Njengoba imboni yokupakisha ibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokuthatha izinqubo ezisimeme, ukugoqa ngepulasitiki - okwake kwaba yisixazululo - manje sekubhekwa njengokujwayelekile.
Ukugoqa ngepulasitiki kube yinto esemqoka ekupakishweni amashumi eminyaka, kunikeza ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela umkhiqizo.
Kepha njengoba kukhula ukuqwashisa ngemvelo, imboni yokupakisha iphinda ihlaziye indima yokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, icubungula indawo yayo yemvelo futhi ihlola ezinye izinto.
Lolu shintsho alulolongi nje kuphela izindlela zokupakisha kodwa nokuthi izinkampani zihambisana kanjani nezinjongo zokusimama.
Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ukuthi kungani ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kuhlolisiswa, sihlole ezinye izindlela ezisafufusa, futhi sixoxe ngokuthi ikusasa lokugoqa ngepulasitiki lingaba yini embonini yokupakisha.
Umthelela wemvelo we-Plastic Wrap
Ukugoqa kwepulasitiki, okuvame ukwakhiwa nge-polyethylene esezingeni eliphansi (i-LDPE), ngokwesiko bekuthandwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziguquguqukayo nezithiyo, ezivimbela umswakama nomoya emikhiqizweni elimazayo.
Nakuba lezi zimfanelo zenza ukugoqa kwepulasitiki kube kuhle ekuvikeleni impahla, i-LDPE nezinto ezifanayo kuyinselele ukugaywa kabusha nokuba negalelo ekuqongeleleni udoti wepulasitiki ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu nasezilwandle.
Izibalo zigcizelela inselele yezemvelo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki kuhlanganisa cishe u-40% wesidingo sepulasitiki somhlaba wonke, kanti ingxenye enkulu yale mfucumfucu ayiphinda isetshenziswe. E-UK, ngokwesibonelo, izinto zokupakisha, okuhlanganisa ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki, kuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.2 wemfucumfucu yepulasitiki ekhiqizwa minyaka yonke.
Njengoba ingxenye encane nje yale mfucumfucu igaywa kabusha ngokuphumelelayo, ingxenye enkulu yayo ekugcineni inezela ekungcoleni.
Ukuqina kwepulasitiki, nakuba kunenzuzo ekupakishweni, kuba yinkinga ngemva kokusetshenziswa, njengoba lezi zinto zingaqhubeka endaweni ezungezile amakhulu eminyaka.
Kumabhizinisi nakubathengi ngokufanayo, isidingo sezisombululo zokupakisha ezisimeme sekuyimbangela yoshintsho, okufaka ingcindezi embonini yokupakisha ukuthi isungule futhi yehlise ukuthembela kwayo ekugoqweni kwepulasitiki kwendabuko.
Ezinye izindlela ezisafufusa: ukuchaza kabusha izinto zokugoqa
Ukuphendula ukukhathazeka kwemvelo, izinkampani zihlola ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokugoqa ipulasitiki ezivamile, ezihlose ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo ngenkathi zigcina izimfanelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo emkhakheni wokupakisha:
- Amafilimu angaboli: Ngokungafani nepulasitiki yendabuko, amafilimu abolayo abhidlika ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezisekelwe esitshalweni ezifana ne-polylactic acid (PLA) ephuma kusitashi sombila noma umoba. Lawa mafilimu abola ngokushesha kakhulu kunamapulasitiki ajwayelekile futhi anikeza amandla afanayo nokuguquguquka. Kodwa-ke, izinselelo zisekhona, njengesidingo sezimo ezithile zokubola kanye nengqalasizinda elinganiselwe yokucubungula lezi zinto ngempumelelo.
- Ama-compostable wraps: Yenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ezifana ne-cellulose, ama-compostable wraps angabola ngokuphelele endaweni yokwenza umquba. Imikhiqizo eminingi manje yenza ukupakishwa okuvundile okungaphuka ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokukhipha izinsalela eziyingozi. Ukushintshela kuma-compostable wraps kunikeza isixazululo esinomthelela omncane kwezemvelo, kodwa imibuzo mayelana nokuqina kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza okusanhlamvu kusadinga ukubhekwa.
- Amafilimu anezendlalelo eziningi angaphinda asetshenziswe: Abanye abakhiqizi bacabanga kabusha ukugoqa kwepulasitiki ngokwakha amafilimu anezendlalelo eziningi angasebenza kabusha, ahlanganisa ama-polymer ahlukahlukene ukuze enze ukugoqa okusengaphinda kusetshenziswe ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lawa mafilimu athuthukile ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezifanayo njengokugoqwa kwepulasitiki okungokwesiko kodwa abe nokunyathela kwemvelo okuncishisiwe, njengoba engasetshenziswa kabusha ngamasistimu afanelekile.
- Izixazululo zokugoqa ezingasetshenziswa kabusha: Ezinye izinkampani zizama ngezinto zokugoqa ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinkulu emaphaketheni embonini. Izinto ezifana ne-polypropylene elukiwe zinikeza ukuqina futhi zingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokulahlwa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa udoti kakhulu. Nakuba kungesona isixazululo sakho konke ukupakisha, okusebenzisekayo kabusha kuyazuza ezindaweni lapho imikhiqizo idinga ukuvikeleka okuqinile isikhathi eside.
