Igama elithi i-crowdfunding isenzo sokuqongelela imali ngabantu abaningi abenza iminikelo emincane kumbangela, noma ibhizinisi.
Umqondo wokuqongelela imali awumusha, kodwa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-GoFundMe ne-Kickstarter zenze le nqubo yaba lula. Imikhankaso ye-crowdfunding ephumelelayo iyanda minyaka yonke. Ngokuvumelana ne izifundo zocwaningo ezenziwa ngu-Fully, imikhankaso ye-crowdfunding eyizigidi ezingu-6.4 ibone izinga lempumelelo elimaphakathi elingamaphesenti angu-22.4.
Uma ufuna ukufunda indlela yokuqongelela imali yebhizinisi futhi ufuna izindlela zokubamba imikhankaso ephumelelayo yokuqoqa imali ngokuqala kwakho, khona-ke le ndatshana ingeyakho.
Okuqukethwe
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-crowdfunding
Izinyathelo zokuqala umkhankaso wokuqoqa imali ngabantu abaningi
Qala umkhankaso wakho we-crowdfunding
Izibonelo zemikhankaso ye-crowdfunding eyimpumelelo
Indlela yokwenza imali yebhizinisi: ukuya phambili
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-crowdfunding
I-crowdfunding ngesiqalo sakho ikuvumela ukuthi uhehe abatshalizimali ngaphandle kwezinqubo zebhange eziqinile, kuyilapho ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine ubunikazi bokuqalisa kwakho. Ngakho-ke uma ubheke ukukhulisa imali uguqule imibono yakho ibe ngokoqobo, nansi indlela imikhankaso yokuqoqa imali engakusiza ngayo:
Uxhaso oluguquguqukayo: Ukuthola uxhaso lwezimali kunzima emabhizinisini aqalayo. Amabhange ama-Conservative angase abe manqikanqika ukunikeza imalimboleko kwabaqalayo abanemibono engahloliwe. Ngakho-ke umkhankaso ophumelelayo wokuthola imali kubantu abaningi ungavuza kakhulu kunezindlela ezivamile zokuthola imali.
Yakha okulandelayo: Ukulandela okuqinile ngaphambi kokuqala ibhizinisi kuyinzuzo enkulu. Umkhankaso wokusiza abantu abaningi uhlanganiswe nenkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nabezindaba ungakhulisa abalandeli abaqotho.
Iqinisekisa imibono yakho: I-Crowdfunding iyindlela enhle yocwaningo lwemakethe. Ukubuka kuqala kokuthi abathengi bazosabela kanjani kumikhiqizo namasevisi. Osomabhizinisi bangawathuthukisa ngemva kwempendulo.
Unalezi zinzuzo ze-crowdfunding engqondweni, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ungakwazi kanjani ukuqoqa imali ekuqaleni kwakho.
Izinyathelo zokuqala umkhankaso wokuqoqa imali ngabantu abaningi
Noma ubani angaqala umkhankaso wakhe wokuthola imali ngesixuku ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula. Ukuze wenze kanjalo, kufanele:
1. Nquma ngomkhiqizo noma isevisi
Ngesinyathelo sokuqala, kufanele uhlose ukuqonda ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo noma isevisi abantu abayidingayo futhi udale okuthile okugcwalisa leso sidingo. Ukucwaninga imakethe eqondiwe kanye nabatshalizimali bakho abangaba yisiqalo esihle. Ukusabela kwabo emikhiqizweni noma ezinsizeni kuzonikeza ukubuka kuqala kwempendulo yemakethe.
Uhlelo lwebhizinisi kufanele lube nemininingwane yemikhiqizo noma amasevisi ahlinzekwayo nokuthi kungani abantu kufanele batshale kuwo. Kufanele futhi igqamise ukuthi yini eyenza umkhiqizo uhluke kweminye ekhona. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise nokuba nesu elicacile lokubeka uphawu lomkhiqizo, elingenza abangaba abatshalizimali balangazelele ukuxhasa ibhizinisi lakho.
