Imali engenayo uma iqhathaniswa nenzuzo: Umehluko Oyinhloko nokuthi Yikuphi Okubaluleke Kakhudlwana

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo nenzuzo kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebhizinisini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesiqalo esincane noma inkampani enkulu. Le migomo emibili yezezimali ikusiza ukuthi ubone izingxenye ezihlukene zempilo yezezimali yenkampani nokusebenza kwayo.

Imali engenayo yisamba senani lemali ekhiqizwa ngokudayiswa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi ngaphambi kokuba kudonswe noma yiziphi izindleko. Inzuzo yinani lemali elisele ngemuva kokuthi zonke izindleko, izintela, nezindleko sezikhishiwe emalini engenayo.

Lapha, sizocubungula kabanzi ukuthi iyini imali engenayo nenzuzo, sigqamise ukuhluka kwakho okubalulekile, futhi sixoxe ngamasu okuthuthukisa kokubili imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo yebhizinisi lakho.

Okuqukethwe
Iyini imali engenayo?
Iyini inzuzo?
Ukubaluleka kokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemali engenayo nenzuzo
Izinhlobo zemali engenayo
Izinhlobo zenzuzo
Ibalwa kanjani inzuzo ngenzuzo
Amasu okuthuthukisa kokubili imali engenayo nenzuzo
Imali engenayo uma iqhathaniswa nama-FAQ enzuzo

Iyini imali engenayo?

Imali engenayo, ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi ukuthengisa noma inzuzo, iyisamba senani lemali etholwa yinkampani ngokudayisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ayo. Imelela yonke imali engena ngaphambi kokuthi kukhishwe noma yiziphi izindleko noma izindleko. Imali engenayo ibalwe phezulu esitatimendeni semali engenayo futhi iyisiqalo sokuthola amanye amamethrikhi ezezimali. Inikeza isithombe esibanzi sokuthi inkampani izuza malini emisebenzini yayo eyinhloko.

Imali engenayo ibalulekile ngoba ikhombisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lenza kahle kangakanani mayelana nokudayisa kanye nesidingo semakethe. Imali engenayo ephezulu isho ukuthi inkampani inobukhona obuqinile emakethe kanye nesizinda samakhasimende esikhulu. Kubalulekile futhi ngoba kusiza ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwebhizinisi, ukukhokhela izindleko, nokutshala ekukhuleni okuzayo.

Iyini inzuzo?

Inzuzo, eyaziwa nangokuthi imali engenayo, iyimali esele ngemuva kokuthi zonke izindleko, izintela, nezindleko sezikhishiwe emalini engenayo. Ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi umugqa obalulekile esitatimendeni semali engenayo ngenxa yokuthi sibonisa inani lokugcina elitholwa yinkampani ngemva kokumboza zonke izibopho zayo zezimali.

Inzuzo iyinkomba eyinhloko yempilo yezezimali yenkampani kanye nekhono layo lokukhiqiza inani labanikazi bamasheya bayo. Imajini yenzuzo ephezulu isho ukuthi inkampani iziphatha kahle izindleko zayo futhi ibeka amanani asebenzayo emikhiqizo noma amasevisi ayo. Inzuzo ibalulekile futhi ekutshaleni kabusha ebhizinisini, ukukhokha izinzuzo kubanikazi bamasheya, nokuqinisekisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside yenkampani.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlukanisa phakathi kwemali engenayo nenzuzo

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo nenzuzo kubalulekile ekuhloleni ngokunembile impilo yezimali yenkampani, ukwenza izinqumo zebhizinisi ezinolwazi, kanye nokwakha amasu asebenzayo okukhula nokusimama.

Imali engenayo ibonisa isamba senani lemali inkampani eyenzayo ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ayo, ngokuyisisekelo imele imali engenayo ngaphambi kokuba kudonswe noma yiziphi izindleko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo iyimali esele ngemva kokuba zonke izindleko, kuhlanganise nezindleko zokusebenza, inzalo, nezintela, sezikhokhiwe.

Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba imali engenayo iyodwa ayinikezi isithombe esiphelele sokusebenza kwezimali kwenkampani. Imali engenayo ephezulu ingase iphakamise ukuthengiswa okuqinile nesidingo semakethe, kodwa ngaphandle kokucabangela izindleko, ayibonisi ukuthi yimalini ngempela egcinwa yinkampani. Inzuzo ihlinzeka ngesilinganiso esicacile sempilo yezezimali ngokubonisa inzuzo yonke ngemva kokuba zonke izindleko zibaliwe.

Lokhu kuqonda kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo zebhizinisi ezinolwazi, njengokuthi uzonciphisa kuphi izindleko, ubeka kanjani amanani entengo yemikhiqizo, nokuthi ungayitshala kuphi ukuze ikhule. Ukwengeza, ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemali engenayo nenzuzo kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zenze amasu aphumelelayo angaqinisekisi ukukhula kuphela kodwa futhi nokusimama kwesikhathi eside kanye nenzuzo.

