Amasistimu amaningi kagesi elanga ancike kugridi kagesi eyinhloko ukuze asebenze. Kodwa-ke, abanye abasebenza ngaphandle kwegridi futhi ngokuzimela; abizwa ngokuthi ama-off-grid solar PV systems.
Abanikazi bezindlu abaningi ngokungangabazeki bajabulela izinzuzo zikagesi ozikhiqizayo ongaxhunywanga kugridi, ngisho nalapho ugesi ucisha.
Le bhulogi izoxoxa ngokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lwamandla elanga angaphandle kwegridi nokuthi amabhizinisi angakhetha kanjani izingxenye zesistimu sonozungezilanga ngaphandle kwegridi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zamakhasimende.
Okuqukethwe
Ayini amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi, futhi kungani efuna?
Yiziphi izingxenye ezakha isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi?
Yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi?
Ekuphetheni
Ayini amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi, futhi kungani efuna?
Ngaphambi kokuchaza isistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle kwegridi, nakhu ukuqonda okucacile kwesistimu sonozungezilanga ekugridi yendabuko. Isistimu yelanga ekugridi incike kugridi kagesi—ugesi okwabelwana ngawo noma umthombo wamandla wensiza ohlinzekwa yisiteshi samandla esimaphakathi esihlinzeka abathengi. Ngakho-ke, igama elithi "on-grid."
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-off-grid solar system isebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokudinga igridi kagesi ukuyinika amandla. Kungakho kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-stand-alone power system (SAPS), futhi igama liphakamisa ukuthi ayisekho kugridi.
Isekela isidingo sayo ngamaqiniso athile, usayizi wemakethe ye-PV we-off-grid solar ngaphambilini wawulinganiselwa ku-USD 2.3 bhiliyoni ngo-2021. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kwawo okucatshangelwayo kulinganiselwa cishe I-CAGR ye-8.47% esikhathini sokubikezela phakathi kuka-2022 no-2030. Ngakho-ke, ikhula ngezinga elinempilo lokuqhubekisela phambili imakethe yamandla elanga phezulu.
Kodwa kungani amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi efuna kakhulu nakuba esebenza ngokuzimela? Izizathu eziyisisekelo zokukhula kokukhula kwemakethe yizizathu ezilandelayo:
Inikeza ukuxhumana okuzinzile
Ngokungafani namasistimu elanga akugridi, i-off-grid ayidingi igridi. Ngakho-ke, inganikeza ukuphuma kwamandla okuzinzile ngezikhathi zokunqamuka kukagesi. Ihambisana nomthamo wesistimu ngokuya ngesidingo samandla. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezine-voltage yegridi engazinzile, isidingo siphezulu.
Kulula ukuba nazo ezindaweni zasemakhaya
Ngokusekelwe ephuzwini langaphambilini, amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nakwezinye izindawo ezinokuntuleka okukhulu kukagesi. Kafushane nje, abanikazi bezindlu bakhetha ukuba nazo ngoba ziletha ubumfihlo noma kuphi lapho behlala khona futhi ziqeda noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngokuhlala endaweni engenawo amandla.
Kulula ukufaka futhi kuyabiza
Okokugcina, kulula kakhulu ukufaka i-off-grid ngoba ayincikile kumagridi kagesi. Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi angafakwa ezindaweni ezinendawo enkulu, njengophahla, uphahla lwe-carport, nophahla lwefekthri. Ekugcineni, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izinzuzo zezomnotho ezengeziwe kuyilapho yanelisa ukuzisebenzisela ugesi.
Yiziphi izingxenye ezakha isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi?
Abasebenzisi kufanele bazi ukuthi yini eyenza isistimu yamandla elanga engaphandle kwegridi ukuze bathole ukuqonda okungcono. Ngakho-ke, nazi izingxenye ezine ezidinga ukuthengwa ukwenza isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi.
Amapaneli weSolar
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ama-solar panel ayadingeka lapho kuhlanganiswa isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi. Amapaneli weSolar akhiwe ngamangqamuzana elanga abamba ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akuguqule kube ugesi. Kuye ngezidingo zamandla, abathengi banganquma inombolo edingekayo yamapaneli elanga ekhaya noma ehhovisi labo.
Ukuma kwama-solar panel kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukushuba okuhle kwelanga nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Kulula ukubeka nokufaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni oluvulekile. Nokho, ngesikhala esilinganiselwe, abathengi bangakwazi ukuzinza amaphaneli elanga asongekayo ngoba zinganyakaza futhi zizibeke ezindaweni ezifanele ukuze zimunce kahle ilanga.