Njengoba lezi zindlela ezihlukile ziqhubeka nokuvela, ziveza izindlela ezisebenzayo zemikhiqizo yokunciphisa umthelela kwezemvelo kuyilapho zisahlangabezana nezidingo zemboni zokuvikela kanye nekhwalithi.
Kodwa-ke, ukutholwa okusabalele kuzoncika ekulinganiseni ukonga kwezindleko, ukusebenza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokuvuselela kanye nokwenza umquba.
Izinselelo ekusebenziseni izixazululo ezisimeme
Ngaphandle kwesithembiso salezi zindlela ezihlukile, imboni yokupakisha ibhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa lapho isuka ekugoqweni kwepulasitiki okungokwesiko. Izindleko zisalokhu zikhathaza kakhulu, njengoba izinto eziningi ezisimeme zisabiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza kunepulasitiki evamile.
Kumabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo, umehluko wentengo ungaba isithiyo ekuthathweni.
Ukulinganiselwa kokusebenza kungenye inkinga. Okunye ukugoqa okuvumelana nemvelo akuhlinzeki ngezinga elifanayo lomswakamo noma isivimbelo somoya njengokugoqwa kwepulasitiki ye-LDPE.
Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ikakhulukazi emaphaketheni okudla nakwezemithi, lapho ubuqotho bomkhiqizo bubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba ukuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kusiza ukuvala lezi zikhala, ukuyekethisa ekuqineni, ekuguquguqukeni, nempilo yomkhiqizo kuyaqhubeka nokuba nezinselele.
Umbono wabathengi nawo udlala indima. Abathengi baya ngokuya befuna ukupakishwa okusimeme, nokho abanye bayangabaza ngezinketho ezibolayo nezivundisekayo ngenxa yokudideka mayelana nezinqubo zokulahla nokugaywa kabusha.
Isibonelo, akuwona wonke amapulasitiki abolayo angavundiswa ekhaya, futhi amaningi adinga izindawo zokuvundisa zezimboni okungenzeka zingatholakali kabanzi. Ukufundisa abathengi ngezindlela ezifanele zokulahla kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi zinto azifaki imfucuza ngokungazi.
Okokugcina, ingqalasizinda iyisithiyo esibalulekile. Ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuvundisa, ukwenza isibonelo, kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokugoqa okuvundisiwe.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezifanele zokugaywa kabusha nokufaka umquba endaweni, ngisho nezinto ezisimeme zingagcina sezisendaweni yokulahla udoti, lapho zilahlekelwa khona izinzuzo ezihlosiwe zemvelo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokwenza umquba kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izixazululo zokupakisha ezisimeme ngempela.
Umgwaqo ongaphambili wokugoqa ngepulasitiki emaphaketheni
Njengoba isidingo sezisombululo ezilungele imvelo sikhula, ikusasa lokugoqwa kwepulasitiki cishe lizobandakanya ingxube yezinto zendabuko ezisetshenziswa ngokuzibophezela, kanye nezinye izindlela ezisimeme.
Ezinkampanini, ukuqhubekela ezinqumweni ezisimeme akuyona nje indaba yokuthobela imithetho kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokwakha ukwethembana kwabathengi nokwethembeka komkhiqizo.
Abanye abaholi bezimboni sebesebenzisa indlela eyisiyingi, ehlanganisa izinto ezingaphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokutshala imali ezinhlelweni ezivaliwe lapho ukupakishwa kuklanyelwe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe noma kucutshungulwe kabusha ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Umthetho uzophinde ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekubumbeni ikusasa lokugoqwa kwepulasitiki. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa imithetho eqinile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki nemfucuza.
E-UK, i-Plastic Packaging Tax eyethulwe ngo-Ephreli 2022 ibeka intela emaphaketheni epulasitiki anokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha okungaphansi kuka-30%, okugqugquzela izinkampani ukuthi zisungule futhi zihlole ezinye izindlela ezilungele imvelo.
Nakuba ukushintshela ezintweni zokupakisha ezisimeme kungase kuthathe isikhathi, umfutho wemboni ucacile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusekela okunye ukugoqa kuthuthuka kanye nengqalasizinda iyathuthuka, ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki kungabona uguquko oluyivumela ukuthi igcine indawo yayo ekupakishweni ngendlela eqhubekayo.
Ukwamukela lezi zinguquko kungasiza izinkampani zehlise umkhondo wazo wemvelo futhi zihlangabezane nokulindelwe okukhulayo kwabathengi abaqaphela imvelo.
Ukuvela kokugoqa kwepulasitiki kubonisa ukushintsha okubanzi ekufakweni okusimeme kuyo yonke imboni. Ngokucabanga kabusha ukugoqa kwepulasitiki, ochwepheshe bokupakisha bangakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezibheke ekusaseni eliyisiyingi nelibhekele imvelo.
Umthombo ovela Isango Lokupakisha
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