I-IBISWorld inikeza uhla lwezilinganiso ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa inzuzo, ye izinkulungwane zezimboni emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlukanisa isihloko esibanzi sokuhlaziywa kwenzuzo, yini engacatshangwa kulokhu nokuthi ukuhlaziywa phakathi kwezimboni kungase kwehluke kanjani.
Ngemva kokusungulwa kwenkampani, enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ukukhiqiza inzuzo. Ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalokhu, ukuthi inkampani ithole imali engaphezu kwaleyo eyisebenzisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola ukukhula kwebhizinisi lakho, ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela maqondana nenzuzo kubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ama-nuances angaphansi kwezitatimende zezezimali azonikeza ukuqonda okunemininingwane okwengeziwe ngenzuzo yenkampani.
Kuyini ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo?
Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo kusiza abaholi bebhizinisi ngokuhlonza izindlela zokwandisa inzuzo njengoba kuhlobana namaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene, izinhlelo noma imikhiqizo. Kuyinqubo yokuhlaziya ngokuhlelekile inzuzo etholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yemali engenayo yebhizinisi.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaziya inzuzo kucatshangwa ngokungalungile njengokuncika kuphela ezilinganisweni zenzuzo. Eqinisweni, incike kukho kokubili ukuhlaziya kwekhwalithi nokwamanani ukusiza abaholi bebhizinisi ekuqondeni umbono wonke. Nakuba ukuhlaziya inzuzo kunikeza ukucaca emibuzweni eminingi yobuningi, kuhlukile ngoba kungasiza futhi abaholi bamabhizinisi ukuthi babone ukuthi yimiphi imithombo yolwazi eyiqiniso kakhulu futhi ethembekile.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukuqonda kwekhwalithi yemali etholwayo yebhizinisi kubalulekile.
Okokuqala, ukuze inkampani yandise inzuzo, abaholi bamabhizinisi badinga ukuqonda abashayeli ababangela inzuzo yabo. Lokhu kusiza ekudaleni ukusebenza kahle ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza imali kanye nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kuphoqa ibhizinisi ukuthi liqhubeke nokuthola izindlela zokunciphisa imali engaphezulu nezinye izindleko ezithinta inzuzo.
Okwesibili, ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo kusiza ukuhlonza izindlela zokuthuthukisa izingxube zemikhiqizo ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo eseduze neyesikhathi eside. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlelwa kwesabelomali kwebhizinisi ngokuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi basebenze ukuze bakhe izinjongo eziphusile futhi bathole ukuthi lokhu kuzofinyelelwa kanjani.
Ikhono lokuhlonza kokubili imiksi yemikhiqizo yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside iphinde isekele ithimba labaphathi ekunqumeni ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko, uma zikhona, okudingeka zenziwe enkampanini.
Umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yikhono lokubona kusengaphambili ukuthengiswa kwesikhathi esizayo futhi unikeze ukuqonda ngezibalo zabantu bamakhasimende, izindawo zendawo kanye nezinhlobo zemikhiqizo engasetshenziswa ukuhlola inzuzo engaba khona. Lokhu kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abone inzuzo yomkhiqizo ngamunye, engasiza abaqhubi ukuthi bakhethe ukuqeda imikhiqizo ethile.
Okokugcina, ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo kuhlolisisa ubudlelwano namakhasimende nabathengisi. Lokhu kuhlonza ukuthi yimaphi amakhasimende anenzuzo enkulu futhi encane kakhulu nokuthi yibaphi abathengisi abanethonya elikhulu ekwenzeni inzuzo. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho kulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamakhasimende nabathengisi.
Izilinganiso zenzuzo
Izilinganiso zenzuzo zingamamethrikhi ezezimali asetshenziswa abahlaziyi nabatshalizimali ukukala nokuhlola ikhono lenkampani lokukhiqiza inzuzo ngokuqhathaniswa nenzuzo yayo, izimpahla zebhalansi, izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokulingana kwabanikazi bamasheya phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi.
Isilinganiso esiphezulu noma inani livame ukufiseleka eningini lamabhizinisi, njengoba lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi inkampani yenza kahle ngokukhiqiza imali engenayo, inzuzo kanye nokugeleza kwemali. Izilinganiso ziwusizo kakhulu uma zihlaziywa ngokuqhathaniswa nemboni ebanzi lapho inkampani isebenza khona noma iqhathaniswa nezikhathi zangaphambilini zesisebenzisi esifanayo.
Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezilinganiso zenzuzo: izilinganiso ze-margin kanye nezilinganiso zembuyiselo. Izilinganiso ze-margin zimelela ikhono lebhizinisi lokuguqula ukuthengisa kube inzuzo ngamadigri ahlukahlukene okulinganisa. Izilinganiso zembuyiselo zimelela ikhono lebhizinisi lokukhiqiza imbuyiselo kubanikazi bamasheya balo.
Imajini yenzuzo ephelele
I-gross profit margin ikhombisa imali engenayo ngemva kokususa izindleko zezimpahla ezithengiswe ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni. Izindleko zezimpahla ezithengiswayo yinani elibiza inkampani ukukhiqiza izimpahla noma amasevisi ewadayisayo. I-gross margin iyinkomba yokuthi ibhizinisi liyingenisa kahle kanjani imali engenayo ngezindleko eziqondile, ezifana nomsebenzi oqondile nezinto ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo namasevisi.
Umkhawulo wenzuzo yokusebenza
Umkhawulo wenzuzo yokusebenza uhlola umholo njengephesenti lokudayiswa ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe izindleko zenzalo nentela engenayo. Amabhizinisi anezilinganiso eziphezulu zenzuzo yokusebenza ngokuvamile akuhlomele kangcono ukukhokhela izindleko ezingaguquki kanye nenzalo ezibophweni, anamathuba angcono okusinda ekuwohlokeni komnotho futhi akwazi ukunikeza amanani aphansi kunalabo abaqhudelana nabo abanemali ephansi yenzuzo.
Isilinganiso senzuzo yokusebenza ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla abaphathi bebhizinisi, njengoba ukuphatha okuhle kungathuthukisa kakhulu inzuzo yebhizinisi ngokuphatha izindleko zalo zokusebenza.
i-net profit margin
Isilinganiso senzuzo yonke sinikeza isithombe sokugcina mayelana nokuthi ibhizinisi linenzuzo kangakanani ngemva kokuba zonke izindleko, okuhlanganisa inzalo nezintela, sezibakiwe. Isizathu sokusebenzisa i-net profit margin lapho uhlaziya inzuzo ukuthi kubhekwa yonke into, okuhlanganisa nezindleko. Ububi bokusebenzisa umkhawulo wenzuzo yonke ekuhlaziyeni, ukuthi kuhlanganisa okuningi okuguquguqukayo okungajwayelekile okungasho ukuthrenda, njengezindleko zesikhathi esisodwa kanye nezinzuzo, okwenza kube nzima ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kwebhizinisi nezimbangi zalo embonini yalo.
Imajini yokugeleza kwemali
Imajini yokungena nokuphuma kwemali iveza ubudlelwano phakathi kwemali ephumayo yenkampani evela emisebenzini yokusebenza nokuthengisa (noma imali engenayo). Ikala ikhono lebhizinisi lokuguqula ukuthengisa kube ukheshi. Lapho likhuphuka iphesenti lokungena nokuphuma kwemali, yilapho imali eningi etholakalayo ekuthengisweni ukuze ikhokhele abahlinzeki, izabelo, izinsiza kanye nesikweletu sesevisi, kanye nokuthenga izimpahla ezinkulu.
Nokho, ukungena kwemali okungekuhle, kusho ukuthi noma ngabe ibhizinisi likhiqiza ukuthengisa noma inzuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi lisalahlekelwa yimali. Esimweni senkampani engenamali okwanele, inkampani ingase ikhethe ukuboleka izimali noma ukukhulisa imali ngabatshalizimali ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza.
Ngemva kokuhlola kuqala incazelo nokubala okusetshenziselwa imajini yokugeleza kwemali, manje sizobheka izimboni ezimbili ezihlukene. Amamajini okugeleza kwemali okuqondene nemboni angatholakala ngaphakathi Izilinganiso Zezimali Zomkhakha we-IBISWorld.
Ngo-2020-21, i- Imboni yezindawo zokudlela ezinesevisi ephelele e-UK ube nemali engenayo engu-11%, kanti Imboni yamahhotela ibe nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwemali esiphezulu esingu-28% ngonyaka ofanayo. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso zenzuzo zivame ukusetshenziswa kangcono lapho kuhlolwa imboni efanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma inkampani eyodwa uma iqhathaniswa nemboni ebanzi.
Ukuphathwa kokungena nokuphuma kwemali kubalulekile uma ibhizinisi lifisa ukuphumelela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugeleza kwemali okwanele njalo kunciphisa izindleko futhi kwenza inkampani ikwazi ukusizakala nganoma iyiphi inzuzo eyengeziwe noma amathuba okukhula angase avele. Isibonelo, ibhizinisi elinokungena nokuphuma kwemali okunempilo lingagwema izinkokhelo zokukhokha sekwephuzile, kuyilapho liphinde lisebenzise ithuba lokuthenga ngesaphulelo esikhulu uhlu lwezimpahla ezincintisana naye uma liphuma ebhizinisini.
