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma idatha efakwe kunqolobane ingatholakali, i-CPU izofinyelela ku-RAM.
Izilondolozi ze-in-chip ziza ngezinhlobo ezintathu: L1, L2, kanye ne-L3. Uhlobo lwenqolobane eshesha kakhulu L1, kodwa inendawo encane. L2 ihamba kancane kodwa inesikhala esiningi sokufinyelela nokuthumela iziyalezo phakathi kwe-RAM yekhompyutha ne-CPU. L3 iziqhayisa ngesikhala esiningi kodwa ihamba kancane kulezi zintathu.
Noma kunjalo, lesi sici akusona leso A umsebenzisi okufanele akhathazeke ngaso, njengoba inani ledatha elidinga ukugcinwa kunqolobane emhlabeni wangempela lingenakulinganiswa. Abathengi kufanele bacabangele ezinye izici ezibalulekile, njengama-cores nesivinini sewashi, ngaphambi kokuthenga i-CPU.
imicu
Imicu imelela inani lezinqubo ezizodwa i-chip engakwazi ukuyiphatha ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokufana nenani lama-cores. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-CPU amaningi anesici sokufunda okuningi lapho umongo owodwa ungakhiqiza imicu eminingi. I-AMD ibiza eyabo njenge-SMT noma i-multithreading ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho i-Intel ibizwa ngokuthi yi-hyper-threading.
Uma i-CPU inezintambo eziningi, kuba ngcono ukusebenza kwayo kwemisebenzi eminingi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha ngenkathi isebenza ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukucushwa, njengama-transcoder nabahleli bomsindo nevidiyo.
Ukuhambisana kweSocket
Isokhethi ye-CPU isixhumanisi esibonakalayo lapho i-CPU inamathela ebhodini lomama. Isokhethi ayihlinzeki nje ngokuxhumana ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi isiza ukudluliswa kwedatha okuphumelelayo kanye nokulethwa kwamandla phakathi kwe-CPU nebhodi lomama.
Ukwengeza, ngokufanisa uhlobo lwesokhethi ye-CPU nebhodi layo lomama, abathengi basebenzisa izinzuzo zokusebenza ezinikezwa imodeli ye-CPU, njengengqikithi eyengeziwe, isivinini sewashi eliphezulu, namandla okucubungula aphezulu.
Abathengi bangaqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesokhethi ngokubheka imininingwane ye-CPU ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ibhodi lomama liyayisekela. Umuntu angakwenza lokhu ngokubheka imininingwane evela kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi. Ekugcineni, umsebenzisi uzojabulela ulwazi oluhle kakhulu lwekhompyutha oluvela ku-chip yakhe.
Isiphetho
Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka ngokucacile lokho abathengi okufanele bakwazi uma bethenga ama-CPU. Ukukhetha i-CPU efanele, abathengi kufanele baqale baqonde inhloso yabo ngephrosesa, njengoba kukhona okuthile kwawo wonke umuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bacabangele uhlobo lokucubungula ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni, bebheka izici ezifana nenani lama-cores nokuhambisana kwesokhethi.
Vakashela Cooig.com ukuthola ama-CPU afanelekile ebhizinisi lakho noma amakhasimende.
