I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) izoguqula imboni yokukhanyisa ngokwakha izinhlelo zokukhanyisa eziseqophelweni eliphezulu, ezonga amandla, futhi ezingabizi kakhulu. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sengqalasizinda yokukhanyisa sisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha, ukukhulisa ukukhiqiza, nokwandisa ukufinyelela kwezinhlelo zokuyala nokulawula ngaphakathi naphakathi kwezakhiwo.
Okuqukethwe
Imakethe evelayo yokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT
Izitayela zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-IoT
Ikusasa lokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile ne-IoT
Imakethe evelayo yokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT
Ukukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile Emery njengenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ze-inthanethi Yezinto. Abasebenzisi abaningi sebevele bathengile futhi bafaka izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-IoT ezakhiweni zabo, futhi imakethe yezibani ezihlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele inani I-USD 30.00 billion ngonyaka ka-2025.
Ukukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile yi- okwesine-okuningi okukhethekile kwe-IoT tech evuthiwe kanye nokutholwa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT obuseduze kakhulu. Ukungena emakethe yokukhanyisa ye-IoT kungaphezu nje kokukhanyisa imikhiqizo yabathengi; futhi kumayelana nokwakha isisekelo samadolobha nezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile ngokusebenzisa izinzwa namanethiwekhi ukunciphisa izindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Izitayela zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo zezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-IoT
Ukukhanyisa kwe-IoT emadolobheni ahlakaniphile
Ukukhanyisa okunikwe amandla yi-IoT kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana (ICT) ukwenza ingqalasizinda isebenze kahle. Ingqalasizinda yokukhanyisa ehlakaniphile njengamalambu asemgwaqweni namalambu emizila idlala indima enkulu ekwandiseni izinga lempilo lilonke lezakhamuzi ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye amazinga obugebengu.
Amalambu omgwaqo alawulwa yi-IoT
Ubuchwepheshe be-IoT busetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuphatha ukukhanya komgwaqo ukude. Ngokwesibonelo, amalambu omgwaqo ixhunywe ku inethiwekhi ye-mesh ingafiphazwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zethrafikhi zendawo. Ngakho, izibani zasemgwaqweni azikwazi ukulawulwa ngesandla kuphela kodwa futhi nokude ngesikhathi sangempela.
Izilawuli zokukhanyisa ingaxhuma kumalambu omgwaqo nge- Intambo ye-Ethernet noma ukuxhumeka okungenantambo futhi unike amandla ukulawula izici ezithile zokukhanya ngesikhathi sangempela. Isilawuli sokukhanyisa sixhunywe kuzinzwa ezithola umsebenzi oseduze nesibani somgwaqo bese sisifiphalisa noma sisikhanyise ngokuya ngendawo ezungezile. Lezi zinzwa zingase zithole izimoto, abantu, noma ezinye izici ezidinga ukukhanya okungaphezulu noma okuncane.
Ukukhanyisa kwendlela ehlakaniphile
Amasistimu okukhanyisa asuselwa ku-IoT asetshenziswa ezindleleni ezinjengemizila yezinyawo nemizila yamabhayisikili. Basebenzisa izinzwa ukuze bathole lapho ohamba ngezinyawo noma umgibeli webhayisikili esondela empambana mgwaqo futhi akhanyise ngokuzenzakalelayo izibani ukuze azinikeze ukubonakala okwengeziwe. Lolu hlelo lufanele amadolobha anabahamba ngezinyawo abaningi nabahamba ngamabhayisikili.
Smart amalambu endlela ingakhomba izindawo lapho izibani zidingeka khona ngokusekelwe emaphethini okusetshenziswa. Kuyindlela entsha yokukhanyisa ama-walkways, ama-driveways, nemigwaqo yaseceleni. Ukukhanyisa kwendlela kutholakala kumamodeli amaningana ahlukene futhi kuvame ukuza ne-a iphaneli yelanga eshajwa kabusha amabhethri emini.
Amalambu ezimoto
I-IoT ishintshe indlela amarobhothi asebenza ngayo. Ihlakaniphile amalambu ezimoto ifakwe ama-microcontroller kanye nezinzwa ezithola ukuthi zingaki izimoto eziwela empambanweni ethile nokuthi zibheke ngakuphi. Lolu lwazi lube seluthunyelwa ohlelweni olumaphakathi ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kushintshwe noma cha isibani sethrafikhi ezayo.
Amarobhothi ahlakaniphile axhumene futhi axhumene, okusho ukuthi angasebenza ngokuhambisana ukuze alawule ithrafikhi futhi acabangele nezehlakalo zomgwaqo, njengezingozi noma umsebenzi womgwaqo. Izinzwa zingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthola abahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo futhi ulungise isikhathi sezibani ngokufanele ukuze zibanike isikhathi esengeziwe sokuwela umgwaqo.
Ukukhanyisa kwe-IoT ezakhiweni ezihlakaniphile
Amahhotela
Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa amahhotela zishintshe kakhulu phakathi neminyaka. Baye basuka ezinhlelweni ezilula ezihlanganisa izibani nokushintsha baye kunethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinzwa, amakhamera, kanye izibani ezinamandla ezingalawulwa ukude. Amahhotela manje aya ngokuya ephendukela ezinhlelweni ze-IoT ezifana nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile ukuze athuthukise ulwazi lwezivakashi zawo.
Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezisuselwe ku-IoT ezisetshenziswa emahhotela zifaka phakathi okufiphele kanye nokuhlala izibani zezinzwa. Lezi zinhlelo zingafinyelelwa ngokungenantambo nganoma iyiphi idivayisi efana nekhompyutha ephathekayo, i-smartphone, noma ithebhulethi. Izibani ezisebenza nge-IoT zivumela amahhotela ukuthi aqaphe futhi alungise inani lokukhanya emakamelweni ngamanye nasemaphasishi.
Izakhiwo zebhizinisi
Inzuzo yamasistimu okukhanyisa ahlakaniphile yikhono lawo lokulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyo yonke indawo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lesi sici sivumela abaphathi bezakhiwo ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokonga izindleko ezifana nokulungisa izibani zabo uma kunezivakashi ezimbalwa, ngaleyo ndlela behlise i-carbon footprint yabo. Enye inzuzo ye Ukukhanyisa kwe-IoT ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwendawo yokusebenza ngokunikeza izindlela ezihlakaniphile zokulungisa izilungiselelo zokukhanyisa ngokusekelwe emaphethini okunyakaza, amaphethini okuhlala, nokutholakala kokukhanya kwasemini.
Ikhono lokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa okuthuthukile ukulinganisa ukukhanya amadivayisi azosiza amabhizinisi ehlise izikweletu zawo zamandla. Isibonelo, uma kukhona i-spike ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla endaweni eyodwa, kungase kube imishini enephutha noma iwindi eliphukile. Ibhizinisi lizokwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha nangempumelelo ngokuqapha okukude ngezinhlelo zokusebenza kumafoni abo.
Izinhlelo ezintsha zokukhanyisa ezisekelwe ku-IoT
Amasistimu okulawula ukukhanyisa ayinkimbinkimbi
Izinhlelo Zokulawula Ukukhanyisa (I-LMS) amasistimu asanda kuthuthukiswa okulawula ukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo ezakhiweni. Aqukethe izinzwa (izinzwa zokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, ukuhlala, njll.), izinto zokukhanyisa, nezinhlelo zokulawula ezifana izilawuli ukukhanya.
Amasistimu asekelwe ku-LMS alawula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhanya okwenziwa emahhovisi futhi anikeze izimo ezikahle zakho kokubili ukunethezeka komuntu nokonga amandla. Lawa masistimu angaxhunywa ohlelweni lokuphatha izakhiwo olulawula ukuphakelwa kukagesi, izinga lokushisa, umoya, ukutholwa komlilo, nezinye izinsiza zokwakha.
I-ZigBee/Z-wave ixhume amasistimu okukhanyisa ahlakaniphile
Amadivayisi okukhanyisa asebenze ngezwi cishe azoba yingxenye yezinhlelo zokukhanyisa zesikhathi esizayo, ezifana nobuchwepheshe be-Z-Wave ne-ZigBee. ZigBee futhi I-Z-Wave ziyizinqubo zokuxhumana ezingenazintambo ezisebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukudlulisa idatha phakathi kwamadivaysi enethiwekhi, njengamalambu okukhanya.
Lobu buchwepheshe bungamanethiwekhi omanetha anamandla aphansi angamboza indawo enkulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungeza amaphoyinti amaningi angawodwana angenazintambo. Ungathola imikhiqizo enjalo yokukhanyisa ku-Cooig.com, njenge-Z-wave RGBW Ibhulabhu yombala noma i-Zigbee 2.4ghz Shintsha ukukhanya.
Ikusasa lokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile ne-ioT
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha yamafu kuzovumela izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ukuthi zikhule zisuka ezakhiweni ezifana namahhotela nezindawo zokuthengisa ziye kwingqalasizinda yasemadolobheni efana namadolobha ahlakaniphile. Uma kucatshangelwa umthelela izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezingaba nawo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kwezakhiwo nemigwaqo, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-IoT zinamandla okuthuthuka athembisayo.
Ngenani elikhulayo le imizi ehlakaniphile kanye namaphrojekthi wokwakha emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo sezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-IoT kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Amadolobha ahlakaniphile azoba nezibani zasemgwaqweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuphepha okukhulu kwethrafikhi, futhi izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile zizosebenza kahle ngokwakha izinhlelo zokulawula izibani. Ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obungenawaya obuhambisana nokuthuthuka kwe-IoT, sisesigabeni sokuqala somkhakha okhulayo.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi igama elithi “Smart” aligcini nje nge-IoT nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhanyisa. Inqubo yokuthola imikhiqizo ethe xaxa ingase ibe “hlakaniphile”. I-Smart sourcing iyindlela yokuthola imali engonga isikhathi nemali kubanikazi bamabhizinisi, abahambisa izimpahla, kanye nabathengisi. Nazi amanye amathiphu mayelana nokutholwa okuhlakaniphile.