Buyisela emalini
I-Return on equity (ROE) iveza iphesenti lensalela yemali engenayo uma iqhathaniswa nenani labanikazi bamasheya noma izinga lembuyiselo emalini leyo abatshalizimali bezabelo abayibeka ebhizinisini. Isilinganiso se-ROE yisona esibukwa ikakhulukazi abahlaziyi bemakethe yamasheya kanye nabatshalizimali.
Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-ROE sivame ukushiwo njengesizathu sokuthenga amasheya noma ubunikazi bebhizinisi. Izinkampani ezinembuyiselo ephezulu ekulinganeni ngokuvamile ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukheshi ngaphakathi ngakho-ke azincikile ekuxhasweni kwezikweletu.
Buyela emalini etshaliwe
I-Return on invested capital (ROIC) isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi ekwabeni imali engaphansi kokulawula kwayo kutshalomali olunenzuzo. Futhi kuyisilinganiso sembuyiselo ekhiqizwa yibo bonke abahlinzeki bemali, okuhlanganisa kokubili abanikazi bamabhondi nabanikazi bamasheya. Ifana nesilinganiso se-ROE kodwa ihlanganisa konke kububanzi bayo, njengoba ihlanganisa imbuyiselo ephuma emalini enikezwa abanikazi bamabhondi. I-ROIC inikeza umuzwa wokuthi inkampani isebenzisa kahle kangakanani imali yayo ukwenza inzuzo.
Ububi bokusebenzisa i-ROIC ukuthi ayinikezi ukuqonda mayelana nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yebhizinisi ekhiqiza inani. Uma wenza ukubala ngokusekelwe emalini eyinsalela susa izabelo, umphumela ungase ungacaci nakakhudlwana, njengoba ukubuyisela kungase kutholakale emcimbini owodwa, ongaphindeki.
Buyisela emalini esetshenzisiwe
I-Return on capital employed (ROCE) isilinganiso senzuzo esikala ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi ekusebenziseni imali yalo ukwenza inzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, lesi silinganiso singasiza ukuqonda ukuthi inkampani yenza kahle kangakanani inzuzo ngenhloko-dolobha yayo njengoba isetshenziswa.
I-ROCE ingaba wusizo ikakhulukazi lapho iqhathanisa ukusebenza kwezinkampani ezimbonini ezidinga imali enkulu, njenge Ukukhiqiza Ugesi futhi Izithwali Zezokuxhumana Ezinezintambo izimboni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinto eziyisisekelo njenge-ROE, ehlaziya kuphela inzuzo ehlobene nokulingana kwabanikazi bamasheya benkampani, i-ROCE ibheka isikweletu nokulingana. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwezimali ezinkampanini ezinezikweletu ezinkulu.
Buyisela inani lempahla
I-Return on total assets (ROTA) ikala izinzuzo zebhizinisi ngaphambi kwenzalo nezintela (EBIT) ngokuhlobene nengqikithi yezimpahla zayo zizonke. Kuchazwa njengesilinganiso esiphakathi kwemali engenayo nesamba sempahla eyisilinganiso, noma inani lemali engenayo yokusebenza inkampani elitholayo onyakeni wezimali uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sengqikithi yempahla yaleyo nkampani.
I-ROTA ithathwa njengenkomba yokuthi ibhizinisi lizisebenzisa ngempumelelo kangakanani izimpahla zalo ukuze lingenise imali. I-EBIT isetshenziswa esikhundleni senzuzo yonke ukuze kugcinwe imethrikhi igxile emalini etholwayo yokusebenza ngaphandle kwethonya lomehluko wentela noma wezezimali uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhakha wenkampani.
Uma inzuzo yebhizinisi iba nkulu ngokulingana nempahla yalo, kulapho ibhizinisi kuthiwa lisebenzisa impahla yalo ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke i-ROTA ivumela inhlangano ukuthi ihlole ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinsiza zayo kanye nemali engenayo.
Ngokwemikhawulo lapho usebenzisa i-ROTA, inani lempahla lingase linciphe noma lenyuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Endabeni yendawo noma yendawo, inani lempahla lingakhuphuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingcezu eziningi zemishini zebhizinisi, njengezimoto noma eminye imishini, ngokuvamile ziyehla njengoba ukuguga kuthinta inani lazo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusizakala kwe-ROTA kungase kuhluke phakathi kwezimboni ezincike ezimpahleni eziphethwe.
