Ukugxiviza nokushaya kuyizinqubo ezivamile zokusebenza kwensimbi ezisetshenziswa ekudaleni nasekubunjweni kwamashidi ensimbi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinqubo kuye kwanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo amashidi wensimbi okubangelwa ukukhula komnotho wembulunga yonke, ukuthuthuka kwezimboni kanye nokukhula kwamadolobha. Amashidi ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa ezezimoto, zikagesi, ezokwakha, nezokwelashwa.
Nakuba ukugxiviza nokushaya kungase kuzwakale kufana, inqubo ngayinye isebenzisa ucezu oluthile lwamathuluzi ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo nemiphumela ehlukene. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinqubo kanye nomthelela wazo kwikhwalithi nokuma kwamashidi ensimbi acutshungulwayo.
Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-Metal stamping
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-Metal punching
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokugxiviza nokushaya
Ukukhetha phakathi kokunyathela nokushaya
Isiphetho
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-Metal stamping
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi yaziswa kakhulu US $ 211.79 billion ngo-2022. Kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$ 218.60 billion ngo-2023 kanye nama-US $ 310.69 billion ngo-2030, ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) esingu-4.9%. Isifunda sase-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi siqophe i-CAGR ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sezimoto nezinto zikagesi zabathengi ezifana nezingcingo.
Izinto eziningi eziqhuba lokhu kukhula kwemakethe yilezi:
- Ukwanda kwesidingo semishini yezimboni
- Isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi
- Ukugcizelelwa okuqhubekayo ezintweni ezingasindi kodwa eziqinile ngokwesakhiwo ezizosetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, electronics, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi.
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-Metal punching
Usayizi wemakethe yomshini wokubhoboza emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule US $ 318.65 wezigidi phakathi kuka-2021 no-2026, ku-CAGR ka-3.47%. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-62% walokhu kukhula uzovela esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific, neChina, iSouth Korea, neJapan njengezimakethe ezibalulekile. Ukuqhubeka nokusungulwa kwalesi sifunda kwezindawo zokukhiqiza kuzothuthukisa ukukhula nesidingo, kuyilapho izinto zihamba phambili umshini wokubhoboza ukukhula kwemakethe kanye nesidingo emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya:
- Ukukhuphuka kwe-automation yezimboni zomhlaba wonke
- Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwezomnotho ezisafufusa ukuze kusekelwe imikhakha yezokukhiqiza
- Ukuxhumana okwengeziwe nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuphrinta kwe-3D
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokugxiviza nokushaya
Ukugxiviza nokushaya yizinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene zokusebenza kwensimbi zokubumba, ukusika, noma ukwakha insimbi yeshidi. Ngenkathi ukugxiviza kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze ulolonge noma ukhubaze ishidi lensimbi usebenzisa i-die, ukubhoboza kuhlanganisa ukudala izimbobo noma izimo ezilula usebenzisa i-punch nokufa. Lesi sigaba sihlola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinqubo.
Izingxenye ezicutshunguliwe ezijwayelekile
Ngenkathi ukugxiviza nokushaya kokubili kuyizindlela zokucubungula insimbi, ziyahluka ngezinhlobo zezingxenye ezikhiqizayo.
Ukunyathela kuyinqubo eguquguqukayo esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezici. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
- Umkhakha Wezimoto: Ukugxiviza kusetshenziswa ukwenza amaphaneli omzimba ezimotweni ezinjengezicabha, uphahla, ama-fender, nezingxenye zenjini.
- Imboni ye-Aerospace: Ukugxiviza kuyasetshenziswa futhi embonini ye-aerospace ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezifana namaphaneli amaphiko, izingxenye ze-fuselage yendiza, izingxenye zezihlalo, ama-airframe, izinsimbi, nezikulufu.
- Imboni yemishini yasekhaya: isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezehlukene ezifana nezicabha zikahhavini, izigubhu zomshini wokuwasha, amaphaneli eminyango yesiqandisi, nezinsimbi zokuwasha izitsha.
