Ukukhetha umshini wokukhipha amafa ofanele akulula njengoba kuzwakala. Le mishini itholakala ngezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi ifanele imikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nesikhunta. Ilungelo umshini wokufafaza ngeke nje kuphela igcine inciphisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kodwa izophinde ikhiqize izingxenye eziwumphumela wekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuze ugweme ukuzisola esikhathini esizayo njengomthengi, udinga ukuba nawo wonke amaqiniso nolwazi mayelana nemishini yokukhipha ukufa.
Lesi sihloko sethula amathiphu aphezulu azosiza ekukhetheni ukusakaza okufa okulungile imishini. Kuzoxoxwa ngesabelo semakethe ye-die casting kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokuphonsa.
Okuqukethwe
Isabelo semakethe semakethe yemishini yokusakaza
Umshini wokufafaza kanye nenqubo
Izinhlobo zemishini yokufa
Amathiphu aphezulu wokukhetha imishini yokufaka ukufa
Isifinyezo
Isabelo semakethe semakethe yemishini yokusakaza
Umnotho womhlaba ubhekene nokukhuphuka kwesidingo sezingxenye ezifayo, ikakhulukazi embonini yezimoto. Lokhu kungenxa yoshintsho ekuthandeni kwabathengi ezimotweni ezingasindi. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-die casting ihlukaniswe ngokususelwa kuzicelo, izinqubo, izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nesifunda.
Njengamanje, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yokufa inenani lama-USD 61.12 billion ngokusho Ubunhloli beMordor. Kulindeleke ukuthi inwebeke ku-CAGR ka-5.92% futhi ifinyelele ku-USD 86.3 bhiliyoni ngo-2027. Lokhu kukhula kuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukwanda kwemakethe yezimoto, ukungena okukhulayo kwezingxenye zemishini yezimboni ezifayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo kwama-aluminium cast ezingxenyeni zikagesi.
Ngesikhathi sokubikezela, isifunda sase-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nokukhula okukhulu kwesabelo semakethe. Lokhu kuzosheshiswa yimisebenzi eshibhile nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza eChina naseNdiya. Futhi, i-aluminium izodlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokufaka ukufa ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwayo ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni. Abakhiqizi abakhulu abaqhudelanayo bayaqhubeka nokwandisa ubukhona babo emhlabeni wonke. Abanye balaba badlali bahlanganisa iNeamk, iLinamar Corporation, i-Alcoa Corporation, neDynacast.
Umshini wokufafaza kanye nenqubo
I-Die casting ihlanganisa inqubo yokubunjwa kwensimbi lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe engaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu idlula esikhunjeni sensimbi iye endaweni yokubunjwa. Lapho insimbi iphola ngemva kwalokho, iqina ibe umkhiqizo osuphelile. Kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza izingxenye eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezenziwe ngensimbi ngobuningi. Izibunjwa zensimbi ezibizwa ngokuthi ziyafa zenziwe kahle ukuze zikhiqize ukwakheka okunobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda nokunemba. Abakhiqizi abaningi basebenzisa izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi njenge-aluminium, zinc, lead, nethusi.
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-die cast yizi:
- Ukufa komgodi owodwa: Kwakha izingxenye eziqinile zomzimba.
- Imigodi eminingi iyafa: Ikhiqiza izingxenye ezifanayo ngasikhathi sinye.
- Iyunithi iyafa: Isakaza izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye.
- Inhlanganisela yokufa: Isakaza izingxenye eziningi ezihlukile ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni okuzayo.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokufa
1. Imishini yekamelo elishisayo
The imishini yokukhipha i-hot-chamber die casting ube negumbi lokucindezela elixhunywe ngqo emgodini wokubunjwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe endaweni ecindezelweyo. Zibizwa nangokuthi imishini ye-gooseneck ngenxa yokuma kwesistimu yazo yensimbi yokudla. Lapho isilinda segumbi sibuyela endaweni engacindezelwanga, insimbi encibilikisiwe yona ifakwa ku-casting die.
Le nqubo ivamise ukushesha futhi kuyashesha kunasemishinini yokusakaza ye-cold-chamber. Le mishini ifanele ama-alloys anamaphoyinti ancibilikayo aphansi ukuvimbela ukulimala kusilinda lomjovo. Izinsimbi zihlanganisa i-zinc, ithusi, i-magnesium, nomthofu.
2. Imishini yegumbi elibandayo
Imishini yokukhipha i-Cold chamber die zidinga insimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze ilayishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo noma ifakwe ngesandla ekamelweni. I-plunger eqhutshwa ngamanzi ivala indawo yokucindezela ngemva kwalokho bese iphoqa insimbi ukuthi ibe yidayizi. Imishini inciphisa amanani okushisa futhi ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ithuba lokugqwala ku-plunger nanoma yiziphi ezinye izingxenye ezizungezile. Futhi, le mishini ilungele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-aluminium. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-alloys e-aluminium angabhubhisa ama-plungers namasilinda ensimbi, okunciphisa impilo yesevisi ye-dies.
