Abakhiqizi bokudla okunjengobisi, ushizi, uju, nejusi yezithelo badinga imishini yokubulala ama-pasteurizing ukuvala amagciwane emikhiqizweni yabo ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuqeda nokuvimbela amagciwane ayingozi, ukuwenza aphephe ukusetshenziswa, futhi andise impilo yeshalofu.
Lesi sihloko, ngakho-ke, sikusiza ukuthi ukhethe i-pasteurizer ehamba phambili nethembekile kakhulu ehlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende akho ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo, umthamo, umthombo wamandla, indlela yokudlisa amagciwane, kanye nesikhathi sokuvala inzalo.
Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-pasteurizers
Amathiphu okukhetha okokusebenza kwe-pasteurizer
Izinhlobo ze-pasteurization
Isiphetho
Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-pasteurizer
Ngo-2020, inani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke lemishini yama-pasteurizer lalimile I-USD 2.3 billion, kanye nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lika-8.4%, eligqugquzelwa isidingo semikhiqizo yobisi ehlutshiwe, inani lemakethe kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ku-USD 6.8 billion ngonyaka ka-2033.
Njengoba ubisi neyogathi kuyisidingo kuyo yonke imizi nakubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, isidingo sale mikhiqizo yobisi silokhu sikhula nsuku zonke ngenxa yokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni. Lesi sidingo siyisici sokuqala sokushayela ngemuva kokunwetshwa kwempahla yomhlaba wonke ye-pasteurizer.
Ngokwemvelo, imikhiqizo yobisi iqukethe amagciwane ayingozi avinjelwayo lapho umkhiqizo welashwa ngokubiliswa. Ngobisi oluningi, i-pasteurization iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvala inzalo ngokuphambene nokubilisa okuvamile, okuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kudla amandla amaningi.
Futhi ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuphepha kokudla kanye nenhlanzeko, yingakho isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yobisi ehlutshiwe ukuvimbela ubuthi bokudla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugaya kanye namasosha omzimba.
Amathiphu okukhetha okokusebenza kwe-pasteurizer
uhlobo lomkhiqizo
Imikhiqizo yokudla inezici ezihlukene, njengosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukuzwela ukushisa, i-viscosity, kanye ne-asidi. Lokhu kusho ukudla okuthile noma uphuzo izodinga inqubo ethile yokudliwa kwe-pasteurization ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi nokuphepha.
Ukwenza isibonelo, ukwelapha imikhiqizo yobisi efana nobisi nokhilimu kuyehluka esithelweni ngoba ubisi lunokuzwela kakhulu ukushisa kunalolu lwakamuva. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda lo mehluko kuzosiza amabhizinisi akhethe okokusebenza kwe-pasteurizer okuklanyelwe ukuphatha uhlobo lomkhiqizo wabo ngaphandle kwengozi yekhwalithi ephansi yomkhiqizo, ukonakala, noma ukulimala.
Umthamo
Kukhona ama-pasteurizer amancane, aphakathi nendawo namakhulu. Kodwa i-pasteurizer efanelekile incike ekutheni ungakanani umkhiqizo (ubisi, uju, ushizi, ijusi, njll.) ibhizinisi elidinga uku-pasteurize ngehora noma usuku olunikeziwe.
Isibonelo, i-VAT (i-pasteurizer ephethe umthamo omncane) yamabhizinisi amancane iza ngosayizi abayi-15 kanye namalitha angama-30. Ukunamathisela iqoqo elilodwa kuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuya kwengama-30, kuye ngezinga lokushisa.
Manje, uma wenza isamba sesikhathi esisithathayo ukushisisa nokupholisa umkhiqizo kanye nesikhathi esisithathayo ukuhlanza okokusebenza, isikhathi esidingekayo kunqwaba eyodwa amahora angu-2 ½. Amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele izidingo zawo zokukhiqiza futhi athole isidlisi esifanelekile.
Indlela ye-Pasteurization
Zintathu izindlela ezisemqoka zokudlondlobala; izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesikhathi esifushane, ukushisa okuphezulu kwesikhathi esifushane, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ye-pasteurization yindlela yesikhathi esifushane sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (HTST), kodwa ukukhetha indlela ekahle kuncike ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo, i-viscosity, kanye nokuzwela ukushisa.
Eminye imikhiqizo ingase idinge izinga lokushisa eliphansi lesikhathi eside (LTLT) pasteurization ukuze igcine umbala wayo, ukuthungwa, nokunambitheka, kuyilapho eminye idinga i-HTST yokukhucululwa kwendle okufanele. Sesikushilo lokho, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe indlela efanelekile yokudlondlobala ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwemikhiqizo ayicubungulayo.