- Imboni yezogesi: amasu okugxiviza ngensimbi asetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zemishini kagesi njengezindlu zamaselula, izixhumi, namakesi ekhompyutha.
- Imboni yezokwelapha: ukugxiviza kwensimbi kusetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezitholakala emishinini yezokwelapha, njengemishini yokuhlinza kanye nemishini efakelwayo.
Ukubhoboza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini ezinjengalezi:
- Ukupakisha nokuphrinta: ukubhoboza kwensimbi kusetshenziswa embonini yokupakisha nokunyathelisa ukuze kwakhiwe izimo ezikhethekile, izimbobo, nezici zokusebenza, njengemicu yezinyembezi kanye nezimbobo ukuze kuvuleke kalula.
- Izithuthi: indlela yokubhoboza isetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimoto ukuze kwakhiwe izingxenye ezifana namapuleti okukhweza nabakaki.
- Ukuhlunga nokuhlunga: izindlela zokubhoboza izimbobo nezindlela zokubhoboza zisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izisefo, izihlungi, nezikrini emanzini, emoyeni, nasezinhlelweni zokuhlunga zezimboni.
Inhloso kanye nokusebenza
Ukugxiviza kuyinqubo yokusebenza kwensimbi esebenzisa umshini wokucindezela bese ifa ukuze ilolonge noma iguqule insimbi yeshidi. Ishidi lensimbi libekwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezi-2 zokufa, kanye ne-a mechanical noma hydraulic press bese kusetshenziswa amandla. Lawa mandla abangela ukuthi insimbi yeshidi ithathe umumo womgodi wokufa. Ukugxiviza kufaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi adinga ukudala izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amakhonsathi, noma amaphethini eshidi lensimbi.
Ukubhoboza kuyindlela esetshenziselwa ukwakha izimbobo noma izimo ezilula eshidini lensimbi kusetshenziswa a shaya futhi ufe isethi. Umsebenzisi usika ngeshidi lensimbi ukuze akhiphe okokusebenza ngesinyathelo esisodwa, lapho isibhakela sishaya insimbi, bese idayizi ihlinzeka ngesimo esifisayo noma ukuvuleka.
Cubungula izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ukugxiviza kusebenzisa isofthiwe ekhetheke kakhulu yokubhala nokukhiqiza okusizwa ngekhompiyutha (CAD/CAM) ukuze kulolonge ishidi lensimbi ngokunemba nangobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngenqubo yezinyathelo eziningi ezidinga ukulawula okunembile nokuxhumana. Izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezingenzeka ngesikhathi sokugxivizwa kwensimbi zihlanganisa:
- Owenza
- Ukungena
- Ukubhoboza
- Ukudweba
Le nqubo ifaneleka ukudala izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, izingxenye ezidwetshiwe ezijulile, nemiklamo eqoshiwe. Ingasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezezimoto, amandla avuselelekayo, ezokwelapha, ihadiwe yezimboni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhaya.
Ukushaya, ngokuphambene, kwenzeka lapho i-punch icindezela insimbi yeshidi, isusa ucezu lwento ngenxa yamandla okusika. Kulesi simo, i-workpiece yokugcina ithatha isimo se-punch futhi ife. Nakuba umgomo oyinhloko wokugxiviza kuwukubumba noma ukuguqula insimbi yeshidi, ukubhoboza kuhlose ukudala izimbobo noma izimo eziyisisekelo.
Ukuqina
Ubukhulu ezinqubweni zokugxiviza nokushaya kukalwa ngegeji, lapho igeji iphansi, kuba yilapho insimbi ishubile.