I-inverter yamandla
Amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza amandla aqondile. Ngakho-ke umsinga ugcina ugeleza ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngamanye amazwi, iziguquli zamandla elanga ukusiza ukuguqula amandla aqondile abe ama-alternating current—ukuvumela abathengi ukuthi basebenzise izinto zikagesi ezimbalwa nezinto zikagesi ezindlini zabo.
Hlola ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bamazinga wattage ukuze uthole inverter yelanga ekahle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kukagesi ezihlukayo ukusuka kwelinye ikhaya ukuya kwelinye.
Ibhethri yesitoreji selanga
Ibhethri yokugcina ilanga lisebenza njengebhange, livumela ukugcinwa kukagesi oweqile okhiqizwa ama-solar panel. Ngenxa yalokho, iza kahle noma nini lapho izimo eziphuthumayo ezifana nokuwohloka kwegridi kwenzeka.
Iningi amabhethri elanga ziyi-lithium futhi zingabhekana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla zabathengi. Kodwa-ke, ukupakisha amabhethri amaningi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni umthamo wokugcina wesistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi.
Isilawuli secala elanga
Isilawuli seshaja yelanga siyingxenye yokugcina eyenza lonke uhlelo lwamandla elanga angaphandle kwegridi. Kuyidivayisi esiza ukugcina ukugeleza kwamandla kusuka kumaphaneli elanga kuya kumabhethri okugcina. Kuyasiza futhi ukuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile kanye nokulawula ukugeleza kwamanje ebusuku.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zezilawuli zokushaja. Enye ngeyakudala Isilawuli sokushaja se-PWM, esebenza njengeswishi. Okwesibili yi- Isilawuli sokushaja se-MPPT, idivayisi esekwe yesimanjemanje ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obuhlanganisiwe. Ngakho-ke, iyahleleka, ithuthukile, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi?
Nazi izici okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuthenga isistimu efanelekile yezithameli ezifanele.
Ukulinganisa izidingo zelanga zekhaya
Izidingo ze-solar zingahluka kuye ngekhaya. Ngakho, umthengi kuqala udinga ukuqonda isimo sendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanyanga zonke. Okulandelayo, linganisa inani lokukhanya kwelanga ngokwazi isilinganiso samahora ilanga eliwakhipha ngalo kuleyo ndawo. Ngaleyo ndlela, umuntu angathola izidingo ezithile zelanga zalelo khaya.
Ukunquma ngenani lamaphaneli elanga
Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zelanga, abathengi banganquma ngenani lamapaneli elanga abawadingayo. Ukwazi inani elifanele lamapaneli elanga kungancika ezintweni ezimbalwa, njengendawo yophahla, ukuma, ukukhanya kwelanga kuleyo ndawo, njll. Bala inani lamaphaneli elanga ikhasimende ngalinye eliqondiwe lingawadinga ngokusekelwe kulezi zici.
Ukuqonda umthelela wohlobo ngalunye lwebhethri
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukunqwabelanisa amabhethri amaningi kungasiza ukukhulisa amandla elanga le-off-grid system. Nokho, kungcono futhi ukukhetha ekahle uhlobo lwebhethri yelanga ngokuhlaziya ama-volts ngayinye. Uma i-voltage iphakeme, ukusebenza kangcono.
Ihlola iziqinisekiso
Ngempela, amawaranti ayasiza lapho kuhlanganiswa lezi zingxenye. Ngaleyo ndlela, umthengi angaqiniseka ukuthi ayasebenza futhi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphansi ezamukelekayo zohlelo lwamandla elanga angaphandle kwegridi. Cabangela iziqinisekiso zokufaka ezifika eminyakeni eyi-10.
Ukukhetha ikhithi yephaneli yelanga efanelekile engaphandle kwegridi
Okokugcina, uma ukuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye kuthatha isikhathi esiningi kunokulindelekile, kukhona indlela yokuthenga zonke ikhithi yesistimu yelanga engaphandle kwegridi. Phela, amakhithi amaningi enziwe ngomumo ahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zelanga futhi eza nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-inverters, izilawuli zokushaja, amabhethri okugcina, nama-solar panel.
Ekuphetheni
Amasistimu wamandla elanga angaphandle kwegridi anikeza abanikazi bezindlu inkululeko kugridi yamandla kagesi asetshenziswayo evamile, ebanikeza ukuzimela ohlelweni lwamandla oluvamile. Kuyindlela eco-friendly futhi eyonga amandla eya ngokuya iduma emhlabeni jikelele.
Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi alungele amazwe nezifunda ezinengqalasizinda yamandla ebuthakathaka, njenge-Afrika, Asia, neLatin America. Noma kunjalo, abanye abanikazi bezindlu ezifundeni ezithuthukisiwe e-Europe nase-United States abacabangela izinzuzo zokutshala izimali kanye nezimfuneko zamandla okusebenzisa ngokwakho bakhokhela amasistimu ayingxube.