Umthombo wamandla
Imithombo yamandla emithathu ingasetshenziselwa imishini yokudlisa ukudla; ugesi, igesi, nesitimu. Ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokubi ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni, izindleko, nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Indlela ye-steam pasteurization ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo. Ingakhiqizwa ngemali ephansi kusetshenziswa imithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene njengogesi, uwoyela, noma igesi yemvelo. Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, umkhiqizo ngamunye unezici ezihlukile njengokuzwela ukushisa, i-viscosity, nosayizi wezinhlayiyana. Ngakho-ke, isitimu esinomfutho singasebenza ekwelapheni eminye imikhiqizo efana nobisi, hhayi ijusi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-fire pasteurization eqondile ihlanganisa ukushisa umkhiqizo ngokuthintana ngqo nelangabi, elilungele imikhiqizo ethile, njengaleyo ene-viscosity ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-drawback yale ndlela ukuthi ayiwongi amandla uma iqhathaniswa ne-steam pasteurization.
Isikhathi sokuzala
Isikhathi sokuvala inzalo sincike kakhulu ekubonakaleni kwemikhiqizo, ukwakheka, nokumelana nokushisa. Imikhiqizo ene-asidi ephansi ingase idinge isikhathi esincane sokuvala inzalo uma kuqhathaniswa naleyo enoshukela omningi.
Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, inqubo yokuhlubuka iba mfishane. Sekushiwo lokho, eminye imikhiqizo kuphela edinga isikhathi eside sokuvala inzalo njengoba ingashintsha ukunambitheka, umbala, nokuthungwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe okokusebenza kwepasteurizer okuklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqondile zemikhiqizo yawo.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvala inzalo
Imikhiqizo inamazinga okushisa ahlukene okuvala inzalo ngokusekelwe ekumelaneni nokushisa kwayo, ukwakheka kwayo, kanye ne-pH. Imikhiqizo ene-asidi ephansi ihlanganisa ubisi nejusi; zidinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuvala inzalo ukuze zibulale amagciwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imikhiqizo ene-asidi ephezulu efana nesoso katamatisi ingase idinge izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuvala inzalo.
Izinhlobo ze-pasteurization
I-High-temperature short-time (HTST)
Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke njengobisi. Indlela ye-HTST ye-milk pasteurization ibandakanya ukushisa ubisi ku-72 degrees Celsius imizuzwana engu-15. Ibulala ngempumelelo iningi lamagciwane ayingozi futhi amelana nokutholakala obisini.
Lokhu okuqhubekayo pasteurization indlela ihilela ubisi olushisayo olungenayo i-pasteurized ohlangothini olulodwa lwamapuleti ensimbi engagqwali apholiswa ubisi olubandayo olubandayo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwamapuleti.
buhle
– Izindleko zokuqala zale ndlela ziphansi.
– Ubisi lungelapheka ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
bawo
- Ithembela kakhulu ochungechungeni oluqhubekayo olulawulwa yizinga lokushisa ukusuka ekupakishweni nasekuthunyelweni kuya endaweni yokugcina izinto ekhethiwe esigabeni sokudayisa.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu (UHT)
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kwe-pasteurization yobisi emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-138 no-150 degrees Celsius imizuzwana engekho ngaphansi kwamasekhondi amabili. Kube sekunjalo ihlanganisiwe futhi avalwe ezitsheni ezifakwe inzalo.
buhle
– Ubisi lungahlala inyanga yonke ngaphandle kwesidingo sefriji.
- Impilo yeshelufu inwetshwa ibe yizinsuku ezingama-90.
bawo
- Ngemva kokuvula, ubisi lwe-UHT luvame ukonakala ngesikhathi esifanayo neminye imikhiqizo evamile e-pasteurized.
Isikhathi esifushane sokushisa okuphezulu (HHST)
Indlela yesikhathi esifushane yokushisa okuphezulu yokucubungula ubisi ihlose ukuqinisekisa impilo yeshalofu ende ngaphansi kwesiqandisi.
Kulesi simo, ukushisa kusetshenziswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaphezu kuka-100 degrees Celsius obisini olugelezayo noma umkhiqizo. Khona-ke, lowo mkhiqizo upholiswa ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-4 degrees Celsius.
buhle
– I-Extended shelf life (ESL) ukudla okunelebuli kukhiqizwa ngale nqubo. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngaphezu kwempilo yabo evamile elindelwe.
- Imithombo emikhulu yokutheleleka kabusha kwamagciwane iyancipha kakhulu ngenkathi igcina ikhwalithi yomthengi.
bawo
– Imikhiqizo kumele igcinwe ngaphansi kuka-4 degrees Celsius. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazifaka engozini yokonakala.
Isiphetho
I-Pasteurization iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yakho konke ukucubungula komkhiqizo wobisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kanye nempilo yeshelufu eyandisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa amathiphu angenhla, amabhizinisi angakhetha i-pasteuriser efanele ehlangabezana nezidingo zabo zomkhiqizo.
Futhi funda: Amathiphu angu-5 Wokukhetha Iphakheji Yensimbi Yomkhiqizo Wakho