Osomabhizinisi kufanele futhi bazise abatshalizimali ukuthi badinga malini nokuthi banikela ngani njengembuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngaphandle kwalapho umkhankaso usekelwe emnikelweni, kungaba ukulingana, imiklomelo, noma inzalo yemalimboleko. Noma ngabe iyini, kufanele ihanjiswe futhi ibahehe ukuthi batshale imali.
2. Khetha uhlobo lwe-crowdfunding
Izindlela zomkhankaso wokuqoqa imali usomabhizinisi azikhethayo zincike ohlotsheni lwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo abazinikezayo, kanye nezinhloso zabo zokukhula. Kungaba yinoma yikuphi kokulandelayo:
Iminikelo
Lapha, abantu banikeza imali ngaphandle kokulindela ukubuyiselwa okuthile ngoba bakholelwa kuphrojekthi yakho. Iminikelo ingakusiza ukuthi uqoqe izimali ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokuletha izinzuzo zokutshala izimali.
Equity-based
I-crowdfunding esekelwe ku-Equity iklomelisa abatshalizimali ngamasheya enkampani (ukulingana) ngokusekelwe ekutheni batshala malini, ibakhuthaze ukuthi batshale kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amapulatifomu e-crowdfunding avumela lolu hlobo lokutshala imali.
Loans
Lolu hlobo loxhaso luvumela abantu ukuthi banikeze imali ebolekiwe esekelwe kwinzalo kwabaqalayo ngethemba lokubuyiselwa emuva kwesikhathi esithile. Izinga lenzalo ye-crowdfunding liphansi uma liqhathaniswa namabhange futhi ukukhokha kuvumelana nezimo.
imivuzo
Njengembuyiselo yokusekelwa kwabo, abatshalizimali bathola okuqukethwe okukhethekile, okuthengiswayo, izaphulelo, njll. Osomabhizinisi bangasebenzisa imiklomelo ukwakha nokugcina ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu nabatshalizimali. Ukunikeza imiklomelo njengokuthengiswayo okwenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kungenza ukusebenzelana kube okomuntu siqu kakhulu.
3. Khetha inkundla efanele ye-crowdfunding
Yize zikhona izinkundla ezimbalwa zokuqoqa imali, ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi ozozisebenzisa emkhankasweni wakho kungase kube nzima. Kufanele ucabangele:
- Inhloso yomkhankaso wakho
- Imigomo yakho yokugcina i-crowdfunding, futhi uma inkundla isekela amaphrojekthi anjalo noma yenze njalo esikhathini esidlule
- Imodeli yeplathifomu ye-crowdfunding noma isakhiwo
- Izinkokhelo zenkundla ye-crowdfunding yeminikelo nokuhlosiwe okugejiwe kanye neminye imigomo nemibandela
- Izinketho zokukhokha ezitholakalayo kanye nenqubomgomo yembuyiselo
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweplathifomu ye-crowdfunding nezinketho zokusekela
- Imikhawulo yenkundla nemithethonqubo
Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuthi umkhankaso wakho wokuthola imali kubantu abaningi uqala ngonyawo olufanele ukuze ugweme ukuhlehla maqondana nesikhathi, umzamo kanye nezinsiza.
Unalokhu emqondweni, nazi izinkundla ezintathu ezidumile zokuqoqa imali kubantu abaqalayo.
GoFundMe
I-GoFundMe iyinkundla eyaziwa kakhulu yokuqongelela abantu ngemali enabanikeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50. Inkundla ikhulise ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-5 zamaRandi emhlabeni jikelele futhi ingesinye sezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqongelela imali yomuntu siqu.
buhle
- Igxile ezimbangela ezisekelwe kubantu.
- Bavumela abantu ukuthi bagcine lokho abakuqoqile ngisho noma bengafinyeleli emigomeni ebalulwe emikhankasweni yabo yokuxhasa ngemali.
bawo
- Amazinga empumelelo aphansi emikhankaso exhaswe ngokugcwele.