Izinhlobo zemali engenayo

Imali engenayo yokusebenza: Lena imali ibhizinisi eliyenza ngemisebenzi yalo eyinhloko. Isibonelo, isitolo sokudayisa sizuza imali engenayo yokusebenza ngokuthengisa imikhiqizo yaso.

Imali engenayo engasebenzi: Lokhu kuhlanganisa imali engenayo evela emithonjeni engahlobene nemisebenzi yebhizinisi ewumongo, njengenzalo etholwe kusukela ekutshalweni kwezimali, izabelo ezivela kumasheya, noma imali engenayo yokuqasha evela endaweni.

Izinhlobo zenzuzo

Inzalo enkulu: Lokhu kubalwa ngokukhipha izindleko zezimpahla ezithengisiwe (COGS) emalini engenayo. Isamba senzuzo sikhombisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lizisingatha kanjani izindleko eziqondile zokwenza nokudayisa imikhiqizo yalo.

Inzuzo yokusebenza (EBIT): Le yinzuzo inkampani eyenzayo emisebenzini yayo yebhizinisi eliyinhloko, abalwa ngokususa izindleko zokusebenza enzuzweni yonke. Ayifaki inzalo noma izintela, yingakho igama elithi EBIT (Iholo Ngaphambi Kwenzalo Nezintela).

Inzuzo ephelele: Leli inani lokugcina lenzuzo ngemva kokuba zonke izindleko, okuhlanganisa inzalo nezintela, sezidonsiwe. Inzuzo yonke ihlinzeka ngombono ophelele wenzuzo yonke yenkampani.

Ebhizinisini le-e-commerce, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zenzuzo kubalulekile ekuphatheni izimali ngempumelelo. Lokhu kusiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namanani entengo, ukulawulwa kwezindleko, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lihlala linenzuzo futhi lizinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ibalwa kanjani inzuzo ngenzuzo

Ukubala inzuzo ngenzuzo kubandakanya ukususa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindleko nezindleko kuyo yonke imali engenayo. Nansi inkomba yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuqonda nokubala izinhlobo ezihlukene zenzuzo:

1. Isamba senzuzo

I-gross profit iyindlela elula yokubala inzuzo. Ibonisa ukuthi inkampani ikhiqiza futhi idayise kahle kangakanani izimpahla zayo.

Inzuzo Ephelele=Imali Engenayo−Izindleko Zempahla Ethengiswayo (COGS)

izinyathelo:

1. Khomba isamba semali engenayo: Isamba semali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla noma amasevisi.
2. Nquma ama-COGS: Izindleko eziqondile ezibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwempahla ethengiswayo (isb., izinto zokusetshenziswa, abasebenzi).

Uma inkampani ine-US$ 500,000 yemali engenayo kanye ne-US$ 300,000 ku-COGS:

Inzuzo Ephelele=

US$500,000 − US$300,000 = US$200,000

2. Inzuzo yokusebenza (EBIT)

Inzuzo yokusebenza, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-EBIT (Inzuzo Ngaphambi Kwenzalo Nezintela), ibonisa inzuzo evela emisebenzini yebhizinisi ewumgogodla.

Inzuzo Yokusebenza = Inzuzo Ephelele − Izindleko Zokusebenza

izinyathelo:

1. Bala inzuzo enkulu (njengangenhla).
2. Susa izindleko zokusebenza: Faka izindleko ezifana namaholo, irenti, izinsiza, nezinye izindleko zokuphatha.

Uma inzuzo iyonke ingu-US$ 200,000 futhi izindleko zokusebenza ziyi-US$ 100,000:

Inzuzo yokusebenza =

US$200,000 − US$100,000 = US$100,000

3. Inzuzo esele

Inzuzo yonke isilinganiso senzuzo esiphelele, esibonisa inzuzo yangempela yezimali ngemva kokuba zonke izindleko, okuhlanganisa izintela nenzalo, sezidonsiwe.

Inzuzo Ephelele = Inzuzo Yokusebenza − Inzalo − Izintela

izinyathelo:

1. Bala inzuzo yokusebenza (njengangenhla).
2. Susa izindleko zenzalo: Izindleko zezimali ezibolekiwe.
3. Susa izintela: Izintela zebhizinisi ezikhokhelwayo.

