Umuntu akakwazi ukuqhuba ibhizinisi ngaphandle kokucabangela imali engenayo. Ingaphezu nje kwenombolo esitatimendeni sezimali—iyisisekelo sayo yonke into eyenziwa ngamabhizinisi. Into yokuqala abatshalizimali ababuza ngayo, indlela yokuphila yokukhokhela iqembu, kanye nesiqalo sokuhlela ukukhula.
Ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile kwemali engenayo, amabhizinisi azobe engaboni kahle. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukubala imali engenayo akuyona isayensi yerokhethi. Uma abanikazi bamabhizinisi sebeqonda izisekelo, kuba lula kunalokho abangakucabanga. Sesikushilo lokho, ukubala imali engenayo akulula njengoba kubonakala. Inqubo ingahluka kuye ngemodeli yebhizinisi, noma ngabe amabhrendi athengisa imikhiqizo, amasevisi, noma okubhaliselwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela uzokuhambisa ekubaleni imali engenayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuhlinzeka ngezibonelo zomhlaba wangempela, namathiphu okwabelana ukuze uqinisekise izibalo ezinembile. Ekugcineni, uzobe usulungele ukuphatha izimali zebhizinisi lakho ngokuzethemba.
Okuqukethwe
Iyini imali engenayo, futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Ifomula eyisisekelo yokubala imali engenayo
Ukubalwa kwemali engenayo yamamodeli ebhizinisi ahlukene
4 ukulungiswa okuvamile ekubalweni kwemali engenayo
Amamethrikhi abalulekile emali engenayo azolandelwa
Ukuhlanganisa
Iyini imali engenayo, futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Ake siqale ngezisekelo. Imali engenayo yokuthengisa iyisamba senani elitholwa yibhizinisi ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi alo. Kucabange “njengomugqa ophezulu,” isibalo sokuqala esitatimendeni semali engenayo. Ayifani nenzuzo—inzuzo iyona esele ngemva kokukhipha izindleko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali engenayo inika amabhizinisi ukubuka okungahleliwe kokuthi ingakanani imali engenayo abayenzayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale noma yini enye.
Iyini imali engenayo isiyonke?
Imali engenayo iyonke ihlanganisa yonke into ibhizinisi eliyitholayo ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi, okuhlanganisa imali evela kweminye imithombo efana nokukhangisa, impumelelo yamakhasimende, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Ivamise ukuba phezulu kunemali engenayo yokuthengisa ngoba ihlanganisa imali engenayo evela kuyo yonke imithombo yemali engenayo, okusho ukuthi inesibalo esihluke kancane kunemali engenayo yokuthengisa.
Kungani imali engenayo ibalulekile?
Cabanga uhlelela ikusasa lebhizinisi ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yimalini elilethayo. Akwenzeki, akunjalo? Imali engenayo iyisiqalo cishe sazo zonke izinqumo zezezimali, kusukela kubhajethi nokuqasha ukuya ekubikezelweni kokukhula. Futhi kungenye yezinombolo ezibalulekile abatshalizimali nababolekisi abazibhekayo lapho bethatha isinqumo sokuthi baxhase ibhizinisi yini.
Ifomula eyisisekelo yokubala imali engenayo yokuthengisa
Emabhizinisini amaningi, ifomula yemali engenayo ilula kakhulu:
Imali yokuthengisa = Amayunithi Athengisiwe × Isilinganiso Sentengo Yokuthengisa (ASP)
Ake sikuhlukanise lokho:
- Amayunithi athengisiwe: Mingaki imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ibhizinisi elithengiswe phakathi nenkathi.
- Intengo Emaphakathi Yokuthengisa (ASP): Isilinganiso samabhizinisi senani sithengisa iyunithi ngayinye ngemva kwezaphulelo namaphromoshini.
Isibonelo, uma isitolo semfashini sithengisa izikibha ezingama-500 ngenani elimaphakathi lama-US$20 lilinye, imali yabo engenayo ingaba:
500 × 20 = US$ 10,000
Kuzwakala kulula, akunjalo? Kungaba nzima kancane kuye ngemodeli yebhizinisi. Nakhu ukubheka ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zamabhizinisi.
Isamba sefomula yemali engenayo
Imali engenayo iyonke isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi abone ukuthi intengo ithinta kanjani ukufunwa komkhiqizo. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokubona ubudlelwane phakathi kwentengo nokuthengisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Nansi indlela yayo elula:
Isamba Semali Engenayo = Inani x Inani Elithengisiwe
Ukubalwa kwemali engenayo yamamodeli ebhizinisi ahlukene
Wonke amabhizinisi ahlukile, futhi indlela abale ngayo imali engenayo ingahluka. Nansi indlela esebenza ngayo kwamanye amamodeli ajwayelekile:
1. Amabhizinisi asekelwe emkhiqizweni
Uma ibhizinisi lithengisa imikhiqizo ebonakalayo, imali engenayo ivela enanini lamayunithi athengiswe aphindwe ngenani ngeyunithi ngayinye. Lokhu kuzwakala kulula, kodwa khumbula ukuphendula ngembuyiselo, ukubuyiselwa kwemali, nezaphulelo.