Amathiphu aphezulu wokukhetha imishini yokufaka ukufa
1. I-Die casting alloy
Ngokuvamile, lapho usebenzisa Igumbi elishisayo lifa imishini yokuphonsa, i-zinc, i-lead, ithini, ne-magnesium (encane) yi-alloys ekhethwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma abathengi behlose ukuqasha Igumbi elibandayo lifa imishini yokuphonsa, i-magnesium (enkulu), i-aluminium, nethusi isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukwengeza, umshini wokulingisa wegumbi elibandayo ome mpo ulungele ukudala ukulingisa okunomumo omaphakathi, oyisilinda, kanye ne-radial.
Ngokuphawulekayo, uma inqwaba yomkhiqizo inkulu futhi izinhlobonhlobo zincane, abathengi kufanele bacabangele ukusebenzisa imishini yokukhipha ukufa enezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela kanye nokuphelela kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zezingxenye ze-die casting zihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yabathengi neyezimboni, imikhiqizo yezimoto, nezingxenye ze-aerospace.
2. Ubukhulu
Ikakhulukazi, usayizi wesikhunta se-die casting kufanele uhambisane nosayizi wokufaka wemishini yokuphonsa ukufa. Okubalulekile ukujiya kwesikhunta se-die casting kanye nebanga elihlukanisa izindawo ezihlukanisayo zedayizi. Ubukhulu obuncane obujwayelekile bodonga bemishini yokufaka i-die cast busukela phakathi kuka-10.16 mm no-20.32 mm.
Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi izidingo zemingcele eyisisekelo yemishini yokukhipha ukufa ziyahlangatshezwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukujiya kwe-die casting (H) akukwazi ukuba ngaphansi kogqinsi obuncane obunikezwe kumanuwali yomshini noma bukhulu kunobukhulu obunikeziwe bokujiya obunikeziwe. Futhi, ngemuva kokuvulwa komshini wokulingisa ukufa, ibanga elingaphezulu elihlukanisayo lomshini wokulingisa kufanele libe likhulu noma lilingane nebanga elincane elivumela ukuphuma.
I-3. Izindleko
Izindleko ezihambisana nokufakwa kwe-die casting zifaka izindleko zokuthenga zemishini, izindleko phakathi nokukhiqizwa kwe-die cast, imisebenzi yesibili, kanye nokuqeda. Inqubo ye-die casting ibiza kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye eyodwa ingaklanywa esikhundleni sezingxenye eziningi. Ezinye izici zifakwe enqubweni yokulingisa ukuze kususwe isidingo sokubhora kwesibili, ukugaya, ukuphinda futhi ugaye.
Futhi, imishini ye-hot chamber die casting iyahlukahluka ngobukhulu obusukela kumathani ama-4 kuya kumathani ayi-1200, okuthinta amanani abo. Ngokwesilinganiso, umshini wokuphonsa ongamathani ayi-10 ungabiza cishe u-USD 30,000 futhi umshini wamathani angu-1200 ungabiza kufika ku-USD 1,000,000. Kulokhu, abathengi kufanele bakhethe okokusebenza ngokusekelwe kubhajethi yabo kanye nezidingo zomugqa wokukhiqiza.
4. Ukusebenza kahle
Ngokwesisekelo esijwayelekile, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela amazinga amakhulu okusebenza ngokukhulisa ukumbozwa kwesikhunta. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezivamile zokukhulula ezisekelwe emanzini kuvumela ukupholisa ngokushesha kwendawo yesikhunta, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu ebusweni besikhunta ngenxa yokuqina okuphindaphindiwe nokucindezela kokucindezela. Abathengi kumele baqonde ukuthi ukuqhekeka kungaholela empilweni encishisiwe yethuluzi elikhonjiwe. Futhi, uma kucatshangelwa isivinini, isikhathi somjikelezo esiphelele phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha ukufa sihlala phakathi kwamasekhondi amabili nomzuzu owodwa. Lokhu kuncike kuphela kubunkimbinkimbi bomkhiqizo.
Isifinyezo
I-die casting isiphenduke isayensi eqondile ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphambili, izinto zokulingisa ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini esebenza kahle kakhulu. Abathengi kufanele baqaphele imiklamo yokufa yekhwalithi engcono kanye nesofthiwe yakamuva enikeze amandla ukwakhiwa kwefa ngokushesha, ukunciphisa imfucuza, nokusebenza kwemishini okuthuthukisiwe. Kufanele futhi bacabangele umhlahlandlela ongenhla ukuze bakhethe okufanele kakhulu imishini yokufafaza ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemigqa yazo yokukhiqiza. Ukuze uthole okokusebenza kokusakaza okufa okuqinile futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside enikeza imikhiqizo ekwazi ukuphinda okukhethekile, vakashela Cooig.com.