Uma inzuzo yokusebenza ingu-US$ 100,000, izindleko zenzalo zingu-$10,000, futhi izintela zingu-$20,000:

Inzuzo Ephelele = US$100,000 − US$10,000 − US$20,000

Amasu okuthuthukisa kokubili imali engenayo nenzuzo

Nawa amasu athile ebhizinisi lakho ukuze lenyuse kokubili imali engenayo nenzuzo:

Ukwandisa imali engenayo

1. Nweba ukufinyelela emakethe: Faka izimakethe ezintsha noma izifunda ukuze ufinyelele amakhasimende amaningi. Isibonelo, uma uthengisa izingubo ku-inthanethi, cabangela ukuthumela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze wandise isisekelo samakhasimende akho.
2. Ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo: Ngenisa imikhiqizo emisha noma amasevisi ukuze uhehe amasegimenti ahlukene wamakhasimende. Uma njengamanje uthengisa izingubo zabesilisa, engeza ulayini wabesifazane noma izisetshenziswa ukuze udwebe abathengi abaningi.
3. Thuthukisa imizamo yokumaketha: Tshala imali ekukhangiseni nasekukhangiseni ukuze ukhulise ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo futhi uqhubekisele phambili ukuthengisa. Sebenzisa izikhangiso zenkundla yezokuxhumana, imikhankaso yokumaketha nge-imeyili, nobudlelwano babathonya ukuze ufinyelele amakhasimende amaningi angaba khona.
4. Thuthukisa isipiliyoni samakhasimende: Thuthukisa isevisi yamakhasimende nokuzibandakanya ukuze kwandiswe ibhizinisi eliphindayo nokwethembeka kwamakhasimende. Isibonelo, nikeza ukwesekwa kwengxoxo ebukhoma kuwebhusayithi yakho futhi uthumele ama-imeyili okulandelela komuntu siqu kumakhasimende ngemva kokuthenga kwawo.

Ukwandisa inzuzo

1. Ukuphathwa kwezindleko: Khomba futhi unciphise izindleko ezingadingekile ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi. Isibonelo, xoxisana nabathengisi ngamanani angcono noma uthole izinketho zokupakisha ezingabizi kakhulu.
2. Lungiselela izintengo: Lungisa amasu akho entengo ukuze abonise inani elinikeziwe kanye nesidingo semakethe. Uma unikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukile, yekhwalithi ephezulu, ungasetha amanani aphezulu amakhasimende azimisele ukuwakhokha.
3. Khulisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi: Lungisa izinqubo futhi wamukele ubuchwepheshe ukuze uthuthukise ukukhiqiza. Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokuphatha i-inventory ukunciphisa imfucuza nokuqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka kwe-oda ngesikhathi.
4. Gxila emikhiqizweni yemali ephezulu: Phromotha futhi udayise imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo ezinemikhawulo ephezulu yenzuzo. Uma izinto ezithile esitolo sakho, njengamagajethi e-premium noma izinto ze-edishini elinganiselwe, ziletha inzuzo ethe xaxa, gqamisa lokhu emizamweni yakho yokumaketha futhi unikeze amaphromoshini ukuze uthuthukise ukuthengisa kwazo.

Imali engenayo uma iqhathaniswa nama-FAQ enzuzo

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenzuzo nenzuzo?

Imali engenayo yisamba senani lemali ekhiqizwa ngokudayiswa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi ngaphambi kokuba kudonswe noma yiziphi izindleko. Inzuzo yinani lemali elisele ngemuva kokuthi zonke izindleko, izintela, nezindleko sezikhishiwe emalini engenayo.

Ingabe inkampani ingaba nemali engenayo ephezulu kodwa inzuzo encane?

Yebo, inkampani ingaba nemali engenayo ephezulu kodwa inzuzo encane uma izindleko nezindleko ziphezulu. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi inkampani ingase idinge ukugxila ekuphathweni kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle ukuze kuthuthukiswe inzuzo.

Kungani isiqalo singagxila kakhulu emalini engenayo kunenzuzo?

Iziqalo zivame ukugxila emalini engenayo ukukhombisa isidingo semakethe kanye namandla okukhula kubatshalizimali. Ukukhula okuphezulu kwemali engenayo kungakhombisa inzuzo yesikhathi esizayo uma inkampani isikala futhi yandise ukusebenza kwayo.

Ikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu: imali engenayo noma inzuzo?

Ukubaluleka kwemali engenayo uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo kuncike kumongo webhizinisi kanye nesiteji. Ekukhuleni nasekuqaliseni, imali engenayo ingase ibaluleke kakhulu ukukhombisa amandla emakethe. Ezinkampanini ezisunguliwe, inzuzo ivama ukubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nembuyiselo yabaninimasheya.

Imicabango yokugcina

Kokubili imali engenayo nenzuzo amamethrikhi abalulekile anikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezimali kwenkampani. Nakuba imali engenayo ikhombisa ikhono lokukhiqiza ukuthengisa nokuheha amakhasimende, inzuzo iveza ukusebenza kahle kwenkampani ekuphatheni izindleko nokudala inani. Ukubaluleka kwemali engenayo uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo kungahluka kuye ngesigaba sebhizinisi, imboni, nezimo ezithile.

Ekugcineni, ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo kufanele lilinganise phakathi kokukhula kwemali engenayo kanye nokuzuza inzuzo. Ngokuqonda nokuthuthukisa womabili amamethrikhi, izinkampani zingaqinisekisa ukukhula okuzinzile, ukuzinza kwezezimali, kanye nempumelelo yesikhathi eside.