Isibonelo:
Ake sithi isitolo sezingcingo sithengisa amagajethi angu-1,200 ngama-US$50 lilinye. Nokho, abathengi babuyise amagajethi ayi-100. Nakhu ukuthi imali engenayo izobukeka kanjani:
Imali engenayo = (1,200−100) × 50 = 1,100 × 50 = US$ 55,000
Qaphela: Khumbula, isamba semali engenayo iyisamba sangaphambi kokubalwa kwembuyiselo. Isamba semali engenayo iyona esele ngemva kwalezo zinguquko.
2. Amabhizinisi asekelwe kwisevisi
Imali engenayo yamabhizinisi esevisi incike enanini lamaklayenti anikeziwe noma amahora asetshenziwe aphindwe ngenani elikhokhisiwe. Ifomula ishintsha kancane lapha:
Imali engenayo = Inani lamakhasimende (noma amahora) x inani elimaphakathi lamasevisi
Isibonelo:
Umklami ozisebenzelayo ukhokhisa u-$100 ngehora futhi usebenza amahora angu-150 akhokhelekayo nyanga zonke.
Imali engenayo = 150×100 = US$ 15,000
Le modeli ingaphinda ifake izimali ezisuselwe kumaphrojekthi, ezingase zihluke nyanga zonke.
3. Amabhizinisi e-E-commerce
Izinkundla ze-E-commerce zivame ukubandakanya izaphulelo, izimbuyiselo, namaphromoshini, okungase kube nzima ukubala. Qiniseka ukuthi uyalandisa ngalokhu kulungiswa.
Isibonelo:
Isitolo esiku-inthanethi sithengisa izinto ezingama-600 ngama-US$25 sisinye, kodwa abathengi babuyisela u-10%.
Imali engenayo = 600 × 25 × (1 − 0.10) = 600 × 25 × 0.90 = US$ 13,500
4. Amabhizinisi asekelwe ekubhaliseni
Izinkampani ezisebenzisa amamodeli okubhaliselwe zingabala imali yazo engenayo ngokusekelwe kwababhalisile bazo kanye nenani lenkokhelo. Nasi isibonelo esihle: ake sithi insizakalo yokusakaza inesilinganiso sababhalisile abangu-5,000 abakhokha u-US$30 nyanga zonke. Imali engenayo yanyanga zonke yenkampani izobukeka kanje:
Imali engenayo = 5,000 × 30 = US$ 150,000
Enye into eyenza le modeli ikhetheke imvelo yayo ephindaphindayo. Ngalesi sizathu, amabhizinisi angakwazi ngisho nokubikezela iholo lawo.
4 ukulungiswa okuvamile ekubalweni kwemali engenayo
Imali engenayo ayivamile ukufika ihlanzekile futhi ilula. Nazi izinguquko ezivamile amabhizinisi avame ukuzenza:
- Izimbuyiselo nezimbuyiselo: Susa inani lanoma yiziphi izinto ezibuyisiwe noma ezibuyiselwe ukuze uthole imali yakho yonke.
- Imali engenayo ehlehlisiwe: Uma amaklayenti ekhokha kusengaphambili isevisi (njengokubhaliselwe kwaminyaka yonke), bala kuphela ingxenye ehambisana nezinsizakalo esezilethiwe.
- Izaphulelo namaphromoshini: Lungisa i-ASP ukuze ibonise noma yikuphi ukuthengisa noma amaphromoshini ibhizinisi eliwaphethe ngaleso sikhathi.
- Ukuguqulwa kohlobo lwemali: Ngokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, guqula imali engenayo yangaphandle ibe uhlobo lwemali oluyisisekelo usebenzisa izilinganiso zokushintshisana zamanje.
Amamethrikhi abalulekile emali engenayo azolandelwa
Ukubala imali engenayo kuyisiqalo nje. Ukuze uqonde impilo yezezimali yanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi, hlala ubhekile lawa mamethrikhi:
- Izinga lokukhula kwemali engenayo: Le metric ibonisa ukuthi imali engenayo ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nansi ifomula ongayisebenzisa
Izinga Lokukhula = Imali Engenayo Yamanje - Imali Engenayo Yangaphambili / Imali Engenayo Yangaphambili × 100
- Imali engenayo ngeyunithi ngayinye (i-RPU): Le metric izosiza amabhizinisi ukuthi alandelele imali engenayo emaphakathi ngesevisi ngayinye noma umkhiqizo othengisiwe.
- Inani lokuphila kwekhasimende (i-CLV): Amabhizinisi abhalisele adinga le methrikhi ukuze abone ukuthi kungakanani angakulindela kwababhalisile kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
- Ukugxiliswa kwemali engenayo: Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa le metric ukuze anqume ukuthi imali engenayo incike ezimakethe ezithile noma amakhasimende. Uma kunjalo, lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu okufanele usigweme.
Ukuhlanganisa
Nakuba ukubala imali engenayo kubalulekile, amabhizinisi kufanele akhumbule ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlobo zemali engenayo ezilinganayo. Izinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uziqonde imali engenayo neyonke, njengoba ukwenza iphutha kokubili kungabiza izinkampani kakhulu. Nakuba yonke imali engenayo iphatha zonke izinzuzo zokuthengisa, imali engenayo iyonke isusa izindleko zezimpahla futhi igxile kulokho okusele. Ukuqonda ukuthi zombili zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zibalwa kanjani ngendlela efanele kuzosiza amabhizinisi avikele impilo yawo yezezimali futhi enze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ezingaholela ekukhuleni kwesikhathi esizayo.