Ngemva kokubuka kuqala ifomula ye-ROTA nokuthi ihlanganisani, ake sibheke izimboni ezimbili ezihlukene. I-ROTA eqondene nomkhakha nayo ingatholakala ngaphakathi Izilinganiso Zezimali Zomkhakha we-IBISWorld.
Ngo-2020-21, i- Imboni Yezokwakha Izindlu Zokuhlala e-UK ibe ne-ROTA engama-23%, kanti i Imboni yokushicilela amaphephandaba ibe ne-ROTA ka-4% ngonyaka ofanayo. Yize kunemikhawulo ethile ekusebenziseni i-ROTA, ukuhlola lezi zibalo singasho ukuthi phakathi no-2020-21, imboni Yokwakha Izakhiwo Zokuhlala yasebenzisa impahla yayo ngempumelelo kakhulu kunomkhakha Wokushicilela Amaphephandaba. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso zenzuzo zivame ukusetshenziswa kangcono lapho kuhlolwa imboni efanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma inkampani eyodwa uma iqhathaniswa nemboni ebanzi.
Ezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya inzuzo
Nakuba ngokuyinhloko sigxile ezilinganisweni zenzuzo njengethuluzi elisetshenziswa ekuhlaziyeni inzuzo, kunezinye izinhlobo zezindlela zokuhlaziya ezifanele ukukhulunyelwa ngenhlonipho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yamakhasimende (CPA) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi.
I-CPA ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi anqume yonke inzuzo ekhiqizwa yikhasimende. Amakhasimende anenzuzo enza imali engenayo enkulu kunezindleko zokuthola kwawo, ukuthengisa nokuphakela. Uma amabhizinisi egxile kakhulu emikhiqizweni, eminyangweni nasezindaweni zamahhovisi, avame ukungagxili kumakhasimende. Ngenxa yalokho, la mabhizinisi ngokuvamile kufanele athwale izindleko zokugcina amakhasimende angenanzuzo, okuyinto elimaza inkampani.
I-CPA yenza izinkampani zihlole amakhasimende azo futhi zazi ukuthi kuzuzisa kangakanani ukuthi zigcine amakhasimende. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, banganquma ngezindleko zokubaphakela noma bazigcine njengekhasimende. Kufakazelwe ukuthi usayizi wekhasimende awulingani ngokuqondile nenzuzo yalo. Akuvamile ukuthi ngisho namakhasimende amakhulu agcine engasenanzuzo ebhizinisini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yenzuzo iyithuluzi locwaningo elisetshenziswa amabhizinisi ukuhlaziya inani lilonke lenhlangano ngokusekelwe kunkomba engenakulinganiswa. Ngokuphambene, izinkomba ezingenakubalwa zingaba ulwazi lwezinto ezingaphakathi kwenhlangano, njengomjikelezo wemboni yabo, ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha, ukuphendula imibuzo, amandla emisebenzi yebhizinisi, ubudlelwano babasebenzi noma ukubonakala kwazo ngaphakathi kwabezindaba.
Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi kuyahluka ekuhlaziyweni kobuningi ngokwesilinganiso. Eyangaphambili ilinganisa ulwazi olungezona izinombolo, kuyilapho eyakamuva ikala idatha yezinombolo njengezinombolo esitatimendeni semali engenayo, ibhalansi noma isitatimende sokugeleza kwemali.
Ezimweni eziningi, kokubili ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi nokwamanani kuzosetshenziswa ndawonye ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi umkhondo webhizinisi namandla, kokubili okuyizinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukunquma amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali.
Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya inzuzo
Usufinyelele ekugcineni. Siyakuhalalisela! Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo.
Uma kukhona okufundile kulo mhlahlandlela, ukuthi ezinye izilinganiso zenzuzo ziyasikwa futhi zome kuyilapho ezinye ziza nezimbalwa ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola ukuhlaziya inzuzo ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso kusho ukubheka amabhentshimakhi ezinga lomkhakha- noma wemboni ukuze wenze iziphetho ezifanele mayelana nenkampani.
Zivelaphi lezi zilinganiso zenzuzo?
Sikhulume izilinganiso ezimbalwa ezivamile zenzuzo ezimbonini ezithile noma emikhakheni ethile, kodwa kunenani elikhulu lezimboni nezincane ezikhona, okwenza kube nokuhlukahluka okuningi. Ngenhlanhla i-IBISWorld ikuhlanganise nezinkulungwane Imibiko Yocwaningo Lwezimboni lokho kunikeza izilinganiso zezezimali ezibalulekile udinga.
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