Ukugxiviza kulungele kokubili insimbi yeshidi elincane neliwugqinsi. Ugqinsi lweshidi lensimbi lungasukela kucwecwe lwensimbi encane kakhulu, engu-38 gauge (0.0063”/0.16 mm ubukhulu) kuye kwensimbi yepuleti eliwugqinsi elingu-7-gauge (0.5”/12.70 mm). Ishidi lensimbi yensimbi engaphezu kuka-25 gauge (0.020"/0.56 mm ubukhulu) ithathwa njengegeji esindayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukubhoboza kufaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi afaka insimbi yeshidi elincanyana. Ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo kule nqubo kufanele bube phakathi kwe-10-34 gauge.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto
Kunodoti omncane wezinto ezibonakalayo ekunyatheleni njengoba izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingakhiwa ngocezu olulodwa lweshidi lensimbi. Inqubo yezinyathelo eziningi ivumela unjiniyela wokugxiviza ukuthi asebenzise yonke indawo yeshidi lensimbi.
Ngokuphambene, izigaba ezipuntshiwe ekushayeni ziba izinto ezilahliwe. Nokho, ukusebenzisa idizayini yamathuluzi ephumelelayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukumosha.
Ukukhetha phakathi kokunyathela nokushaya
Kunezici ezihlukahlukene okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha phakathi kokunyathela nokushaya, ikakhulukazi ngoba lezi zinqubo ezimbili zifaneleka kangcono emiphumeleni ehlukene. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela umphumela wokugcina owufunayo ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela eyodwa phezu kwenye. Okunye okucatshangelwayo kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
1) Ubunkimbinkimbi bomklamo
Ukugxiviza kufaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi ahlanganisa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amakhonsathi. Inqubo isiza ukuhlanganiswa kokuphatha okuzenzakalelayo, lapho okuphakelayo kwamakhoyili nama-destackers weshidi angenalutho kungalungiselelwa ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo kusiza ukwenza inqubo ibe lula futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza.
Ukubhoboza kufaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi afaka izimo ezilula noma ukudala izimbobo. Ukuklanywa kwemikhiqizo ebhontshiwe kunqunyelwe kusukela ubukhulu be-punch bunquma ubukhulu bembobo ububanzi. Kodwa-ke, amathuluzi e-punch engeziwe nokulungiswa kungafakwa ukuze kuzuzwe osayizi bembobo oyifunayo.
2) Izimakethe eziqondiwe kanye nezintandokazi zezimboni
Lapho ukhetha ukubhoboza noma ukugxiviza ngezinqubo zomsebenzi wensimbi, kubalulekile ukucabangela imakethe eqondiwe kanye nezidingo zemboni kanye nokuthandwayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimboni ezahlukene zinamazinga ahlukene noma izidingo zokugxiviza noma ukubhoboza.
Ngokwesibonelo, izimoto, amakhemikhali, kanye nezokwakha kukhona izimboni ezintathu eziphezulu ngokufunwa kwemishini yokubhoboza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimboni ezintathu eziphezulu nge isidingo sokugxiviza yimishini yezimoto, yezimboni, kanye nogesi wabathengi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvumelanisa amakhono okukhiqiza nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende.
3) Amandla okukhiqiza
Izinkampani ezinesisindo phakathi kokugxiviza nokushaya kufanele zicabangele amandla okukhiqiza alindelekile kanye namandla. Isibonelo, ukugxiviza kunikeza amandla okukhiqiza anesivinini esikhulu, okuwenza afanelekele amaphrojekthi afaka izingxenye ezinkulu zezingxenye ngaphakathi kwezikhathi eziqinile.
Kodwa-ke, ukubhoboza kulungele lawo maphrojekthi anezidingo zevolumu encane noma ukubeka phambili izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha kumaqoqo amancane.
Isiphetho
Izinqubo zokugxiviza nokubhoboza zibalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza eziyinhloko ukugxiviza ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amaphethini, kuyilapho ukubhoboza kusetshenziselwa ukudala izimo ezilula noma izimbobo. Ukuqonda ububanzi bephrojekthi nemiphumela efiswayo kusiza ukunquma inqubo efaneleke kakhulu ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle. Ukuze uhlole ukufakwa kuhlu kwemishini yekhwalithi esiza kokubili izinqubo zokugxivizwa kwensimbi nokushaya, yiya ku Cooig.com.
