Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekudaleni umkhiqizo wepulasitiki obunjiwe ukunquma indlela efanele yokukhiqiza. Umjovo nokubunjwa kokushaywa yizinqubo ezimbili ezijwayelekile, ngayinye inobuhle bayo nobubi bayo. Abathengisi nabathengisi kulesi sizinda kufanele bahlole izidingo zemakethe futhi babeke imishini efanele kumakhasimende abo abazoba khona.
Ukubumba umjovo kanye nokubunjwa kokushaywa yizindlela ezimbili zokwenza imikhiqizo yepulasitiki ngokushesha. Bobabili bangakwazi ukudala izinto zepulasitiki ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene nobukhulu. Lesi sihloko singena phakathi komehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwemishini emibili ukusiza abafundi bakhethe ngokuzethemba umshini ofanele izidingo zabo.
Okuqukethwe
Usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wemishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki
Kuyini umjovo udini?
Uyini umshini wokufutha wepulasitiki?
Ukubumba umjovo ngokumelene nemishini yokufutha
Amazwi wokugcina
Usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke wemishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki
Imakethe yemishini esetshenziselwa ukucubungula ipulasitiki ihlukaniswe izigaba eziningi njengemishini yokubumba umjovo, imishini yokubumba, kanye nemishini yokukhipha. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki ikhula ngokushesha ngoba abantu babona izinzuzo eziningi zamasu okucubungula ipulasitiki, njengekhono lokudala imiklamo eguquguqukayo. Izimboni ezifana nokudla neziphuzo zigqama kakhulu ngokwamukela lo mshini ngezinga elikhulu ngenxa yezidingo zazo zohlu lwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Isidingo semikhiqizo yepulasitiki siyanda, okuholela esidingweni esikhulu semishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki. Amazwe asathuthuka athuthukisa futhi enza izimboni zawo zepulasitiki zibe zesimanje, okuqhuba isidingo semishini efana nale imishini yokubumba umjovo. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yenza izinto zokusebenza zithengeke kakhulu ezimakethe lapho intengo iyisici esibalulekile.
Kuyini umjovo udini?
Ukubunjwa komjovo kubandakanya ukudala izingxenye zepulasitiki eziqinile ezinamamodeli anembayo. Ipulasitiki iyancibilika futhi iphushwe ngaphakathi emgodini ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuze kube yilapho isikhunta sigcwele. Amanzi okupholisa abe esegeleza emseleni ukuze aqinise ipulasitiki, ekhishwa kamuva endaweni yokuvula isikhunta.
Isistimu yokubumba umjovo inamashaneli lapho ipulasitiki igeleza khona. Izinga lokugeleza namandla omgodi kugcinwa esigabeni esiphambanayo salezi ziteshi. Iqukethe izinto ezimbili ezibalulekile - umjovo kanye neyunithi yokukhipha.
Ukubumba umjovo kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokukhiqiza ngobuningi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, eqinile enesakhiwo sayo esihlelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvamile yizinto ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu kodwa ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi njengamakhekhe, amakepisi amabhodlela, futhi amakhava efoni epulasitiki.
Izinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-injection molding yilezi:
- Izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi
- Ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo nokusheshayo
- Inikeza izinketho eziningi zemibala kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ezibonakalayo
- Ihambisana nezinto eziningi ezinemba okuphezulu
Uyini umshini wokufutha wepulasitiki?
I-Plastic blow molding isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zepulasitiki ezingenalutho nezincane. Inqubo iqala ngokushisisa ipulasitiki eluhlaza ekushiseni okukhethekile ngokuya ngohlobo lwepulasitiki olusetshenzisiwe. Okulandelayo, i umshini we-extrusion ikhipha ipulasitiki eshisayo ukuze yenze amashubhu angenalutho.
Leli parison noma ishubhu elingenalutho libe selifakwa esikhunjeni lapho kushaywa khona umoya. Ngenxa yalokho, ipayipi liyakhula esikhunjeni futhi lithatha isimo salo. Ipulasitiki iba namandla uma ipholile futhi idala izingxenye ezingenalutho ngokuvumelana nomklamo wesikhunta.
Ukufutha ngepulasitiki kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Extrusion blow molding - Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu: ngokuqhubekayo noma ngezikhathi ezithile. Okuqhubekayo kugcina ukuphakela okubalulekile ukwenza umumo futhi kunqamule lapho kuphola phansi. Indlela yesikhashana ibandakanya ukukhipha ingxenye emise okwedlulele ngaphambi kokwengeza okunye okubalulekile.