I-Kickstarter
I-Kickstarter ixhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi okudala afana namahlaya, imifanekiso, ubuciko, imidlalo, umculo, njll.
Iningi lama-fundraiser linikeza imiklomelo, kodwa abantu banganikela emabhizinisini abafuna ukuwasekela. Inkundla ayivumeli osomabhizinisi ukuthi banikeze ngokulinganayo.
buhle
- Izigidi zezivakashi ngenyanga.
- Osomabhizinisi bagcina isigxobo sobunikazi ngoba inkundla ayinikezi ukulingana.
bawo
- Uma izimali eziqoqiwe zingafinyeleli umgomo wephrojekthi, inkundla ibuyisela yonke into kubanikeli.
Indiegogo
I-Indiegogo ekuqaleni ibiyinkundla yokuqongelela imali egxile emculweni, kodwa isiguqukile ukuze ifake amaphrojekthi afana nezempilo, ukuqina, kanye nokukhiqiza.
Banikeza izandiso zomkhankaso, iseluleko sochwepheshe, nezinye izinsiza.
buhle
- Umkhankaso wezinketho ezisekelwe kumvuzo nokulingana.
- Inketho yoxhaso olungaguquki noma oluguquguqukayo. Osomabhizinisi bangakhetha ukugcina imali abayiqoqile noma bayibuyisele uma umgomo ungafinyelelwa.
bawo
- Inani elikhulu lemikhankaso lingenza kube nzima ukugqama.
Ngokuthola imali kulezi zinkundla, abaqalayo bangasheshisa iphrojekthi yabo ngokushesha kunendlela yendabuko.
Qala umkhankaso wakho we-crowdfunding
Ukwenza umkhankaso wakho uphumelele kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngokuhlela kahle, isu, nokumaketha okuhle uzokwazi ukukhulisa ukuqala kwakho kube yibhizinisi elizinzile, lesikhathi eside. Lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zingakusiza ukuthi uqalise ngokuzethemba ukuze uthole uxhaso oludingayo:
1. Yenza amalungiselelo anemininingwane
Imikhankaso ephumelelayo yokuthola imali yabantu abaningi inezingxenye eziningi ezihlangene ezinomthelela empumelelweni yayo. Lezi zinto zivumela imizamo yakho yokumaketha ukuthi ikhanye ukuze uhehe abatshalizimali abahamba phambili.
Nakhu ukuthi ungaqala kanjani:
Khetha isihloko esicacile: Khetha isihloko esicacile nesifushane ukuze ubambe ukunaka kwabantu. Abatshalizimali abangaba khona banemikhankaso eminingi abangakhetha kuyo, ngakho ufuna baqonde ngokushesha ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho limayelana nani.
Isihloko somkhankaso kufanele sifake igama lephrojekthi, ukuthi iyini ngamagama alula, nokuthi yini ehlukile ngayo.
Dala iphimbo: I-pitch yosomabhizinisi inikeza imininingwane yebhizinisi labo, okuhlanganisa ukuthi kungani libalulekile, nokuthi kungani abantu kufanele batshale imali. Shaya amaphuzu abalulekile ngamandla futhi ngokushesha. Dala ukuxhumana komuntu siqu nabatshalizimali ngokubhala izindaba zomuntu siqu ekhophini yakho. Uma kuyizwi levidiyo, vela kulo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi bayalizwa iphimbo lakho.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ividiyo noma iphimbo elibhaliwe liwuchwepheshe. I-pitch kufanele ifake izincomo ezivela kwizibalo zeziphathimandla ku-niche yakho, uma kungenzeka.
Zibekele umgomo ocacile wokuqongelela imali: Ukusetha umgomo wokuqongelela imali kuncike enjongweni yomkhankaso. Kungaba ukuqoqa izimali noma ukuhlola ukusabela kwemakethe emikhiqizweni. Zibekele umgomo ofanelekile wokuqongelela imali. Uma liphezulu kakhulu, osomabhizinisi bangase bethuse abatshalizimali. Abatshalizimali bazobona ukuthi bawufinyelele umgomo wabo futhi bayeke ukunikela uma liphansi kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, osomabhizinisi ngeke bandise imali yabo.
