1. Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sisonke
Umshini wokubumba umshini uwuhlobo lwemishini yokucubungula ipulasitiki. Ngemva kokuba upulasitiki owuketshezi ufuthwe, umzimba wepulasitiki uphephezelwa esimweni esithile sesikhunta ngomoya ovunguzwe umshini ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo. Lo mshini ubizwa ngokuthi umshini wokubumba i-blow. Ipulasitiki iyancibilika futhi ikhishwe ngobuningi ku-screw extruder, bese kwakhiwa ifilimu yokuvala, ipholiswe ngomoya oshaywa yindandatho yokupholisa, bese idonswa ngesivinini esithile umshini wokudonsa futhi ifakwe ku-roll yi-winder.
Imishini yokubumba i-Blow ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: imishini yokubumba i-extrusion blow, imishini yokubumba i-injection blow, kanye nemishini ekhethekile yokubumba imishini. Imishini yokubumba i-Stretch blow ingahlukaniswa ngaphansi kwesigaba ngasinye kulezi ezingenhla. Umshini wokubumba i-extrusion blowing uyinhlanganisela ye-extruder, umshini wokubumba i-blow, kanye ne-mold clamping mechanism, futhi uqukethe i-extruder, inhloko ye-parison, idivayisi evuthelayo, i-mold clamping mechanism, isistimu yokulawula ukushuba kwe-parison, kanye nendlela yokudlulisela. Umshini wokubumba umjovo we-injection uyinhlanganisela yomshini wokubumba umjovo kanye nendlela yokubumba igalelo, okuhlanganisa indlela yokwenza ipulasitiki, isistimu ye-hydraulic, into esebenza ngogesi elawulayo, nezinye izingxenye zemishini. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka imishini yokubumba yeziteshi ezintathu kanye neziteshi ezine. Umshini wokubumba okhethekile wesakhiwo umshini wokubumba igalelo osebenzisa ishidi, nezinto ezincibilikisiwe futhi wenza ukuvuthela imizimba engenalutho enezimo ezikhethekile nokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yokwakheka okuhlukene kanye nezidingo zemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe, ukwakheka komshini wokubumba igalelo nakho kuyahlukahluka.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho, inani lamabhodlela epulasitiki nemiphongolo ehlukahlukene eChina liyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi imboni yokubumba i-blow nayo iyakhula. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lokuthekelisa lemishini yokubumba i-bloolding belilokhu likhuphuka ngokulandelana, lisuka ku-2,176.94 million USD ngo-2018 laya ku-2,894.42 million USD ngo-2021, kanti inani lokungenisa liye lehla lisuka ku-209.11 million USD ngo-2018 laya ku-132.45 million USD. Ngo-2020, kokubili amanani okuthumela kanye nokungenisa afinyelele inani eliphakeme elincane. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Customs, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, inani lokungenisa lemishini yokubumba eChina laliyizigidi ezingama-88.21 zama-USD, namayunithi ayi-115 angenisiwe, futhi inani lokuthekelisa laliyizigidi eziyi-1,447.59 zama-USD, namayunithi angama-54,181 athunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ngokwesilinganiso senani lentengo yamayunithi okuthengiswa ngaphandle nokuthekelisa, isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokungenisa beliphezulu kunenani leyunithi yokuthekelisa. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokungenisa sasingu-760,000 USD ngeyunithi ngayinye, kuyilapho isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokuthekelisa sasingu-26,700 USD kuphela ngeyunithi ngayinye. Lokhu kwakungenxa yethonya lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. Amazwe angaphandle anobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, okuholela emishinini yokubumba yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye namanani aphezulu. Ngokuphambene, ubuchwepheshe basekhaya abuthuthukisiwe futhi ikakhulukazi bukhiqiza imikhiqizo ephansi kuya emaphakathi. Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2021, intengo emaphakathi yokungenisa ibe yehle kakhulu ngo-2020 ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, kanti intengo emaphakathi yokuthekelisa ibilokhu incipha jikelele.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kokungenisa nokuthekelisa
Ngokusho kwedatha yezimpahla zaseShayina, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, inani lokungenisa lemishini yokubumba i-extrusion blow laliyizigidi ezingama-35.29 USD, namayunithi angama-34 angenisiwe, kuyilapho inani lokuthekelisa lalingama-USD ayizigidi ezingama-65.34, namayunithi angama-38,006 athunyelwa ngaphandle. Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2021, inani lokungenisa kanye nenani lemishini yokubumba i-extrusion blowing libonise ukwehla, okubonisa ukuthi i-China kancane kancane inciphisa ukuncika kwayo ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho inani lokuthekelisa lilokhu likhula kancane futhi nenani lokuthekelisa liphinde lakhuphuka ngo-2020.
