Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo ezahlukene nezici zazo
● Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Amashaja angaphakathi adlala indima ebalulekile ezimotweni zikagesi ngokuguqula ngempumelelo i-AC ibe amandla e-DC ukuze ishaje iphakethe lebhethri. Ngokuthandwa okukhulayo kwezimoto zikagesi, kunesidingo esikhulayo samashaja aphakathi nendawo athembekile nasezingeni eliphezulu. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iholele esivinini sokushaja esingcono, izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, okwenza izimoto zikagesi zilungele ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Amabhizinisi anezinketho, njengamashaja esigaba esisodwa noma anamandla ezigaba ezintathu, futhi kufanele akhethe isistimu efaneleke kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezimfuneko zawo. Le ntuthuko entsha ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa indlela izimoto ezisebenza ngayo kodwa iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekwakheni ikusasa eliluhlaza.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamashaja angaphakathi ibibiza u-$6.5 billion ngo-2023. Kubikezelwa ukuthi izofinyelela ku-$27.4 billion ngo-2032 ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingu-16.7%. Ukwanda kugqugquzelwa ukwanda kokuthandwa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nenqubekelaphambili ekushajweni kwezobuchwepheshe, njenge-silicon carbide ne-gallium nitride, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi enciphisa isikhathi sokushaja. Imizamo kahulumeni efana noxhaso kanye nekhefu lentela kuqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe njengoba abathengi beya ngokuya bethanda ukukhetha kwezimoto ezihambisana nemvelo.
I-IMARC Group ibika ukuthi amashaja angaphakathi anamandla asukela ku-11 kW kuya ku-22 kW ahola imakethe ngesabelo semakethe esingaphezu kuka-50% ngenxa yebhalansi yawo phakathi kwejubane lokushaja nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zengqalasizinda yokushaja yomphakathi neyendawo yokuhlala. Lawa mashaja angehlisa izikhathi zokushaja ngohhafu uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli anamandla aphansi. Isifunda sase-Asia Pacific sigqama njengesidlali semakethe esibalulekile ngokunikela ngaphezu kuka-40% wezibalo zokuthengisa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokwamukelwa ngokushesha kwezimoto zikagesi emazweni afana neChina neJapan. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kukahulumeni kwingqalasizinda yezimoto zikagesi nakho kuqhubekisela phambili isidingo eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu njengabanegalelo elikhulu emakethe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezici zabo
Amashaja angaphakathi adlala indima enkulu kuma-EV futhi atholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezehlukene ezenzelwe izidingo nokusetshenziswa okuthile. Amashaja esigaba esisodwa avame ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi anikezela ngokuphuma kwamandla okungaba ngu-7.3 KWh. Kubenza bafaneleke kuzimo zokushaja ebusuku lapho isivinini singeyona into ehamba phambili. Ngokuphambene, amashaja ezigaba ezintathu akwazi ukusekela kufika ku-22 kW ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso zokushaja okusheshayo futhi avame ukubonakala kuzilungiselelo zezohwebo noma ezidingeka kakhulu lapho ukushajwa okushesha kakhulu kuyadingeka ukuze kusebenze kahle. I-EVExpert ithi la mashaja anamandla athandwa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezithengiswayo ngoba anciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula.
Amashaja anamazinga ahlukene okukhipha amandla asukela ku-3.7 KW kuya ku-22 kW. Lawo mashaja anamandla angaphansi kuka-7 kW afaneleka kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi zomuntu siqu (ama-EV), ikakhulukazi uma isikhathi singesona esibucayi, njengalapho kushajwa ebusuku ekhaya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amashaja anamandla aphezulu, aphakathi kuka-11 kW no-22 kW, anikeza isivinini sokushaja esinciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja. Lawa mashaja afanelekile kubasebenzisi abadinga amandla okushajwa kabusha okusheshayo, njengezimoto zezimoto zentengiso. Ngokombiko we-IMARC Group, lawa mashaja aphezulu abusa imakethe ngenxa yokuguquguquka namandla awo okushaja ezindaweni zamadolobha eziphithizelayo.
Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindlela zokushaja i-AC ne-DC. Amashaja e-AC aguqula amandla ashintshashintshayo abe awamanje (DC) ngaphakathi kweshaja engaphakathi kwemoto ngaphambi kokuyidlulisela ebhethrini. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa kumashaja asekhaya nawomphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushaja kwe-DC kweqa ishaja engaphakathi futhi kunikeza amandla ngqo ebhethrini, okuvumela isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-EV e-Lithium Inc., ukushaja kwe-AC kusebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, kuyilapho ukushaja kwe-DC kubalulekile ohambweni olude noma ezimotweni zikagesi zebhizinisi lapho ukonga isikhathi kubalulekile.