Amazinga we-Perk: Nikeza imiklomelo eyahlukene ukuze ukhuthaze abasekelayo ukuthi batshale imali kumkhiqizo wakho. Abaqalayo bangalungisa umvuzo wokuthi batshala malini. Kungaba ukuvuma esidlangalaleni ukwesekwa kwabo noma ukunikeza izikibha ezinophawu, izikhwama, njll.
Ukuqala kunganikeza abasekeli ukufinyelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezaphulelo emikhiqizweni. Bangakwazi futhi ukunikeza ukufinyelela emicimbini yomkhiqizo ekhethekile kanye nokubonisana nomuntu oyedwa.
Ukukhiqizwa: Mingaki imikhiqizo abafuna ukuyenza? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhiqiza? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola i-oda labo? Abaqalayo kufanele bacabangele lezi zici ukuze babe nesilinganiso esiqinile somugqa wabo wesikhathi wokukhiqiza.
Futhi, engeza isikhathi esengeziwe uma kuba nokubambezeleka okungalindelekile futhi wazise abatshalizimali uma kwenzeka ngomugqa wesikhathi obuyekeziwe.
Ukuthunyelwa kanye nokugcwaliseka: Ngaphambi kokwenza izithembiso kubasekeli, abaqalayo kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi abakhiqizi bangathumela endaweni yabo. Badinga ukulungiselela ukuthumela ngobuningi kubasekeli. Ingabe banayo inkampani yenethiwekhi? Ingabe bayazazi izindleko zokuposa? Ukuhlela kungasiza ukugcwalisa imiklomelo kanye nezikhathi ezithenjiswe abasekeli.
Ezezimali: Qasha i-accountant enekhono ukusiza ukuphatha imali engenayo kanye nezindleko phakathi nomkhankaso. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uthuthukise izinzuzo zomkhankaso, izintela, nokugeleza kwemali.
Xhumana nabasekeli: Osomabhizinisi kumele bazise abatshalizimali ngenqubekela phambili yabo ngoba lokhu kwakha ukwethembana kubo. Sebenzisa izincwadi zezindaba ze-imeyili ukuze unikeze izibuyekezo zokubambezeleka okungalindelekile kanye nezingqinamba. Kufanele ifake izindaba ezimayelana noxhaso olubalulekile, ukuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, nokunye.
Uhlelo olucatshangelwe kahle lwaso sonke isiteji somkhankaso lungasiza osomabhizinisi bakhe isu elizoba negalelo empumelelweni yalo.
2. Dala isu lokuphromotha
Ngaphandle kokuphromotha umkhankaso, iziqalo ngeke zikwazi ukukunikeza ukuchayeka okwengeziwe okudingayo. Okulandelayo izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhangisa umkhankaso wokuqoqa imali kubantu abaningi:
ezokuxhum
Sebenzisa izindaba ukukhuthaza umkhankaso wakho ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Kufanele ibuyekeze abantu ngokuqhubeka komkhankaso. Gcina izindaba zimfushane futhi uzihlukanise zibe izahluko ezihlukene ngoba kunzima ukugcina ukunaka kwabasebenzisi isikhathi eside.
Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izithombe nevidiyo oyithumelayo ixoxa indaba, futhi usebenzise imizwa ukuheha abasebenzisi.
Chaza indaba yomkhiqizo, ukuthi uqhamuke kanjani nombono nokuthi kungani umkhiqizo ubalulekile kuwe. Gqamisa izinzuzo zakho izilaleli ezihlosiwe futhi ucele abasekelayo ngokuqondile ukuze bakusekele. Batshele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi kungani udinga ukusekelwa nge-crowdfunding nokuthi uzoyisebenzisa kanjani imali. Futhi, faka imiklomelo ekhanga kakhulu yokuheha abasekelayo ukuthi batshale imali.
Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa abagqugquzeli ukukhuthaza izindaba ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Cindezela futhi PR
Thumela umkhankaso ku-TV, umsakazo, namabhulogi. Okusatshalaliswa kwabezindaba kuzosabalalisa izindaba ngalo msebenzi. Qinisekisa ukuthi banemininingwane yephrojekthi futhi ufake izixhumanisi zenkundla yomkhankaso.
Isikhathi sibalulekile, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi sisekuqaleni noma ekupheleni komkhankaso. Uma abezindaba bethatha umkhankaso, osomabhizinisi bangabelana ngendaba nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Ukukhangisa okukhokhelwe
Ngemva kokuqeda zonke izinsiza zokuphromotha zamahhala, uma kukhona imali eyengeziwe yokukhokhela izikhangiso ze-TV, umsakazo, noma zenkundla yezokuxhumana, kwenze. Khetha imidiya ezofinyelela ngempumelelo emakethe yakho ohlosiwe.
Ukuphromotha kubalulekile. Noma ngabe umkhiqizo muhle kangakanani, umkhankaso ngeke uphumelele uma abantu bengawuboni.
Izibonelo zemikhankaso ye-crowdfunding eyimpumelelo
Thatha ugqozi ezibonelweni ezilandelayo ezinezici zomkhiqizo ezihlukile ezibe negalelo empumelelweni yemikhankaso:
1. I-Oculus Rift
I-Oculus ihedisethi ye-virtual-reality ebeka abadlali emidlalweni. Umsunguli, uPalmer Luckey, wayeneminyaka engu-20 lapho ecabanga ngakho.
Umkhankaso wokusiza abantu abaningi uqale ku-Kickstarter ngo-2012, inhloso bekungu-$350k kodwa wanyusa u-$2.4 million ngezinsuku ezingu-30. Lo mkhankaso uthi ingeyokuqala yamahedisethi e-VR egxilile ngempela, okungenzeka ukuthi ibe nomthelela empumelelweni yawo. I-Facebook ithenge inkampani ngo-2014 nge-$ 2 billion.
2. I-Canary Smart Home Security
Umkhankaso weCanary Smart Home Security waqala ngo-2013. Baqoqe ngempumelelo u-$1.4 million ku-Indiegogo ezinsukwini ezingu-34.
Umkhiqizo unekhamera ye-HD nezinzwa eziningi ezilandelela ukunyakaza, izinga lokushisa, nekhwalithi yomoya. Ungakwazi futhi ukuyilawula ngomakhalekhukhwini. Ukunethezeka komkhiqizo yikhona okube nesandla empumelelweni yawo, nokwenza wagqama.
Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi impumelelo yomkhankaso incike ekhonweni lesiqalisi sokuthwebula izintshisekelo zabantu ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi.
Indlela yokwenza imali yebhizinisi: ukuya phambili
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani imali yebhizinisi, ungaqhubeka futhi uqale umkhankaso wakho wokuqoqa imali.
Ngaphambi kokuqala umkhankaso, funda emikhankasweni ekhona ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uthola uxhaso oludingayo. Uhlelo olucacile olwenziwe ngocwaningo olunzulu lungakulungiselela impumelelo. Zibekele imigomo ongayifinyelela futhi uyihlukanise ibe izigaba ukuze ungakhungatheki. Yakha ithimba eliphumelelayo ukuze uhlukanise futhi uthathe imisebenzi ukuze ukwazi ukufeza izinjongo zakho ngempumelelo kakhudlwana
Ngaphambi komkhankaso, hlela ukugcwaliseka ngokucwaninga izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola imikhiqizo yakho kwabangase babe ngabasekeli. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kholelwa kuphrojekthi yakho, khetha inkundla efanele yokuxhumana nezinjongo zakho kwabangase babe abatshalizimali, bese ulenza libe ngokoqobo ngokusebenza kanzima nokubekezela.