Ngokombono wamanani amaphakathi okungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa, intengo emaphakathi yokungenisa yemishini yokubumba i-extrusion blowing yayisephezulu kunenani elimaphakathi lokuthekelisa. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, intengo emaphakathi yokungenisa ibingu-1.03 wesigidi se-USD ngeyunithi ngayinye, kanti intengo emaphakathi yokuthekelisa ibingu-0.0582 million USD kuphela ngeyunithi ngayinye. Isilinganiso senani lentengo yokungenisa emishinini yokubumba i-extrusion blowing ngo-2020, kuyilapho intengo emaphakathi yokuthekelisa yayisezingeni eliphezulu ngawo lowo nyaka. Isidingo semikhiqizo yokupakisha ehlobene nezokwelapha besilokhu sikhula ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe baseChina embonini yemishini yokubumba.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Customs, inani lokungenisa lemishini yokubumba i-injection blow blowing e-China engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022 lalingama-USD ayizigidi eziyi-12.62, namayunithi angama-47 angenisiwe, kanti inani lokuthekelisa lalingu-7.12 wezigidi ze-USD, namayunithi ayi-176 athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Inani elithunyelwa ngaphandle lemishini yokubumba imijovo lehle kancane ukusuka ngo-2018 kuya ku-2021, kuyilapho inani lokungenisa libonisa ukushintshashintsha kodwa ngokuvamile lalikhuphuka.
Ngokombono wesilinganiso senani leyunithi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokungenisa yemishini yokubumba igalelo laliphezulu kunenani leyunithi yokuthekelisa. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa yemishini yokubumba umjovo e-China yayingu-268,700 USD ngeyunithi ngayinye, kuyilapho intengo yeyunithi yokuthekelisa yayingu-40,500 USD iyunithi ngayinye.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Customs, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, inani lokungenisa leminye imishini yokubumba i-blow molding e-China lalingama-USD ayizigidi ezingu-40.28, nenani lokungenisa lamayunithi angama-34, futhi inani lokuthekelisa lalingama-USD ayizigidi ezingama-72.28, nenani lokuthekelisa lamayunithi ayi-15,999. Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2021, inani elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe leminye imishini yokubumba e-China lalilikhulu kunenani lokungenisa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yentengo ephansi yemishini yokubumba yaseShayina, eyayidumile phesheya.
Ngokombono wezintengo zeyunithi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa emaphakathi yeminye imishini yokubumba ibe yisigidi esingu-1.18 USD ngeyunithi ngayinye, kuyilapho inani elijwayelekile leyunithi yokuthekelisa lalingu-4,500 USD ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ngo-2020, intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa yeminye imishini yokubumba yehla ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphethini okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle
Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, imishini yaseShayina yokubumba igalelo elangenisiwe ikakhulukazi yayisuka eJalimane, Japan, Canada, India, nase-Taiwan, enamanani okungenisa ezigidi ezingu-56.24 USD, 8.59 million USD, 5.79 million USD, 5.68 million USD, kanye 3.99 million USD, ngokulandelana. I-Germany yaba nengxenye enkulu kakhulu, eyedlula kude ingqikithi yeminye imithombo yokungenisa. Ngenxa yemboni yokubumba igalelo ethuthukisiwe eJalimane, ubuchwepheshe bayo nezinsizakalo zivuthwe kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yemishini yokubumba iphakeme kakhulu.
Ngokwenani lokuthekelisa, iVietnam ibiyindawo enkulu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwemishini yokubumba yaseChina, enenani lokuthekelisa lezigidi eziyi-10.85 USD engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, ilandelwa yiThailand ne-Indonesia, enamanani okuthumela ayizigidi eziyi-9.18 kanye nezigidi ezingama-USD eziyi-8.86, ngokulandelana. Ngenxa yenzuzo yentengo yemishini yokubumba yaseChina, iVietnam namanye amazwe asathuthuka yizona zindawo ezihamba phambili zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Customs, i-Jiangsu ne-Zhejiang kwakuyizifundazwe ezinkulu zokungeniswa kwemishini yokubumba yase-China. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, isifundazwe saseJiangsu sikleliswe endaweni yokuqala ezweni ngenani lokungenisa eliyizigidi ezingama-24.37 USD ngemishini yokubumba, ilandelwa eduze yisifundazwe saseZhejiang esinenani lokungenisa eliyizigidi ezingama-23.79 USD.
Umthombo ovela I-Intelligence Research Group (chyxx.com)