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuholele kumashaja asebenza kahle angaphakathi kwama-EV. Inqubekelaphambili yakamuva ikhulise amazinga okuguqulwa kwamandla aze afike ku-98%, yehlisa kakhulu ukumoshwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokushaja. Lezi zithuthukisi futhi zihlanganisa amasistimu okulawula okushisayo agcina amashaja esebenza kahle kakhulu kuyilapho evimbela izinkinga futhi ekhulisa ukuphila isikhathi eside. Njengoba kubikiwe u-Elechub, Abakhiqizi baphinde bagcizelela ekwehliseni usayizi weshaja nesisindo sokuhlanganiswa kuma-EV ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza noma ukuphepha kwebhethri.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo
Ukukhetha ishaja efanelekile yemoto kagesi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amandla kagesi kanye namandla akhona kuyahambisana nesistimu yebhethri yemoto. Amashaja amaningi angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukusekela ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa ngama-voltage asukela ku-110 kuya ku-260 volts noma ukushajwa kwezigaba ezintathu okunomthamo ophakathi kuka-360 no-440 volts. Kubalulekile ukufanisa imininingwane ye-voltage yeshaja naleyo yesistimu yebhethri ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja nokugwema izinkinga ezingase ziphakame. Ukusebenzisa i-voltage engalungile noma ileveli yamanje kungabangela isivinini sokushaja esinensayo noma umonakalo ongaba khona ebhethrini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukushaja okusheshayo kuyisici esibalulekile kubasebenzisi beshejuli, njengoba kungehlisa kakhulu izikhathi zokushaja okungenani ngo-50%. Amashaja alinganiselwa ku-11 kW kuya ku-22 kW ayaziwa ukuthi ayashesha kakhulu kunalawo anamandla aphansi. Kodwa-ke, bangadinga ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe njengokuxhunywa kukagesi okuthuthukisiwe noma iziteshi zokushaja umthamo ophakeme, okungaholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme. Ngokusho kwe-IMARC Group, imibiko ibonisa ukuthi ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwejubane lokushaja nengqalasizinda etholakalayo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezilungiselelweni zebhizinisi lapho ukonga isikhathi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ubukhulu nesisindo seshaja yizici ezilolonga ukwakheka nokusebenza kwemoto. Amashaja asindayo angaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-EV njengoba angaholela ebangeni elincishisiwe futhi abe nomthelela emandleni okubamba. Ngokusho kwe-EV Lithium, ukuthambekela okukhulayo kubonakala kumashaja alula futhi alula. Lokhu kudume kakhulu phakathi kwabanikazi be-EV ababeka phambili ukukhulisa ububanzi. Abakhiqizi basebenzela ukuncipha kosayizi beshaja kuyilapho begcina amazinga okukhipha amandla, okwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwamashaja anamandla aphezulu ezikhaleni.
Izici zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuthembeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kumadivayisi kagesi njengamashaja. Amashaja asebenza kahle kakhulu afinyelela izinga lokuguqulwa aze afike ku-98% futhi angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ezinqubweni zokushaja futhi anciphise ukumoshakala kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezinjengokuvikela uma usebenzisa i-overcurrent, ukuqapha kwesikhashana, kanye nokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ishaja isebenza kuzo zonke izimo. U-Elecpeek uveza ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela zelula isikhathi sempilo yeshaja futhi zinikeza ungqimba lokuvikeleka kukho kokubili ibhethri nemoto ezingozini zikagesi.
Ukucabangela izindleko newaranti kubalulekile lapho ukhetha ishaja ehambisana nezidingo zakho. Amashaja aphezulu angathembisa ukushaja okusheshayo nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kodwa eza nethegi yentengo ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukukala izindleko ngokuqhathanisa nezici nokonga okungaba khona kwesikhathi eside, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi bemikhumbi noma abasebenzisi abavamile. I-IMARC Group iphakamisa ukuthi kubhekwe iwaranti nezinsizakalo zokusekela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ishaja ihlala ithembekile futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuyilungisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha ishaja efanelekile yangaphakathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle nokuqina kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngokucabangela izici ezifana nokufaneleka kwamandla kagesi, isivinini sokushaja, ubukhulu, ukusebenza kahle, nemisebenzi yokuphepha, abathengi bangakhetha amashaja ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zabo. Ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nokwethembeka okuhlala njalo, kuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa kwe-EV.