- Ukubumba igalelo lomjovo - Kusetshenziswa induku ekhethekile ukubeka izinto esikhunjeni. Impahla ithatha isimo seshubhu lokuhlola. Khona-ke, umoya uphephethwa kumpahla ukuze ithathe isimo sesikhunta.
- I-injection stretch blow blowing - Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubumba komjovo kanye nokubunjwa kokushaywa. Okokuqala, i-pre-form eqinile yenziwa kusetshenziswa ukubumba komjovo. Khona-ke, i-pre-form iyashiswa, futhi umoya uvunguzwe kuwo usebenzisa umshini. Lokhu kuyenza ithathe umumo oyifunayo.
Sekukonke, ukubumba i-blow kuyinqubo esebenza kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo. Kuwusizo ekwenzeni imikhiqizo engenalutho nefanayo ezimbonini ezinjengezezimoto, ezemithi, nemikhiqizo yabathengi edinga ukukhiqizwa amabhodlela, amathangi, njll.
Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imishini yokufutha ipulasitiki yilezi:
- Idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi
- Inikeza ukuguquguquka kwedizayini okuhle kakhulu
- Ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi
- Izindlela zokukhiqiza eziningi
Ukubumba umjovo ngokumelene nemishini yokufutha
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-blow kanye nokubunjwa komjovo kungasiza abathengisi bagcine imikhiqizo efanele. Nansi indlela umshini ngamunye ohluka ngayo komunye ngokuya:
Inqubo yokubumba
Ukubumba umjovo kuhilela ukuvala ipulasitiki egumbini lomjovo bese uyivumela ukuba idlule esikhunjeni esenziwe ngomumo. Khonamanjalo, ukufutha kwepulasitiki kuyinqubo eshisisa ipulasitiki futhi iyivumele idlule emshinini wokukhipha umoya, lapho umoya ushaywa khona ukuze wenze izimo ezingenalutho.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukubumba i-Blow kungenza iziqukathi ezinezindonga ezincane, okusho ukuthi zisebenzisa impahla encane futhi zilula kuneziqukathi ezenziwe ngokubumba umjovo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuwenza asebenze kahle kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokuthutha.
Usayizi womshini kanye nezindleko
Yomibili imishini yokujova nepulasitiki imikhulu. Kodwa-ke, owokuqala uvame ukubiza kakhulu ngenxa yamandla amaningi ahilelekile.
Izingxenye ezikhiqiziwe
Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuyisici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo phakathi kwemishini emibili. Imishini yokufutha ipulasitiki isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezingenalutho ngenkathi umjovo wokubumba imishini isetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye eziqinile.
Ukuhambisana kwezinto nombala
Zombili izindlela zokukhiqiza zihambisana nenqwaba yezinto zokwakha. Ukukhethwa komshini kokugcina kuncike ebunkingeni nasezimpahleni zomkhiqizo oyifunayo.
Ukubumba i-Blow ngokuvamile kukhethelwa amapulasitiki athambile futhi aguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa I-Polypropylene (PP), I-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), I-Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), kanye ne-High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-acrylic, i-urethane, ne-acetal zifanele kokubili ukubumba umjovo nokuvunguza kwepulasitiki.
Ungakhetha kanjani phakathi kokufuthwa kwepulasitiki nokubunjwa komjovo?
Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kokufuthwa kwepulasitiki nokubunjwa komjovo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukukhethwa komshini okulungile. Ikhephithali etholakalayo kanye nemikhiqizo efiswayo inegalelo elikhulu kulesi sinqumo. Ukubumba umjovo, isibonelo, kuyisinqumo esifanele uma inhloso kuwukukhiqiza ngobuningi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki eqinile efuna ukunemba okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvunguza kwepulasitiki kuwukukhetha okuhle uma usebenza ngezingxenye ezingenalutho njengezikepisi zamabhodlela noma amapayipi.
Amazwi wokugcina
Kokubili ukubumba nokubumba komjovo kungakhiqiza inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo efanayo. Uma utshala kukho kokubili, izici ezifana nokuhambisana kwezinto, izindleko, nenqubo kufanele kubhekwe. Impumelelo emakethe incike ekubhekisiseni kahle izimfuno zamanje kanye nokubambisana nabakhiqizi abangathuthukisa izixazululo zezinselele zamanje.
