Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandayo ngokushesha ngenxa yezikhungo zedatha, ama-EV kanye ne-AI, kudinga ukwamukela amasu wamandla amasha njengezinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe nama-microgrid anikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zengqalasizinda yamandla eqinile, esabelayo.
I-microgrid ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa esizeni, okufana ne-Mainspring's Linear Generator kanye ne-solar PV, nokugcinwa kwamandla, ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izibalo, kanye nesofthiwe yezindawo zezohwebo nezimboni.
Isithombe: Schneider Electric
Kuvela kumagazini we-pv wase-USA
Igridi yamandla yase-US ingaphansi kobunzima obungakaze bubonwe, obuqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo esivela ezikhungweni zedatha ezisekela ubuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) kanye nokwamukelwa ngokushesha kokufakwa kukagesi nezimoto zikagesi (EVs). Njengoba le mikhakha yomibili ikhula, izidingo zayo zamandla ezihlangene ziqhubekisela phambili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezwe kube phezulu, okuphoqa uhlaka ukuthi luzivumelanise nezimo ukuze lusimamise izifiso zesimanje zobuchwepheshe nezemvelo.
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezikhungo zedatha ezinikwe amandla yi-AI kukodwa kulindeleke ukuthi kukhokhele u-8% wawo wonke amandla asetshenziswa e-US ngo-2030, kusukela ku-3% ngo-2022, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kungqalasizinda ye-EV nakho kukhuphuka ngendlela emangalisayo. Lo mkhuba ukhuphule isidingo sokuqinisa igridi yamandla, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zekusasa elixhumeke ngokwedijithali, elifakwe ugesi. Ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo zamandla ezikhulayo kuyilapho ugcina ukuqina kwegridi akuyona into encane. Kudinga ukwamukela amasu asungulwayo wamandla afana nezinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe (ama-DER) nama-microgrid, anikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zengqalasizinda yamandla eqinile, esabelayo.
Izikhungo zedatha, ama-EV, nobunkimbinkimbi obukhulayo begridi
Ukuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda yamandla kuphuthuma ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana “ne-data center alley” eVirginia, lapho izimfuno zamandla zikhuphuka kakhulu. Izikhungo zedatha—impilo ye-AI ne-cloud computing—zihlangene ezindaweni ezinjalo, ziphusha umthamo wegridi emikhawulweni yawo. Khonamanjalo, ukwanda kwama-EV kusebenzisa ingcindezi efanayo kumagridi endawo, njengoba kuqhuma isidingo sengqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinabantu abaningi njenge-Los Angeles kanye ne-Bay Area.
Le ngcindezi ekabili evela ku-AI nama-EV ayibonisi nje isidingo samandla engeziwe; kuphinde kube nzima ukuhlelwa kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinsiza zihlose ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokuqinisa ukuphepha kwegridi. Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kanye nomthelela wesimo sezulu kuphinde kwagcizelela isidingo segridi eqinile ekwazi ukubhekana nezidingo ezilindelekile nezingalindelekile. Ukuvela kwegridi, nokho, akugcini ekwengezeni umthamo, kudinga imodeli eguquguqukayo, esabalalisiwe esekela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla endawo kanye nokusabela okusheshayo ekushintsheni kwesidingo.
Indima yama-microgrid esikhathini esizayo esiqinile
Ama-Microgrid avele njengamathuluzi abalulekile ekufuneni uhlelo lwamandla oluzinzile, oluqinile. Ngokungafani namagridi endabuko athembele ezimbonini zamandla ezinkulu, ezimaphakathi, ama-microgrid asebenza njengamanethiwekhi azimele angaphehla, agcine, futhi asebenzise ugesi esizeni. Leli khono libavumela ukuthi banakekele ukusebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwegridi eyinhloko ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi noma lapho isidingo samandla sikhuphuka. Ama-Microgrid aphinde anikeze ukuguquguquka kokuhlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya, oqondana kahle nezinjongo ze-decarbonization ngenkathi yengeza ungqimba lwamandla okuzimela.
Ama-Microgrid aklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa ukubikezelwa kwezindleko, nokuhlanganisa izinsiza zamandla ahlanzekile. Isibonelo, igridi ehlakaniphile yesikhumulo sezindiza i-JFK Airport—ehlanganisa amandla elanga nesitoreji sebhethri esikusayithi—inikeza isipele samandla ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka, okubonisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda ebalulekile ingagcina kanjani ukusebenza ngisho nalapho igridi emaphakathi intengantenga. Amamodeli anjalo agcizelela ukubaluleka kwama-microgrid njengesixazululo sezikhungo nemiphakathi ehlose ukuziqinisa ekunqandeni nokuntengantenga kwegridi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-microgrid nakho kuyithuba lezomnotho eliphoqayo. Ngokukhiqiza nokugcina amandla endaweni, izinhlangano nemiphakathi ithola ukulawula izindleko zamandla, inciphise ukuthembela emandleni angaphandle, futhi ingathengisa namandla asalayo iwabuyisele kugridi eyinhloko. Ezikhungweni ezilawula imisebenzi edingeka kakhulu, njengezikhungo zedatha, lawa makhono engeza ukwethembeka kuyilapho futhi esekela ukusimama ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo.
Ukunqoba izithiyo zokwamukelwa okusabalele kwe-microgrid
Ngaphandle kwamandla awo, ama-microgrid abhekana nezingqinamba ezikhawulele ukutholwa kwawo okusabalele kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zezohwebo, zezimboni kanye nengqalasizinda. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokulawula, izindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezimisiwe kukhinyabeze ukukaleka kwegridi encane. Ngokungafani namaphrojekthi elanga noma omoya ahlomulayo ngezinxephezelo zezinga likahulumeni kanye nemithethonqubo ehlelekile, izinqubomgomo ze-microgrid ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwezifunda, okudala ukungaqiniseki kubatshalizimali nabaqhubi. Imiklamo yamanje yegridi encane ivamise ukwakhiwa ngokwezifiso, okuholela ezikhathini ezinde zokuthunyelwa kanye nezindleko ezibalulekile, ngokuvamile ezisukela phakathi kwezigidi ezimbili zamaRandi kuya kwezingu-2 imegawathi ngayinye.
Ukuze banqobe lezi zithiyo, abasunguli bamandla bahlola amamodeli amasha ezezimali afana nokuthi “energy as a service” (EaaS), angenza ama-microgrid afinyeleleke ngokwezimali ngokusabalalisa izindleko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi alethe ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokulawula ubunkimbinkimbi nobungozi. Ukwethulwa kwezisombululo ezijwayelekile, ze-modular microgrid nakho kulindeleke ukuthi kuguqule imboni. Ngokusebenzisa amasistimu aklanywe ngaphambili, ahlolwe ngaphambilini anesitoreji sebhethri esididiyelwe kanye nesofthiwe yokuphatha amandla, ukuthunyelwa kwe-microgrid kungafinyezwa kusukela eminyakeni ukuya ezinyangeni, kunciphise kokubili izindleko nokuba yinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zixazululo ezijwayelekile zingasiza ukukala ukuthunyelwa kwe-microgrid kuzo zonke izimboni, kusukela kungqalasizinda yomphakathi kuya ezinkampanini ezizimele, kuzenze zisebenzele uhla olubanzi lwabasebenzisi.
Ukubona ngeso lengqondo isimo sezwe samandla esinwetshiwe
Igridi yesikhathi esizayo cishe izoba inethiwekhi ehlukaniselwe ama-microgrid nama-DERs, engalawula ngamandla ukulayishwa kwamandla, ithuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, futhi inciphise ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Lolu shintsho lungakha uhlelo oluguquguqukayo olungagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zezikhungo zedatha nengqalasizinda ye-EV kodwa okwenza lokho ngokusimeme nangempumelelo. Ukusabalalisa amandla okukhiqiza amandla—ngokunika amandla imiphakathi nezinsiza ukuze zikhiqize futhi zilawule amandla azo—kuzophinde kusekele izinjongo zikazwelonke zokuqeda ikhabhoni, ukukhula komnotho, kanye nokuphepha kwamandla.
Uhambo oluya kungqalasizinda yamandla esimeme, eqinile luyisidingo kanye nethuba. Ngokusebenzisa ama-microgrid namanye ama-DER, i-US ingakha igridi engeyona nje enamandla kodwa futhi ehlakaniphile futhi ekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zekusasa elinamandla e-AI, elifakwe ugesi. Lolu shintsho lwamandla, nakuba luyinselele, lumelela umzuzu obalulekile wokuchaza kabusha ukuthi igridi ingaba yini, iqinisekise ukuthi isekela ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, imelana nezingcindezi zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, futhi isiqhubezela enkathini yamandla ahlanzekile ekwazi ukuqina njengoba isebenza kahle.
UJana Gerber ungumongameli we-microgrid, esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika weSchneider Electric. Unesibopho sokukhulisa ibhizinisi le-microgrid yezentengiselwano eNyakatho Melika futhi asekele amakhasimende ohambweni lwawo lokusimama nokuqina.
U-Rohan Kelkar uyisekela likamongameli omkhulu webhizinisi lomhlaba jikelele le-Schneider Electric's Power Products. Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ehola izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, u-Rohan uhola iphothifoliyo yokusatshalaliswa kukagesi yalolu phiko enesibopho sokulwela izixazululo ezintsha kanye nokuletha imikhiqizo esimeme, esebenza kahle, exhunyiwe, neyindilinga emakethe.
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